Patruno A et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed THP-1 cells to a 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field for 24 hours, with or without LPS, to study effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitor TIMP-1. Exposure was associated with a reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity and an enhancement of nitrogen intermediates involving the iNOS pathway. The researchers analyzed the role of nitration of TIMP-1 in increasing the activity of MMPs in EMF-exposed cells, and molecular modeling identified at least two protein sites, Y120 and Y38 and/or Y72, as plausible targets. The results may suggest a pathway connecting an imbalance of MMPs and their cognate inhibitor TIMP-1.
Pakhomova ON et al. · 2012
Researchers assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured cells and media exposed to 300-ns pulsed electric fields at 1 to 13 kV/cm. In cell-free media, the pulsed electric field facilitated conversion of H2DCF into the fluorescent marker DCF, an effect reduced by catalase but not by mannitol or superoxide dismutase, and not related to heating. The researchers concluded that bioeffects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields are not limited to electropermeabilization, and that concurrent ROS formation may lead to cell stimulation and/or oxidative cell damage.
Jouni FJ, Abdolmaleki P, Ghanati F. · 2012
Researchers studied whether a static magnetic field affects oxidative stress in Vicia faba plants grown in soil from a high background natural radioactivity area of Iran. Plants were continuously exposed to a static magnetic field of 15 mT for 8 days, each 8 hours per day. Antioxidant enzyme activity and flavonoid content were lower in plants from both high and low natural radioactivity soils compared to the control. The results suggest that static magnetic field exposure causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and that natural radioactivity of soil exaggerates oxidative stress.
Bułdak RJ et al. · 2012
Researchers assessed how cisplatin and an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) affected antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AT478 carcinoma cells. Cells were cultured with cisplatin for 24 and 72 hours and irradiated with 50 Hz/1 mT ELF-EMF for 16 minutes using a solenoid. When ELF-EMF was combined with cisplatin, ROS levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and DNA damage all decreased compared to cisplatin alone, but ELF-EMF by itself increased DNA damage relative to control cells.
Tasset I et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the neuroprotective effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEF) in a rat model of Huntington's disease induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP). Rats were given 3NP over four consecutive days at 20 mg/kg body weight, and ELFEF at 60 Hz and 0.7 mT was applied over 21 days, starting after the last injection. Rats treated with 3NP showed significant differences in behavior, neurotrophic factor levels, oxidative stress biomarkers, and reduced neuronal density compared with neuronal controls. ELFEF improved neurological scores, enhanced neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced both oxidative damage and neuronal loss in 3NP-treated rats.
Rageh MM, El-Gebaly RH, El-Bialy NS. · 2012
Researchers exposed newborn rats continuously to a 50 Hz, 0.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 30 days, starting when the rats were 10 days old. DNA damage in brain cells, measured by comet assay, was significantly higher in the exposed group. Exposure was associated with a significant four-fold increase in micronucleus induction and about a three-fold increase in mitotic index in bone marrow cells. Exposed rats also showed significantly higher levels of MDA and SOD, while ELF-MF failed to alter the activity of GSH.
Cui Y, Ge Z, Rizak JD, Zhai C, Zhou Z, Gong S, Che Y. · 2012
Researchers examined the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on learning in mice using two water maze tasks. ELF-MF exposure at 1 mT, 50 Hz was associated with oxidative stress in the hippocampus and striatum, and impaired both spatial learning and habit learning. The study provides evidence for an association between impaired learning and oxidative stress in the hippocampus and striatum induced by ELF-MF exposure.
Akpinar D, Ozturk N, Ozen S, Agar A, Yargicoglu P. · 2012
Researchers divided thirty female Wistar rats, aged 3 months, into three equal groups: a control group, a group exposed to electric fields at 12 kV/m, and a group exposed at 18 kV/m, with exposure applied for 14 days at 1 hour per day. Brain and retina oxidative stress markers were significantly increased in both exposed groups compared to the control group. Total antioxidant status levels were significantly decreased in both brain and retina in the exposed groups compared to the control group. All visual evoked potential components were significantly prolonged in rats exposed to electric fields compared to the control group.
Nazıroğlu M et al. · 2012
Researchers divided rats into four groups: a cage control, a sham control, a group exposed to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation, and a group exposed to the same radiation while also receiving melatonin. The radiation-exposed groups received that exposure for 60 minutes per day for 30 days, after which brain cortex and dorsal root ganglion samples and EEG recordings were collected. Lipid peroxidation, cell viability, and cytosolic calcium values in dorsal root ganglion neurons were higher in the radiation-only group than in the control groups. The melatonin-plus-radiation group showed lower EEG spike numbers and higher brain cortex vitamin E concentration compared with the radiation-only group.
Megha K et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed male Fischer-344 rats to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz microwave radiation for 30 days at 2 hours per day to evaluate oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and inflammation in the brain. Compared with sham-exposed animals, microwave-exposed rats showed significant impairment in cognitive function and oxidative stress in brain tissues. A significant increase in the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha was also observed following microwave exposure.
Fragopoulou AF et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of two sources of electromagnetic fields on the proteome of the cerebellum, hippocampus, and frontal lobe in Balb/c mice following long-term whole body irradiation. Across both exposure types, 143 proteins showed significantly altered expression, ranging from as low as 0.003 fold downregulation up to 114 fold overexpression. The altered proteins included neural function related proteins, heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and proteins of brain metabolism across nearly all brain regions studied.
Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kizil G, Kizil M, Cakir DU, Yokus B · 2012
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 10 months, then measured beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde levels were found to be higher in the brains of exposed rats. Only the increase in protein carbonyl was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Khalil AM, Gagaa M, Alshamali A. · 2012
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to mobile phone radio frequency radiation from a GSM signal generator at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 1.0 W/kg for 2 hours. Urinary levels of 8-oxodG, described as one major form of oxidative DNA damage, were significantly elevated in exposed rats compared to controls at most time points.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on bovine lung membrane carbonic anhydrase. A 75 Hz field decreased enzyme activity by 17% with a threshold of about 0.74 mT. The effect was independent of exposure duration and completely reversible. Solubilizing the enzyme with Triton eliminated the field effect, indicating the membrane linkage is essential.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed cultured human dermal papilla cells to 1,763 MHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg. IGF-1 mRNA expression was significantly induced, leading to increased BCL-2 and CCND1 proteins and increased phosphorylation of MAPK1. Exposure for 1 hour per day over 7 days significantly enhanced hair shaft elongation in ex vivo hair organ cultures. In follicular matrix keratinocytes, Ki-67 expression increased and TUNEL signaling decreased. The authors suggest that 1,763 MHz RF exposure stimulates hair growth in vitro through IGF-1 induction in dermal papilla cells.
Yakymenko I, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Chekhun V. · 2011
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to a 2.45 GHz microwave field for two hours per day over 60 days. They also applied a 100 Hz pulsed electromagnetic field to some groups, either alone or combined with the microwave exposure. Microwave exposure significantly increased caspase and creatine kinase levels and decreased testosterone and melatonin. Pulsed electromagnetic field exposure relieves the effect of microwave exposure by inducing Faraday currents.
Kumar NR, Sangwan S, Badotra P. · 2011
The study examined the effect of cell phone radiation on biomolecules in adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L). Exposed bees initially showed reduced motor activity and increased concentrations of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, then migrated en masse toward the phone. At later exposure stages, biomolecule concentrations declined slightly, and the researchers concluded that cell phone radiation influences honey bee behavior and physiology.
Türker Y et al. · 2011
Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups, with three groups receiving 2.45-GHz radiation for 60 minutes per day over 28 days. Radiation exposure increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamins A, C, and E in heart tissue.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2011
Researchers examined the relationship between iron status, EMF exposure, and brain oxidative stress in young adult rats. They exposed rats to iron overload, 150 kHz EMF, or both, and measured lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. Iron overload alone stimulated antioxidant defenses in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex but did not cause oxidative stress. EMF exposure alone increased lipid peroxidation mainly in the cerebellum without affecting antioxidant defenses. Combined exposure further increased lipid peroxidation compared to EMF alone and abolished the antioxidant defense increase from iron overload alone.
Garaj-Vrhovac V et al. · 2011
The study examined workers occupationally exposed to pulsed microwave radiation from marine radars. Comet assay parameters (mean tail intensity 0.67 vs 1.22, moment 0.08 vs 0.16) and micronucleus test parameters showed statistically significant differences between exposed and unexposed groups. Glutathione concentration was significantly lower in exposed workers (1.24 vs 0.53) while malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher (1.74 vs 3.17), indicating oxidative stress. Electromagnetic field strength was measured at marine radar frequencies of 3 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 9.4 GHz with specific absorption rate values determined.
Hajnorouzi A et al. · 2011
The researchers hypothesized that an appropriate combination of a geomagnetic field as a static field and an alternative magnetic field may promote maize seedling growth by alleviating excess reactive oxygen species production. The seeds were germinated in the magnetic field for 4 days and then allowed to grow in a nutrient solution for another 4 days. Magnetic field-treated seedlings grew faster, had lower superoxide dismutase activity, and higher total antioxidant capacity than controls. The maintenance of membrane integrity and a decrease of iron content in treated seedlings suggest that the combined static and alternative magnetic fields promote growth by lowering iron absorption, reducing Fenton chemistry, and lowering oxidative burst risk.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed three human brain cell lines and primary cortical neurons to the EDGE signal at 1800 MHz. Four exposure conditions were tested: 2 and 10 W/kg for 1 and 24 hours. Reactive oxygen species production was measured by flow cytometry using the DCFH-DA probe. All cells tested responded to rotenone treatment by increasing ROS production. The EDGE signal did not induce oxidative stress under any test condition, including at 10 W/kg.
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2011
