López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Kuybulu AE et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats pre- and post-natally to 2.45 GHz wireless electromagnetic fields. The study included pre-natal, post-natal, and sham exposure groups. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal groups, and tubular injury was detected in most post-natal specimens. Pre-natal exposure showed low Bax and high Bcl-2 staining in kidney cortex and medulla, with higher Bcl2/Bax ratios than sham.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group received a 900-MHz field for one hour each day throughout adolescence while the sham group was placed in the same cage without exposure. The EMF-exposed rats had fewer pyramidal neurons, more pyknotic neurons, higher malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and lower catalase levels than the other groups.
Kerimoğlu G, Aslan A, Baş O, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2016
Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. · 2016
The review examined 27 studies on RF-EMR effects on the male reproductive system. Eleven of 15 studies on sperm motility reported significant declines, all seven studies measuring ROS found elevated levels, and four of five studies on DNA damage reported increased damage. RF-EMR reduced antioxidant levels in all six studies that assessed them, and antioxidant supplementation ameliorated effects in all three studies that tested it.
Fatma M. Ghoneim, Eetmad A. Arafat. · 2016
Lai HC, Chan HW, Singh NP · 2016
Researchers exposed three human cancer cell lines to RFID microchip-emitted radiofrequency field for one hour. The radiofrequency energy effectively killed or retarded the growth of all three cancer cell types. The effect was blocked by pretreatment with a spin-trap compound or an iron chelator. An inactive microchip and external energy source had no significant effect on the cells.
Kunt H et al. · 2016
Researchers measured bone mineral density, thyroid hormones, and oxidative stress markers in electrical workers and controls. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae and femur was significantly lower in the exposed workers. Serum ALP, phosphor, RANK, RANKL, TOS, OSI, and left thyroid lobe diameter were higher, while OPG, TAS, and FT4 were lower in the exposed group.
Asghar T, Jamil Y, Iqbal M, Zia-Ul-Haq, Abbas M · 2016
The study examined how laser light and magnetic field pre-sowing treatments affect soybean seeds and seedlings during early growth stages. Both treatments significantly increased specific enzyme activities, biochemical contents, and chlorophyll contents compared to untreated seeds. Magnetic field treatment showed slightly higher effects than laser treatment except for protease, amylase, and ascorbic acid.
Shehu A, Mohammed A, Magaji RA, Muhammad MS · 2016
Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 animals each. The animals in groups II to V were exposed to a 10 min call consisting of 30 missed calls of 20 s each per day for 4 weeks. Open arm duration was significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared with the control. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in group IV and group V compared with the control.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
The study examined how radiofrequency radiation affects glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. RF exposure alone marginally affected cell proliferation but significantly increased glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Glutamate raised ROS levels and RF exposure further increased ROS production. NAC treatment completely abrogated glutamate- and RF-induced ROS production and cell death, restoring cell proliferation. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor restored cell proliferation.
İkinci A et al. · 2016
The study began with 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 3 weeks, divided equally into control, sham, and EMF exposure groups. EMF group rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. Biochemistry showed significantly increased malondialdehyde and glutathione in the EMF group versus control and sham, while catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher in both sham and EMF groups versus control. Light microscopy revealed spinal cord atrophy, vacuolization, myelin thickening, and perikarya irregularities in the EMF group. Transmission electron microscopy showed loss of myelin sheath integrity, invagination into the axon, and broad vacuoles in axoplasm.
Wyszkowska J, Shepherd S, Sharkh S, Jackson CW, Newland PL. · 2016
Researchers exposed desert locusts to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and measured effects on behaviour, physiology, and stress proteins. Exposure above 4 mT led to reduced walking in the locusts. Recordings from the fast extensor tibiae motor neuron showed increased spike latency and a broadening of its spike in exposed animals, hind leg kick force was reduced, and stress-protein levels (Hsp70) increased.
Zhu W, Cui Y, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Wang H, Lv S. · 2016
Rats were treated with 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 50, 100, 150, or 200 mW/cm(2) for 6 min. Microwave treatment increased malondialdehyde content while decreasing antioxidative stress enzymes, activities of enzyme complexes I-IV, and ATP in myocardial tissues. Irradiated myocardial cells exhibited structural damage and underwent apoptosis. The researchers suggested that microwave irradiation could induce myocardial cell apoptosis by interfering with oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism.
Şahin D et al. · 2016
The main finding was increased oxidative DNA damage in the brain after 10 days of exposure, while after 40 days oxidative DNA damage was decreased compared to control groups. A decreased level of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA was also observed after 40 days of exposure.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Male rats were divided into control, sham, and EMF-exposed groups, with the EMF group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day between postnatal days 21 and 59. Biochemical analysis showed increased malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels, and reduced glutathione and catalase levels in the EMF-exposed group compared to controls. The percentage of apoptotic myocardial cells in the EMF-exposed group was higher than in either the sham or control groups, and electron microscopy revealed altered Z band structure, decreased myofilaments, and pronounced vacuolization.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2016
Researchers studied whether cellular phone radiation affects oxidative stress and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Eight-week-old mice were divided into groups: a PTZ-only control group, a group exposed to 15 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment, and a group exposed to 30 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels increased significantly in the radiation-exposed groups compared to the control group, while glutathione levels were significantly lower in those same groups.
Yin C, Luo X, Duan Y, Duan W, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X · 2016
Researchers investigated whether lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could protect primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons from extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity. ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with control. LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage, and the researchers concluded this occurred through inhibiting oxidative stress and a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Wu SX, Xu YQ, Di GQ, Jiang JH, Xin L, Wu TY · 2016
Researchers exposed male mice to environmental static electric fields for 35 days and measured antioxidant enzyme activity in liver homogenates. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in both exposed groups on the 7th and 35th days, while glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and malonaldehyde showed only minimal changes. The researchers concluded that there was a weak relationship between exposure to environmental static electric fields and hepatic oxidative stress in living organisms.
Tang R, Xu Y, Ma F, Ren J, Shen S, Du Y, Hou Y, Wang T · 2016
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on a lung metastatic melanoma mouse model and on the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Tumor-bearing mice were exposed to ELF-MFs at 0.4 T and 7.5 Hz for 2 hours per day for 27 days. Metastatic tumor burden in the lung was significantly decreased after ELF-MF treatment, and expressions of MMP2, MMP9, and Foxp3 in lung nodules significantly decreased in the ELF-MF group. In cell experiments, ELF-MF treatment reduced the Treg cell differentiation rate from 32.0% to 22.1%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited p-AKT in T cells.
Martínez MA, Úbeda A, Moreno J, Trillo MÁ · 2016
Researchers investigated how power frequency magnetic fields affect cell proliferation in NB69 cells and the role of p38 and JNK kinases and reactive oxygen species in that response. NB69 cultures were exposed to a 100 µT magnetic field, either intermittently for 24, 42 or 63 hours, or continuously for periods of 15 to 120 minutes, with or without p38 or JNK inhibitors and an antioxidant. Field exposure induced transient activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2, but only the p38 inhibitor blocked the proliferative effect. The antioxidant NAC blocked the field effects on cell proliferation and p38 activation, but not those on ERK1/2 activation.
Mahmoudinasab H, Sanie-Jahromi F, Saadat M · 2016
Researchers designed the study to evaluate the effect of EMFs on the mRNA levels of seven antioxidant genes in human MCF-7 cells. Three exposure patterns were tested at two field intensities, 0.25 mT and 0.50 mT, each with a total exposure time of 30 minutes. The MTT assay showed no cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells under any of the three exposure conditions at either field intensity. Under the 15-min-on/15-min-off pattern, the 0.50 mT intensity was associated with more up- or down-regulated genes than 0.25 mT, a statistically significant difference (P=0.041), while no such difference was found for the other two exposure patterns.
Luo X et al. · 2016
Researchers tested whether lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could protect mice against oxidative stress caused by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure. Mice were exposed to ELF-EMF at 8 mT, 4 hours per day for 28 consecutive days, and blood and cerebral cortex were analyzed for antioxidant indices. LSPCs treatment augmented SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST activity and significantly lowered MDA levels.
Kesari KK, Juutilainen J, Luukkonen J, Naarala J. · 2016
Hu Y et al. · 2016
