Hancı H, Yenilmez E, Demir S, Yıldırım M, Gedikli Ö, Kaya H · 2025
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields (similar to cell phone radiation) for one hour daily throughout pregnancy. They found that this prenatal EMF exposure caused lasting damage to peripheral nerve development in the offspring, with structural changes still visible when the rats reached adulthood. While nerve function wasn't completely impaired, the study demonstrates that EMF exposure during pregnancy can cause permanent developmental changes.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used 21 New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups of seven, with a control group and two groups exposed to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz radiation. Exposure was maintained at a constant power intensity of 15 dBm for 38 minutes per day under non-thermal conditions with RF levels about ten times lower than normal. Blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed by measuring Evans blue dye in brain tissue using spectrophotometry at 620 nm. No statistically significant difference was found for 1800 MHz exposure, but 2100 MHz exposure produced a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level with a decrease in EB values.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed mice to 5G signals at 3.5 GHz for six weeks, finding no changes in behavior, memory, or anxiety levels. However, the radiation did alter gene expression in brain cells, particularly affecting genes related to brain communication pathways. The study shows 5G can cause biological changes even when behavioral effects aren't obvious.
Narayanan SN et al. · 2025
Male albino Wistar rats aged four weeks were exposed to 900 MHz radiation from a cellphone for four weeks at one hour per day. In the contextual fear conditioning test, the RF-EMR exposed group showed considerably elevated bright and dark compartment transitions and a significant decrease in latency to enter the dark compartment. Apoptosis was apparent in the CA3 region and perivascular space was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the radiation-exposed group. Lymphocytic infiltrates, congested sinusoids, and apoptotic-like changes were evident in the zona fasciculata, while the cytoarchitecture of the adrenal medulla was comparable in all three groups.
Unknown authors · 2025
Swiss researchers exposed 34 people to 5G signals (3.6 GHz and 700 MHz) for 30 minutes before sleep and monitored their brain waves during sleep. They found that people with a specific genetic variant showed altered brain wave patterns (faster sleep spindles) only when exposed to 3.6 GHz 5G radiation. This suggests that genetic differences may determine how sensitive individuals are to 5G's effects on brain activity during sleep.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed 9-day-old chicken embryos to Wi-Fi radiation (2.4 GHz) for the entire incubation period and found cellular damage in developing kidney tissue. While overall organ development appeared normal, the radiation caused degenerative changes, increased cell death, and altered gene expression in the mesonephros (embryonic kidney). This suggests Wi-Fi radiation can disrupt normal tissue development even at low power levels.
Altun G, Kaplan S · 2025
This study exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation (similar to 2G/3G frequencies) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy, then examined brain changes in their male offspring. Researchers found fewer neurons in key appetite-control brain regions, increased anxiety behaviors, and altered expression of genes linked to obesity. Neither melatonin nor omega-3 supplements protected against these effects.
Unknown authors · 2025
Temperature was the dominant factor, with optimal development at 30–32 °C. RF exposure at 18 GHz accelerated development at intermediate temperatures, but extreme RF and suboptimal temperatures prolonged development. Aedes aegypti was more sensitive to temperature changes than Aedes albopictus.
Sailo L et al. · 2025
Researchers gave a symptom questionnaire to 183 highly exposed and 126 reference residents matched on demographics in a hilly city in Mizoram, India. They measured RF-EMF levels in residents' lounge rooms and compared symptoms between those living closer than 300 meters and farther than 400 meters from base stations. Residents living closer reported more symptoms in all four health categories, and higher exposure levels were the only factor predicting the number of symptoms.
Dom NC, Dapari R, Halim NMHNA, Rahman ATA · 2025
Gautam R, Jha N, Tomar AK, Nirala JP, Arora T, Rajamani P · 2025
The exposed group received 35.5 GHz millimeter wave radiation for 2 hours per day over 60 days. Exposure significantly reduced sperm viability and count and caused morphometric changes in testicular tissue. Lipid peroxidation increased while superoxide dismutase, total sulfhydryl levels, and total antioxidant capacity decreased in exposed rats. DNA damage measured by comet assay was significantly increased in the exposed group.
Yilmaz H, Tümkaya L, Mercantepe T, Yılmaz A, Gül F, Suzan ZT · 2025
Researchers exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to 5.9 GHz electromagnetic fields for two hours daily over 30 days. The EMF exposure caused histopathological damage including edema, vascular congestion, inflammation, and loss of sperm cells. EMF exposure also increased oxidative stress markers and endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins in testicular tissue. Coenzyme Q10 treatment reversed both the histopathological and biochemical changes caused by EMF exposure.
Gautam R, Jha N, Tomar AK, Nirala JP, Arora T, Rajamani P · 2025
Researchers exposed male rats to 35.5 GHz millimeter wave radiation (similar to 5G frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 60 days. The exposed rats showed significant decreases in sperm count and viability, increased DNA damage in testicular tissue, and elevated oxidative stress markers. This study suggests that chronic exposure to 5G-type frequencies may harm male reproductive function through cellular damage mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed human neuroblastoma cells to 26.5 GHz 5G electromagnetic fields using a reverberation chamber system. The study evaluated cell cycle and DNA damage, with DNA damage also tested in combination with menadione. The authors state further investigations are needed varying exposure and biological parameters.
Unknown authors · 2025
Michelant L et al. · 2025
Researchers conducted a randomized, triple-blind crossover study in 31 healthy young adults. Participants received a 26.5-minute exposure to 26 GHz electromagnetic fields at 2 V/m in real and sham sessions separated by one week. No significant modulation of EEG frequency bands was observed during eyes-closed conditions following 26 GHz exposure.
Gautam R, Jha N, Tomar AK, Nirala JP, Arora T, Rajamani P · 2025
Researchers exposed male rats to 35.5 GHz millimeter waves (5G frequency) for 2 hours daily over 60 days. The radiation significantly reduced sperm count and viability while increasing DNA damage and oxidative stress in testicular tissue. This study adds to growing evidence that 5G frequencies may harm male fertility through cellular damage mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers continuously exposed chicken embryos to Wi-Fi radiation at 2.4 GHz and 300 µW/m² for 9 and 14 embryonic days. Standard haematoxylin and eosin staining showed no notable differences in large blood vessel structure between exposed and control groups. Special staining methods revealed an adverse effect of Wi-Fi on the fibrous elements of the vessel wall. Elastic fiber optical density decreased significantly at both 9 and 14 embryonic days, while collagen fiber optical density increased at day 9 and decreased at day 14.
Yilmaz H, Tümkaya L, Mercantepe T, Yılmaz A, Gül F, Suzan ZT · 2025
Researchers exposed rats to 5.9 GHz 5G radiation for 2 hours daily for 30 days and found significant damage to testicular tissue, including loss of sperm cells and increased cellular stress markers. When rats were also given coenzyme Q10 supplements, the testicular damage was largely prevented. This suggests 5G frequencies may harm male reproductive health through oxidative stress.
Levitt et al · 2025
De Borre E, De Massia C, Boone MN, Müller P, Thielens A · 2025
Er H, Basaranlar G., Derin N., Kantar D, Ozen S. · 2025
Researchers exposed adult rats to 2100 MHz RFR for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for either 1 week or 10 weeks, with sham controls. In the 1-week exposure group, all auditory brainstem response wave latencies were prolonged, oxidative stress markers increased, and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. Acute exposure also caused edema in neurons, astrocytes, and astrocytic end-feet, as well as mitochondrial damage in astrocytes. The 10-week exposure group showed no harmful effects on the auditory system.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers evaluated the impact of 2.45GHz Wi-Fi radiation exposure for 4 hours daily over a consecutive 30-day period on neurobehavioral and brain oxidative stress parameters in adult zebrafish. Post-exposure assessments revealed significant neurobehavioral impairments, altered locomotion, decreased neurotransmitter levels (AChE), and increased oxidative stress.
Günay S, Delen K, Özkan ET, Kuzay Aksoy D, Sırav Aral B · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
The study evaluated the in-vitro impact of simultaneous exposure to 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz signals on neuronal electrical activity, mitochondrial ROS production, and cellular stress protein responses. Primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts were exposed at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg for 15 minutes or 24 hours, respectively. No significant effects were found on the mean bursting rate or mean firing rate of cortical neurons, mitochondrial ROS production in fibroblasts remained unaffected, and HSF1 basal activity and responsiveness to MG132 showed no change. BRET assays detected only minor, inconsistent variations in RAS and PML basal activity and drug responsiveness, near the detection threshold.
