Platano D et al. · 2007
Italian researchers exposed rat brain cells to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by GSM cell phones) for short periods to see if it affected calcium channels, which are crucial for nerve cell communication. They found no changes in how calcium moved through these channels, even at radiation levels of 2 W/kg. This suggests that brief cell phone-level exposures may not immediately disrupt this particular aspect of brain cell function.
Shirai T et al. · 2007
Pregnant F344 rats received a single dose of ENU on gestational day 18. Rats were exposed to a 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signal for 90 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 104 weeks starting at 5 weeks of age. Brain average specific absorption rates were designed to be .67 and 2.0 W/kg for low and high exposures, respectively. The incidence and numbers of brain tumors in female rats exposed to 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signals showed tendencies to increase but without statistical significance, and overall no significant increase in incidences or numbers was detected in either males or females.
Juutilainen J, Heikkinen P, Soikkeli H, Mäki-Paakkanen J. · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers tested 84 young healthy adults on two forced-choice tasks to detect a GSM mobile phone field at 902 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz. Participants completed 600 trials across three conditions per task with a monetary prize for 75% accuracy, but performance was no better than chance and no one won. Two participants scored 97% and 94% in one condition but failed to replicate the result in a retest one month later. Six participants who reported being able to perceive the field performed no better than others.
Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed human-derived cell lines TK6, HL60, and Mono-Mac-6 to intermittent 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 hours at SARs of 0, 1, and 10 W/kg. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle kinetics were measured immediately after exposure and 18 hours later. Cytokine expression (TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12) was also assessed. No detectable changes in cell viability, cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, or cytokine expression were observed in any exposed group compared to sham controls. The positive heat-shock control showed decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and a G(2)/M cell cycle block.
Sanchez et al. · 2007
The study investigated heat-shock protein expression and apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The exposure used a GSM-1800 signal at 1800 MHz with 217 Hz modulation for 48 hours at an SAR of 2 W/kg. The GSM-1800 exposure produced no effect on either cell type, while UVB radiation and heat shock injured cells. The authors concluded that the GSM-1800 signal does not act as a stress factor on human primary skin cells in vitro.
Tahvanainen K et al. · 2007
Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers examined the effect of RF field exposure on late onset gene expression in U87MG cells after a 24 h exposure period. A human monocyte-derived cell line (MM6) was exposed to intermittent RF fields for 6 h and gene expression was assessed immediately and at 18 h postexposure. Both cell lines were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 or 24 h at SARs of 0.1-10.0 W/kg. The study found no evidence that nonthermal RF field exposure altered gene expression in either U87MG or MM6 cells relative to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 h altered the expression of well-characterized heat-shock proteins in both cell lines.
Ning W, Xu SJ, Chiang H, Xu ZP, Zhou SY, Yang W, Luo JH · 2007
Researchers cultured hippocampal neurons from rats and exposed them to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves at either 2.4 or 0.8 W/kg for 15 minutes each day from DIV6 to DIV14. At 2.4 W/kg, the density and mobility of dendritic filopodia at DIV8 and the density of mature spines at DIV14 were significantly decreased, and the average length of dendrites per neuron at DIV10 and DIV14 was also decreased. Dendritic arborization was unaltered in the exposed neurons, and no significant changes were found in neurons exposed to 0.8 W/kg.
Ning W, Xu SJ, Chiang H, Xu ZP, Zhou SY, Yang W, Luo JH · 2007
Researchers exposed developing rat brain cells (hippocampal neurons) to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz for 15 minutes daily over 8 days. At the higher exposure level (2.4 W/kg), the radiation significantly disrupted normal brain cell development, reducing the formation of dendrites (the branch-like structures neurons use to communicate) and synapses (connection points between neurons). This suggests cell phone radiation during critical developmental periods could interfere with normal brain formation.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed rat heads to 1439 MHz RF-EMF for 10 minutes at three intensity doses of 0.6, 2.4, and 4.8 W/kg BASAR. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, plasma velocity, and vessel diameter using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of intravenously injected dyes from pial venules was found at any BASAR level. No significant changes in the number of endothelial-adhering leukocytes after exposure were found. Plasma velocities and vessel diameters remained constant within the physiological range throughout each exposure.
Cinel C, Boldini A, Russo R, Fox E · 2007
Saran A et al. · 2007
Two hundred Ptc1+/- mice and wild-type siblings were enrolled, and newborns were exposed to 900 MHz radiation at 0.4 W/kg average SAR for 5 days, 0.5 hours twice daily, or sham exposed. GSM-simulated RF fields did not affect survival, with no statistically significant differences between exposed and sham groups. No effects were seen on cerebellar tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, or skin proliferative lesions.
Trigano A, Blandeau O, Dale C, Wong MF, Wiart J. · 2007
Researchers tested cellular phone interference with implantable loop recorders by placing phones 1 cm from externally applied devices in 45 patients. The ILR was positioned in the left parasternal region and the telemetry wand removed after regular programming. They used GSM phones at 900 MHz with 2 W output and PCS phones at 1800 MHz with 1 W output. The artifacts occurred without causing permanent device dysfunction or reprogramming.
Irlenbusch L et al. · 2007
Researchers measured the visual discrimination threshold in 33 subjects during both RF and sham exposures. Each experiment consisted of two 30-minute periods with a 5-minute break, and the threshold was recorded every 10 seconds. The RF exposure used a 902.4 MHz GSM signal pulsed at 217 Hz with a power flux density of 1 W/m². No statistically significant difference in the threshold was found between RF and sham exposures.
Irlenbusch L et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed 33 people to GSM mobile phone signals near their eyes to test whether radiofrequency radiation affects visual sensitivity (the ability to detect light differences). Using exposure levels similar to holding a phone close to your face, they found no measurable changes in visual discrimination abilities during 30-minute exposure sessions. This suggests that typical mobile phone use doesn't immediately impair basic visual function.
Schmid G et al. · 2007
A numerical model of the human middle and inner ear was developed at 0.1 mm resolution based on a real human tissue sample. The model was inserted into a commercial head model and FDTD computations were run for handheld device exposures from 400 to 3700 MHz. Highest absorption occurred at 400 MHz with 166 microW in the labyrinth and 12 microW in the vestibulocochlear nerve for a 500 mW device. For typical mobile phone frequencies (900 MHz and 1850 MHz) and output power values (250 mW and 125 mW), absorbed RF power was more than one order of magnitude lower than the values given above. The researchers concluded that temperature-related biologically relevant effects from typical handheld devices are unlikely.
Crouzier D et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed freely moving rats for 24 hours to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency signal at low power density. The study tracked acetylcholine release in the hippocampus, EEG, EMG, and subcutaneous temperature, and also analyzed brain lipid extracts using NMR after the animals were sacrificed. No significant changes in any measured parameter were observed under radiofrequency exposure, and the NMR study also failed to show any effect.
Wang KJ, Yao K, Lu DQ. · 2007
Zhao R, Zhang S, Xu Z, Ju L, Lu D, Yao G. · 2007
Researchers investigated whether 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields could influence gene expression in rat neurons. Among 1200 candidate genes, 24 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated after 24 hours of intermittent exposure at a SAR of 2 W/kg. The researchers concluded that gene expression in rat neurons could be altered by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields under their experimental conditions.
Brillaud E, Piotrowski A, de Seze R · 2007
Researchers measured GFAP expression in rat brains 2, 3, 6, and 10 days after a single 15-minute 900 MHz GSM exposure at a brain averaged SAR of 6 W/kg. A statistically significant increase in GFAP stained surface area was observed 2 days after exposure in the frontal cortex and the caudate putamen. A smaller statistically significant increase was noted 3 days after exposure in those same areas and in the cerebellum cortex. The researchers concluded this was a temporary effect, probably due to a hypertrophy of glial cells, and noted that whether the effect could be harmful remains to be studied.
Hung CS, Anderson C, Horne JA, McEvoy P · 2007
Researchers exposed 10 healthy young adults to talk, listen, standby, or sham signal modes for 30 minutes, then gave them a 90-minute sleep opportunity. Sleep latency after talk mode was markedly and significantly delayed beyond listen and sham modes. This condition effect was also evident in 1–4 Hz EEG frontal power, a frequency range described as particularly sensitive to sleep onset. There was no condition effect for subjective sleepiness.
Kumlin T et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed young male Wistar rats to a 900 MHz mobile phone signal for 2 h/day on 5 days/week. After 5 weeks of exposure at whole-body average specific energy absorption rates of 0.3 or 3.0 W/kg or sham exposure, rats were assessed for behavioral and morphological changes. No degenerative changes, dying neurons, or effects on blood-brain barrier leakage were detected, and no group differences appeared in the open-field, plus maze, or acoustic startle response tests. In the water maze test, significantly improved learning and memory were detected in rats exposed to RF fields.
Meral I et al. · 2007
In brain tissue, the MDA level increased and GSH level and CAT enzyme activity decreased in EMF-exposed guinea pigs, while vitamins A, E, and D3 levels did not change. In blood, MDA, vitamins A, D3, and E levels, and CAT enzyme activity increased, while GSH level decreased in the EMF-exposed guinea pigs.
Hung CS, Anderson C, Horne JA, McEvoy P. · 2007
Researchers exposed sleep-deprived people to mobile phone signals for 30 minutes, then monitored their brain waves during sleep. Active phone transmissions during "talk mode" significantly delayed deep sleep onset compared to other phone modes, suggesting cell phone use can disrupt natural sleep patterns.
