Unknown authors · 2015
Iranian researchers exposed rainbow trout to 15 Hz electromagnetic fields at various intensities for one hour daily over 60 days. Fish showed improved growth, stronger immune responses, and better resistance to bacterial infection at most exposure levels. The study suggests extremely low frequency EMF may have beneficial effects on fish health.
Jankowska M et al. · 2015
Masoudian N et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed synaptosomes, used as a model of nervous terminals, to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at flux intensities from 0.1 to 2 mT and frequencies from 50 to 230 Hz. An artificial neural network program was used to analyze the raw data and predict effects across the tested range. Glutamate concentration changes fell between -35 and +40% compared to normal state, which the researchers interpreted as the glutamatergic system attempting to compensate for environmental changes.
Jin H, Yoon HE, Lee JS, Kim JK, Myung SH, Lee YS. · 2015
Researchers assessed whether combined exposure to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT or 2 mT with ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide causes genomic instability in non-tumorigenic human lung epithelial L132 cells. They examined the percentages of G2/M-arrested cells and aneuploid cells after exposures. Exposure to 0.5 Gy ionizing radiation or 0.05 mM hydrogen peroxide for 9 hours increased aneuploidy but did not cause apoptotic cell death. ELF-MF alone did not affect the percentages of G2/M-arrested cells, aneuploid cells, or subG1 phase populations. Combining ELF-MF with ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide did not further increase G2/M arrest or aneuploidy.
Jin H et al · 2015
Korean researchers exposed human lung cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) at 1-2 mT strength, both alone and combined with radiation or hydrogen peroxide. They found that magnetic fields alone caused no genetic damage, and didn't make cells more vulnerable to damage from other stressors.
Wilson JW et al · 2015
Researchers exposed seven-week-old male mice to 10, 100, or 300 μT, 50 Hz magnetic fields for 2 or 15 hours. They measured mutation frequency at the ESTR Ms6-hm locus in sperm and blood using single-molecule PCR. Blood mutation frequency did not differ from sham controls, and sperm showed a marginally significant, non-dose-dependent increase. Acute X-ray exposure produced significant mutation increases in both sperm and blood.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to a 50 Hz, 65 μT magnetic field continuously for 30 days starting at 12 days post-conception. The micronucleus test showed a slight genotoxic effect in blood erythrocytes only after the maximum exposure time, which disappeared months after exposure stopped.
Wilson JW, Haines J, Sienkiewicz Z, Dubrova YE · 2015
Researchers exposed male mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields at power line frequencies (10-300 µT) for 2-15 hours and tested for genetic mutations in sperm and blood cells. They found no significant DNA damage in blood cells and only marginal increases in sperm mutations that weren't dose-dependent. The study suggests that ELF magnetic field exposure at these levels produces minimal genetic damage compared to X-ray radiation.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers studied 5,409 adult AML cases and 27,045 matched controls across four Nordic countries from 1961 to 2005. Lifetime occupational ELF-MF exposure and electrical shock risk were assigned using job-exposure matrices based on census-reported jobs. Approximately 40% of subjects had low-level ELF-MF exposure, 7% had high-level exposure, 18% had low electrical shock risk, and 15% had high electrical shock risk. No association was observed between high ELF-MF exposure (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-1.01) or high electrical shock risk (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85-1.05) and AML compared to background exposure. Results remained unchanged in sensitivity analyses.
Yang G, Ren Z, Mei YA. · 2015
Researchers studied the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on GABAA receptor activity in rat cerebellar granule neurons. Exposing the neurons to 1 mT of the field for 60 minutes significantly increased GABAA receptor currents without modifying sensitivity to GABA. Levels of phosphorylated PKC were significantly elevated after 60 minutes of exposure, and this elevation was blocked by an EP1 receptor-specific antagonist.
Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Najafi Abedi A. · 2015
Rats were exposed to 40 Hz ELF-EMF once a day for 21 days and assessed at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after exposure. Body weight significantly increased only at one week after exposure and then decreased. Food and water intake did not change significantly, while anorexia significantly decreased at one and two weeks after irradiation. Plasma glucose significantly increased at one week but not at other time points. Movements, rearing, and sniffing were significantly decreased at day 1 after exposure, with no consistent pattern on other days.
Todorović D, Prolić Z, Petković B, Kalauzi A. · 2015
Researchers analyzed the bioelectrical activity of antennal lobe neurons in adult Morimus funereus beetles exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields of different waveforms and exposure durations. Sine wave magnetic fields did not change the reversibility factor of antennal lobe neuronal activity regardless of exposure duration, while square wave exposure for 10 and 15 minutes significantly changed the reversibility factors of the nearest neurons.
Percherancier Y et al. · 2015
Researchers used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching microscopy to measure dye diffusion between NIH3T3 fibroblasts through gap junctions. They exposed cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 0.4 or 1 mT for 24 hours and assessed direct effects on gap junctional intercellular communication. They also tested for synergism with the inhibitor phorbol ester by incubating cells with TPA for 1 hour after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure. Under these conditions, they observed neither direct inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication nor synergism with TPA-induced inhibition.
Chung YH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to an extremely low frequency magnetic field at 60 Hz and 2.0 mT for 2 or 5 days, then measured neurotransmitter levels in the cortex, striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus. The exposure produced significant differences in norepinephrine and vanillyl mandelic acid in the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus. Significant increases in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were observed in the striatum, thalamus or hippocampus, and dopamine concentration was significantly increased in the thalamus. The researchers concluded that exposure to ELF-MF may evoke changes in these brain chemicals, though the mechanisms remain to be characterized.
Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M · 2015
Researchers evaluated the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on catalase, cytochrome P450, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and protein expression in the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. A significant modulation of iNOS, CAT, and cytochrome P450 protein expression was recorded in both stimulated and non-stimulated cell lines following ELF-EMF exposure. Changes in the kinetic parameters of these enzymes in response to ELF-EMF indicated an interaction between ELF-EMF and the enzymological system.
Duan W et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed a mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line intermittently to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at intensities of 1, 2, or 3 mT, or to 1800 MHz RF-EMF in GSM-Talk mode at SAR values of 1, 2, or 4 W/kg. After 24 hours of exposure, neither ELF-EMF nor RF-EMF affected cell viability. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased DNA strand breaks at 3 mT, while RF-EMF exposure significantly induced oxidative DNA base damage at a SAR of 4 W/kg. The researchers suggest that both field types may produce genotoxicity at relatively high intensities but through different patterns of DNA damage.
Cheng Y et al. · 2015
Researchers examined the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on hippocampal neural progenitor cells cultured from embryonic and adult ischemic brains. Exposure to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 0.4 mT significantly enhanced proliferation in both embryonic and ischemic neural progenitor cells. Neuronal differentiation was also enhanced after 7 days of cumulative ELF-EMF exposure, while glial differentiation was not markedly influenced. The data suggest that ELF-EMF promotes neurogenesis of ischemic neural progenitor cells, possibly through the Akt pathway.
Chung YH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed laboratory rats to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electrical systems) for 2 to 5 days and found significant changes in brain chemistry. The magnetic field exposure altered levels of key neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine across multiple brain regions. These chemical messengers control mood, movement, attention, and other critical brain functions.
de Groot MW, van Kleef RG, de Groot A, Westerink RH · 2015
Researchers exposed primary rat cortical neurons for 7 days to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at field strengths ranging from 0 to 1000 μT, then measured cell viability, calcium levels, neurite outgrowth, and spontaneous neuronal activity. Cell viability was not affected by exposure across the full range tested, and neuronal activity appeared largely unaltered. The researchers concluded that chronic ELF-EMF exposure has only limited neurotoxic potential in vitro.
Jankowska M et al. · 2015
Researchers assumed that exposure to ELF-EMF would change the effects of a scorpion alpha toxin called LqhαIT on cockroach nerve function and on whole insects. Experiments were performed in vivo on cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and in vitro on isolated cockroach abdominal nerve cord with cerci. The exposure to ELF-EMF modified the effects of LqhαIT on activity of the cercal nerve and of the connective nerve, with a decrease in the toxin effect on the cercal nerve but an increase on the connective nerve. Biotests showed that toxicity of LqhαIT on cockroaches was reduced by the exposure to ELF-EMF at 0.7 and 7 mT.
Zhao QR, Lu JM, Yao JJ, Zhang ZY, Ling C, Mei YA. · 2015
Researchers used a mouse model to examine the effects of extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field exposure on a recognition memory task and morphological changes of hippocampal neurons. Exposure at 1 mT for 12 hours per day produced a time-dependent deficit in novel object associative recognition memory and decreased hippocampal dendritic spine density. The memory deficit was transient, observed only after exposing mice to the fields for 7 to 10 days, and occurred without changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. Over-expression of neuritin in the hippocampus using an adeno-associated virus vector significantly increased neuritin levels and dendritic spine density, and neuritin prevented the exposure-induced effect by increasing hippocampal spine density.
Duan W et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mouse sperm cells to two types of electromagnetic fields - 50 Hz extremely low frequency (like power lines) and 1800 MHz radiofrequency (like cell phones) - to compare DNA damage. They found that high-intensity ELF fields caused DNA strand breaks, while high-intensity RF fields caused oxidative DNA damage through different mechanisms. The study suggests both types of EMF can damage DNA at high exposure levels, but through distinct biological pathways.
Kesari KK, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2015
Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field for 24 hours with or without menadione co-exposure. Micronuclei, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were measured at 15, 30, and 45 days after exposure. Micronuclei levels were significantly elevated at 15 and 30 days but not at 45 days after exposure. Lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased at 30 and 45 days after exposure.
Lai J et al. · 2015
Sixty adult male rats were randomly assigned to a sham group or a 50 Hz/100 µT ELF-EMF exposure group for 24 weeks. During the exposure period, body weight, food intake, and water intake were recorded and showed no differences between groups. Behavioral tests for anxiety, depression, cognition, and memory found no effects of ELF-EMF, and brain morphology and histology were unchanged.
Unknown authors · 2015
