Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG · 2014
Researchers exposed Swiss albino mice to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 10 G) for 8 hours per day for up to 120 days to study obsessive-compulsive disorder-like behavior. OCD-like behavior was measured using the marble burying behavior test, and the results showed that the magnetic field induced time-dependent marble burying behavior on each exposure day tested. A nitric oxide precursor worsened the OCD-like behavior, while nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reduced it, with corresponding changes in nitric oxide levels.
Chen Y, Hong L, Zeng Y, Shen Y, Zeng Q. · 2014
Researchers exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts to a 50 Hz power frequency magnetic field at 2 mT across several time points and measured autophagy markers. A significant increase in autophagic markers was observed at 6 hours, including higher LC3-II levels, increased GFP-LC3 puncta formation, and increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles. The increase in autophagic markers was the result of enhanced autophagic flux and not the suppression of lysosomal function, and the autophagic process involved reactive oxygen species and was independent of the mTOR signaling pathway.
Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electric fields (like those from power lines) for up to four weeks. High-intensity exposure significantly reduced brain responses that help detect sound changes, while increasing brain damage markers. This suggests electric field exposure may impair auditory processing abilities.
Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2014
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50-Hz, 100-μT magnetic field for 24 hours, followed by a 3-hour exposure to menadione. The study aimed to investigate cellular changes occurring during the first 24 hours of magnetic field exposure and whether those changes could lead to genomic instability in the progeny of exposed cells. Magnetic field exposure was associated with increased micronuclei at 8 and 15 days after exposure, increased mitochondrial activity at 8 days, and increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation at 15 days. The researchers suggest that magnetic field exposure disturbs oxidative balance immediately after exposure, and that persistently elevated levels of micronuclei were found in the progeny of exposed cells.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (power line frequency) for 8 hours daily up to 120 days. This caused obsessive-compulsive behaviors by increasing nitric oxide levels in brain regions. The study suggests household electrical frequencies may affect brain chemistry and behavior.
Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, He Y, Fan R, Cheng Y, Sun G, Sun X. · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 28 days and found significant brain changes in the hippocampus, a region critical for memory and learning. The exposure disrupted brain chemistry by increasing glutamate levels and damaging cellular signaling pathways that are essential for proper brain function. Importantly, the study also showed that these harmful effects could be reversed with a natural antioxidant treatment.
Gao X, Wang X, Chen F, Qi H, Wang X, Ming D, Zhou P. · 2014
Researchers conducted magnetic stimulation experiments at 1 Hz and 10 mT for 20 minutes and analyzed spontaneous EEG activity from 10 subjects. Compared with a sham exposure group, EEG power in the theta band (3.5-7.5 Hz) and lower-alpha band (7.5-10 Hz) increased significantly after magnetic stimulation. In an auditory oddball task, the latency period of P300 extended and its amplitude decreased.
Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to electric fields from power lines for up to four weeks. The strongest exposure significantly impaired the brain's ability to detect sound changes, a function crucial for attention and learning, while also causing harmful cellular damage in brain tissue.
Li Y, Yan X, Liu J, Li L, Hu X, Sun H, Tian J. · 2014
Researchers exposed newborn rat nerve cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (power line frequency) for two hours. The exposure increased production of BDNF, a protein essential for nerve growth and brain health, by triggering calcium flow into cells and activating specific cellular pathways.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines for 8 hours daily up to 120 days. The mice developed obsessive-compulsive behaviors and showed increased nitric oxide levels in brain regions controlling behavior, suggesting power-frequency fields can alter brain chemistry.
Spasić S, Kesić S, Stojadinović G, Petković B, Todorović D. · 2014
Researchers studied the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF, 2 mT) and an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF, 50 Hz, 2 mT) on neuronal population activity in adult longhorn beetles Morimus funereus. The effects of prolonged and repeated ELF MF exposure on local field potentials were irreversible within the investigated time frame. The researchers did not prove with the methods used that exposure to the SMF for 5 min produces any effects on neuronal population activity.
Hwang Y, Ahn J, Mun J, Bae S, Jeong YU, Vinokurov NA, Kim P. · 2014
Researchers irradiated the ear skin of a live anesthetized mouse with pulsed THz waves and monitored the response at the cellular level using intravital laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The pulsed THz wave used was 2.7 THz with a 4 μs pulsewidth, 61.4 μJ per pulse, at a 3 Hz repetition rate, applied at an average power of 260 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes. No temperature change was detected at the skin surface, while a massive recruitment of newly infiltrated neutrophils was observed in the irradiated area after 6 hours.
Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Samy AS. · 2014
Mice were exposed to 2G ultra-high frequency radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days, with sham controls. In the exposed group, kidney weight and volume were significantly reduced in the first month, while kidney weight alone was significantly increased in the fifth month. Microscopic examination revealed dilated glomerular capillaries, increased urinary space, wider tubular lumens with reduced cell size, brush border interruption, vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and marked basal striations in distal tubules. The researchers concluded that chronic exposure to 2G cell phone radiation could cause microscopic changes in the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Lv B, Su C, Yang L, Xie Y, Wu T · 2014
Researchers recruited ten subjects for a crossover, double-blind experiment with real and sham LTE EMF exposure sessions. Each session involved 30 minutes of LTE EMF exposure (power on or off) while EEG signals were recorded from 32 channels. The study found that short-term LTE EMF exposure modulated synchronization patterns of EEG activation across the whole brain.
Davanipour Z, Tseng C-C, Lee PJ, Markides KS, Sobel E. · 2014
The study included 3050 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the H-EPESE study, and severe cognitive dysfunction was defined as an MMSE score below 10. Occupational extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure was classified using a methodology from earlier studies. Univariate odds ratios were 3.4 for high exposure and 1.7 for medium or high exposure, with similar results in multivariate models. Interactions between medium/high or high exposure and smoking history or age group were statistically significant, particularly for those aged 75 and older. The authors concluded that high or medium/high occupational exposure may increase the risk of severe cognitive dysfunction, and that smoking and older age may increase the deleterious effect.
Tök L, Nazıroğlu M, Doğan S, Kahya MC, Tök O. · 2014
Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four groups, with one group exposed to Wi-Fi at 2.45 GHz for 60 minutes daily over 30 days and another group receiving melatonin during the same exposure. Lipid peroxidation was slightly higher in the Wi-Fi group than in controls, and glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the Wi-Fi group. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and increased both glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione levels compared with the Wi-Fi group.
Davanipour Z, Tseng C-C, Lee PJ, Markides KS, Sobel E. · 2014
Researchers studied over 3,000 elderly Mexican Americans to see if working in jobs with high magnetic field exposure (like electricians or welders) was linked to severe cognitive problems. They found that people who worked in high magnetic field occupations were 3.4 times more likely to develop severe cognitive dysfunction, with the risk being even higher for older adults and smokers. This is the first study to specifically examine the connection between workplace magnetic field exposure and severe cognitive decline in older adults.
Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Yaghmaei P, Tavakoli H. · 2014
Researchers exposed male rats to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at 1 Hz and 5 Hz to study effects on stress hormones and behavior. They found that these exposures altered stress hormone levels (increasing ACTH while decreasing noradrenaline) and changed glucose metabolism differently depending on the frequency used. The study demonstrates that even very low frequency EMF exposures can disrupt the body's stress response system in measurable ways.
Jovanovic D, Bragard G, Picard D, Chauvin S. · 2014
Researchers used three 3G HSPA smartphones from different manufacturers to make 220 two-minute calls on a national mobile network in Paris between 28 July and 04 August 2011. The SYRPOM measuring equipment recorded radiation power levels and frequency bands at a sampling rate of 20,000 per second. The mean normalized power was 0.75% of maximum for 3G VoIP calls and 0.22% for 3G VoCS calls. The very low average power levels indicate that RF exposure from 3G devices with VoIP or VoCS is far from exceeding the basic restrictions of current SAR exposure limits.
Tök L, Nazıroğlu M, Doğan S, Kahya MC, Tök O. · 2014
Turkish researchers exposed rats to Wi-Fi radiation (2.45 GHz) for one hour daily over 30 days and found it caused oxidative stress in the eye lens, similar to cellular damage from aging or toxins. When rats were given melatonin supplements, the antioxidant significantly reduced this Wi-Fi-induced damage. This suggests that common Wi-Fi exposure may harm delicate eye tissues, but natural protective compounds could help defend against such effects.
Kang KA et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed U87, PC12, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to combined radiofrequency radiation at 837 MHz CDMA and 1950 MHz WCDMA with a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg each for 2 hours. They also tested co-exposure with hydrogen peroxide or menadione and measured intracellular reactive oxygen species using flow cytometry with a fluorescent probe. Combined RF radiation alone did not consistently affect ROS levels in a time-dependent manner, and co-exposure with hydrogen peroxide or menadione showed no statistically significant change compared to the chemicals alone.
de Groot MW, Kock MD, Westerink RH. · 2014
Researchers investigated acute (30 min) and sub-chronic (48 h) exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF on naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells. Acute exposure up to 1000 μT did not affect basal or depolarization-evoked calcium levels in naïve cells. Sub-chronic exposure up to 1000 μT had no consistent effects on calcium homeostasis, ROS production, or membrane integrity in naïve cells. In chemically stressed cells, both acute and sub-chronic exposure also failed to exert consistent effects on calcium homeostasis, ROS production, and membrane integrity. The authors concluded that exposure up to 1000 μT does not induce neurotoxic effects in vitro in either cell type.
Li Y, Zhang C, Song T. · 2014
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to Morris water maze training, ELF-MF exposure (50 Hz, 100 microT), or combined training and exposure for 90 days, with normal rats as controls. Previous training improved spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze and this effect lasted at least 90 days. However, this improvement was not observed during the probe trial. ELF-MF exposure did not significantly differ from controls and did not interfere with training-related improvements.
Sorahan T, Mohammed N · 2014
The mortality experienced by a cohort of 73,051 employees of the former Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales was investigated for the period 1973–2010. Poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks (rate ratios) of developing any of the three diseases under investigation for categories of lifetime, distant (lagged) and recent (lugged) exposure. No statistically significant trends were shown for risks of any of these diseases to increase with estimates of lifetime, recent or distant exposure to magnetic fields. There is no convincing evidence that UK electricity generation and transmission workers have suffered elevated risks from neurodegenerative diseases as a consequence of exposure to magnetic fields.
de Groot MW, Kock MD, Westerink RH. · 2014
Researchers exposed nerve cells (PC12 cells) to 50 Hz magnetic fields at levels up to 1,000 microtesla for periods ranging from 30 minutes to 48 hours. They tested both healthy cells and chemically-stressed cells that were more vulnerable to damage. The magnetic field exposure caused no detectable effects on calcium levels, cellular damage, or oxidative stress in either type of cell.
