Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation exposure levels at two television stations in Ghana to assess worker safety. They found radiation levels generally below occupational safety limits, but some areas had exposures 4.3 times higher than limits set for the general public. This highlights potential health risks for broadcast workers in high-exposure zones.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation levels at two television stations in Ghana to assess worker exposure. They found RF levels ranging from 0.006 to 58.5 volts per meter, which stayed below occupational safety limits but exceeded public exposure guidelines by over 4 times in some areas. This highlights how broadcast facilities can create significant EMF exposure zones that affect both workers and nearby communities.
Court-Kowalski S et al · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz (4 W/kg) for 5 days per week over 2 years, then examined their brains for signs of glial cell activation. The study found no detectable changes in astrocytes (brain support cells) compared to unexposed control mice, suggesting no inflammatory brain response occurred.
Eris AH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed ten male Wistar Albino rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation at 15.14 V/m for 45 minutes and measured blood serotonin and glutamate levels before and after. Blood plasma serotonin and glutamate levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. A single 45-minute exposure significantly increased blood serotonin levels but did not change glutamate levels.
Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015
The researchers extended a previous study by testing for effects at different SAR levels, both 900 and 1800 MHz, and both continuous wave and pulse modulated RF radiation. Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and exposed to RF radiation in a transverse electromagnetic cell or a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain numerical analyses were used to estimate the forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate and genotoxicity. No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after exposure to CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
Court-Kowalski S et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 104 weeks, five days per week. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages. No change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining was found in exposed mice compared to controls.
Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015
Researchers exposed rat bone marrow to mobile phone radiation at 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies to test for genetic damage and effects on blood cell production. They tested both continuous and pulsed signals at power levels ranging from 2 to 12.4 watts per kilogram. The study found no significant changes in cell growth or DNA damage in the bone marrow cells after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed the cortex of juvenile and young adult rats to 1457 MHz RF at 2.0 W/kg for 50 minutes. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability in the pia mater using intravital fluorescence microscopy. No significant difference in dye extravasation was found between exposed and sham-exposed groups, and no albumin leakage was detected after exposure.
Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed young rats to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation to measure oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids in the left and right cerebral cortex. Radiation exposure lasted 30 minutes per day for up to 27 days, with a specific absorption rate ranging from 1.32 to 1.14 W/kg. In neonates, no modification of the biomarkers tested was detected, while 6-day-old exposed rats showed increased carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex and decreased blood glucose. The researchers concluded that the elevated carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex did not appear to be a consequence of oxidative stress.
Kottou S et al. · 2015
Researchers measured electromagnetic fields in indoor dwellings across Attica, Lesvos, and Zakynthos, taking 4540 measurements from 50 Hz to 2100 MHz. Significant differences in electric field values were also found between geographic locations. RF electric field maximums were mostly below 0.5 V/m but occasionally reached up to 5.6 V/m, while ELF magnetic fields stayed below 1 μT. The study states that it may be concluded that overall the observed indoor EMF intensity values remained well below domestic and European established limits.
Ozgur E et al. · 2015
Scientists exposed guinea pigs to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for seven days and found it significantly reduced SOD, a protective antioxidant enzyme in liver tissue. Surprisingly, two common antioxidant supplements caused cellular damage when used alone, showing radiation's complex effects on cellular protection.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers measured indoor radiofrequency exposure at 343 locations in Hebron. The maximum total power density was about 2.3 × 10 W m with an exposure quotient of about 0.01, well below the ICNIRP limit. FM radio contributed 46% of the exposure quotient, GSM900 26%, DECT phones 15%, WLAN 9%, unknown sources 3%, and TV broadcasting 1%.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation exposure in 343 indoor locations across Hebron, Palestine, from sources like cell towers, FM radio, WiFi, and cordless phones. While all measurements fell below international safety guidelines, FM radio contributed nearly half of total indoor RF exposure, with outdoor sources accounting for 73% of indoor radiation levels.
Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. · 2015
Researchers tracked the movement of 10 pairs of guppies and 15 pairs of zebrafish in a fish tank under a cell phone-generated RF EMF. Fish locomotion was observed under normal conditions, in the visual presence of a cell phone, after feeding, and under starvation. Fish locomotor behavior was random both in normal conditions and in the presence of an off-signaled cell phone, but there were significant changes in locomotion after feeding under the RF EMF. The researchers also demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed effects.
Wang D et al. · 2015
Exposure significantly reduced progressive sperm motility and viability and increased sperm head defects. Early apoptosis was higher after exposure, while DNA methylation of the H19 ICR and KvDMR1 imprinting genes did not change significantly.
Zhao YL et al. · 2015
Mice were exposed to whole-body 2100 MHz microwaves at SARs of 0.45, 1.8, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. GO analysis showed the genes were involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, and cellular component organization. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in ribosome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington's disease, and Neurotrophin signaling pathways.
Olgar Y et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz EMF for 2 hours per day over 10 weeks and compared them with sham-exposed rats. They measured sarcomere shortening, Ca2+ transients, and L-type Ca2+ currents in isolated ventricular myocytes. Exposure did not alter fractional shortening or Ca2+ transient amplitude, but reduced the isoproterenol-induced L-type Ca2+ current response while basal current density remained similar. Nitric oxide levels in heart tissue were significantly increased after EMF exposure.
Ma HR, Ma ZH, Wang GY, Song CM, Ma XL, Cao XH, Zhang GH. · 2015
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a radiated group exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation 4 hours per day for 18 consecutive days. Serum levels of ALT and AST did not change significantly in the radiated group compared to the normal group. Liver malondialdehyde content increased and glutathione content decreased in the radiated group. Histopathology revealed diffuse hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation, and focal necrosis. Bax protein expression was higher, bcl-2 protein expression was lower, and hepatocyte apoptosis rates were higher in the radiated group.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Kuzay D, Ozer C, Seyhan N. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between micronuclei frequency and RF radiation in exfoliated bladder cells of diabetic and non-diabetic rats using three groups of six animals each. The RF exposure was 2100 MHz with a whole-body average SAR of 0.24 W/kg and an ERMS field of 17.5 V/m at non-thermal levels. No statistically significant differences in micronuclei frequency were found between any of the groups, including between RF-exposed diabetic rats and non-exposed diabetic rats, and between RF-exposed diabetic rats and non-diabetic controls. The authors concluded that the study suggested no possible genotoxic effects of RF radiation in humans, especially those with chronic disorders such as diabetes.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed frog embryos to cell phone radiation at 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies, similar to GSM signals, to test for developmental damage. While radiation alone caused minimal harm, combining it with nicotine created severe abnormalities and death in the embryos. This suggests that smoking while using cell phones may amplify health risks.
Unknown authors · 2015
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed frog embryos to cell phone-like radiation at 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies, finding minimal developmental problems from radiation alone. However, when combined with nicotine exposure, the radiation caused dramatic abnormalities and death in the developing embryos.
Barteri M et al. · 2015
The study examined the effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure on the catalytic activity of lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Experimental evidence indicates that irradiation causes conformational changes of the active sites and influences the formation and stability of intermediate free radicals, as shown by enzyme kinetics, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
Barteri M et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed two important enzymes (lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase) to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation, the same frequency used by many cell phones. The radiation altered the enzymes' structure and function, changing how they catalyzed chemical reactions and affecting the stability of free radicals they produce. This suggests that RF radiation can directly interfere with fundamental biological processes at the molecular level.
Megha K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Fischer rats to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz microwave radiation for 30 days at 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, with specific absorption rates of 5.953 × 10−4 and 5.835 × 10−4 W/kg respectively. Levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin were measured in the hippocampus using LC–MS/MS. Exposed animals showed significant reductions in DA, NE, E and 5-HT, and significant downregulation in mRNA expression of TH, TPH1, and TPH2 compared with sham-exposed animals (p < 0.05).
