Budak GG et al. · 2009
Researchers studied 18 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits, randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant and nine non-pregnant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, while the remaining rabbits were not exposed. Cochlear function was measured using distortion product otoacoustic emissions at frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. In pregnant rabbits, DPOAE amplitudes did not differ between exposed and unexposed groups except at 2.0 kHz. In non-pregnant rabbits, exposed animals showed lower DPOAE amplitudes at 1.0 to 4.0 kHz compared to unexposed animals.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed 18 male and 18 female rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1000 microT, 100 microT, and 0 microT, and another 18 male and 18 female rats to 1.8 GHz fields at 50 V/m, 25 V/m, and 0 V/m. They measured glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Different effects on circadian rhythms were observed, with changes in those haematochemical parameters (P < 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2009
Italian researchers exposed rats to both 50 Hz magnetic fields (like power lines) and 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields (like cell phones) at various intensities. They found that both types of EMF exposure disrupted the natural daily rhythms of blood chemistry markers including glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. This suggests EMF exposure interferes with fundamental biological timing systems that regulate metabolism.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to different electromagnetic fields - 50 Hz magnetic fields at power line frequencies and 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields similar to cell phones. They found that both types of EMF exposure disrupted the natural daily rhythms of blood chemistry markers like glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. This suggests EMF exposure interferes with fundamental biological timing systems.
Unknown authors · 2009
Italian researchers exposed rats to both 50 Hz power line magnetic fields (at household appliance levels) and 1.8 GHz cell phone radiation, then measured blood chemistry markers like glucose and cholesterol throughout 24-hour cycles. Both types of EMF disrupted the animals' natural daily rhythms of these important metabolic markers. This suggests EMF exposure may interfere with fundamental biological timing systems that regulate metabolism.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
The aim was to test if exposure used in mobile phones and wireless network technologies would induce DNA damage in cultured human lymphocytes with and without a known clastogen. Lymphocytes from six donors were exposed to 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) continuous waves, or 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) pulsed waves (200 Hz pulse frequency, 50% duty cycle). Mitomycin C was added to half of the cultures. No statistically significant differences were observed between control and exposed cultures. A weak trend for more chromosomal damage with the interaction of pulsed fields with mitomycin C compared to a constant field was observed.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Lipping T et al. · 2009
Eleven pigs were anaesthetized to a burst-suppression EEG level and exposed to a GSM mobile phone signal at 890 MHz. In phase I, EMF stimulation was randomly switched on and off to study the relation between EEG bursts and EMF onsets and endpoints. In phase II, continuous RF stimulation at 31 W/kg was applied for 10 minutes while ECG, EEG, and subcutaneous temperature were recorded. No correlation between exposure and EEG burst occurrences was observed in phase I, and no significant EEG changes were found in phase II. Subcutaneous temperature increased by 1.6°C and heart rate by 14.2 bpm on average during the 10-minute exposure periods.
Lipping T et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed eleven anesthetized pigs to mobile phone radiation at 890 MHz to test whether radiofrequency signals could trigger brain activity changes in a highly sensitive state. They found no correlation between RF exposure and brain wave patterns, though the animals experienced significant temperature increases (1.6°C) and elevated heart rates during the 10-minute exposures. This suggests that while RF radiation can cause heating effects, it may not directly stimulate brain activity even under conditions of heightened neural sensitivity.
Cao Y, Xu Q, Lu MX, Jin ZD, DU HB, Li JX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
Researchers treated male Kunning mice with low-dose microwave radiation before exposing them to gamma-ray irradiation, then measured survival, blood parameters, and markers of bone marrow activity. Mice pre-exposed to 120 microW/cm² 900 MHz microwave had a higher 30-day survival rate and more white blood cells compared with gamma-ray-treated mice that did not receive microwave pre-exposure. The microwave pre-exposure group also showed increases in thymus and spleen organ indexes, bone marrow cell proliferation activity, CFU-GM hematopoietic foci numbers, and serum concentrations of GM-CSF and IL-3. The researchers suggested that low-dose microwave radiation may exert potential antagonistic effects on hematopoietic injuries induced by ionizing radiation.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Researchers studied the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal maturation using two in vitro models: murine SN56 cholinergic cells and rat primary cortical neurons. Cells were exposed at 1 W/kg at 900 MHz GSM modulated, and neurite emission, outgrowth, and branching were examined at multiple time points. RF-EMF exposure reduced the number of neurites in both cell systems, and this reduction correlated with increased expression of beta-thymosin mRNA.
Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. · 2009
Researchers investigated whether bee venom could protect against DNA damage caused by 915-MHz microwave radiation in Wistar rat lymphocytes. Whole blood lymphocytes were treated with 1 μg/mL bee venom before irradiation, and comet assays were used to assess basal and oxidative DNA damage. Bee venom showed a decrease in DNA damage compared with irradiated samples, and was found to have a radioprotective effect against both basal and oxidative DNA damage.
Luukkonen J et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation at 5 W/kg for 1 hour, combined with menadione, a chemical that induces intracellular ROS production and DNA damage. Continuous-wave RF radiation increased DNA breakage compared to cells exposed only to menadione, and ROS levels were higher at 30 and 60 minutes after exposure ended. No effects of the GSM signal were seen on either ROS production or DNA damage.
Bas O, Odaci E, Kaplan S, Acer N, Ucok K, Colakoglu S · 2009
Researchers investigated the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of 16-week-old female rats following postnatal exposure to 900 MHz EMF. Rats in the EMF group were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 28 days, with a SAR ranging from 0.016 (whole body) to 2 W/kg (locally in the head). Postnatal EMF exposure caused a significant decrease of the pyramidal cell number in the CA, and cell loss was also visible at qualitative observation.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers evaluated whether 900 MHz GSM phone exposure changed a brain electrical measure called the initial contingent negative variation (iCNV) in healthy volunteers using a double blind design. Ten healthy right-handed volunteers were evaluated, each recorded during a 10 min time interval in each of the three experimental conditions: a real emitting phone, a sham phone whose power was dissipated internally, and a phone switched off. The iCNV amplitude decreased and habituation increased during both the real and sham phone conditions compared with the off condition, with no significant prevalence of iCNV amplitude reduction on the left side, where the phones were located.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed developing brain cells to cell phone radiation at the same power level your phone uses during calls (1 W/kg SAR). The radiation significantly reduced the number of neural branches that normally grow as brain cells mature, suggesting cell phone signals may interfere with normal brain development. This finding raises concerns about wireless exposure during critical periods of brain development in children and adolescents.
Nittby H et al. · 2009
Rats were exposed in TEM-cells for 2 hours at non-thermal specific absorption rates of 0, 0.12, 1.2, 12, and 120 mW/kg, and albumin extravasation over the blood-brain barrier, neuronal albumin uptake, and neuronal damage were assessed. Albumin extravasation was enhanced in the mobile phone exposed rats compared to sham controls after a 7-day recovery period, with a significant result at the SAR value of 12 mW/kg. There was a low but significant correlation between the exposure level and the occurrence of focal albumin extravasation.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L · 2009
Researchers exposed 41 volunteers to a 30 min GSM 890 MHz signal at an average specific energy absorption rate distribution of 1.0 W/kg in the temporal area of the head. S100B showed no statistically significant increase, while transthyretin showed a statistically significant increase in the final blood sample 60 min after the end of the provocation compared to the sample taken immediately after provocation (p = 0.02). The researchers noted that the clinical significance of this finding, if any, is unknown.
Kumar RS, Sareesh NN, Nayak S, Mailankot M. · 2009
The study aimed to determine whether mobile phone exposure causes changes in rat behavior on the elevated plus maze. Rats were divided into control and exposure groups of six each. Exposed rats were tested at one hour and 24 hours after exposure, while controls were tested with the 24-hour group. The researchers stated that preliminary results indicate mobile phone exposure induced a deficit in open arm exploration on the elevated plus maze.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M · 2009
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 50 missed calls per day for four weeks from a GSM mobile phone in vibratory mode. After exposure, the rats were tested for spatial memory using the Morris water maze test. Both exposed and control rats decreased their escape time with training. Phone-exposed rats had about three times higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant and spent about two times less time in it than controls.
Mailankot M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male albino Wistar rats to RF-EMR from an active GSM mobile phone for one hour daily over 28 days. Exposed rats had significantly reduced sperm motility but no change in total sperm count. RF-EMR exposure also increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione levels in the testis and epididymis. Facial temperature did not change significantly during exposure.
Adang D, Remacle C, Vorst AV. · 2009
Researchers exposed four-month-old Wistar albino rats to two different microwave frequencies and exposure modes for 2 hours a day, seven days a week, over 21 months. They measured leucocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mortality rate. After three and eight months, monocytes differed by about 20% in the 970-MHz continuous wave group; after 14 and 18 months, white blood cells increased about 15% and neutrophils about 25%; lymphocytes fell about 15% at 18 months. Mortality in exposed groups increased after 21 months at age 25 months and reached almost twice the sham-exposed value by age 28 months.
Atay T et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones operating at 900 to 1800 MHz on bone mineral density of the human iliac bone wings in 150 male volunteers. Participants were divided into two groups based on the iliac side exposed to electromagnetic waves (group 1) and the unexposed side (group 2). The mean daily phone carriage duration was 14.7 hours and the mean duration of phone use was 6.2 years. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements showed slightly lower values on the exposed side but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and values were not as low as in osteopenia or osteoporosis.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers studied thirty-six infant male New Zealand rabbits divided into four groups with different exposure regimens. Group 2 received extrauterine exposure for 15 minutes daily over 14 days, Group 3 received intrauterine exposure for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, and Group 4 received both exposures. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured across frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. Extrauterine exposure alone decreased emission amplitudes at 4.0 and 6.0 kHz compared with controls. Combined intrauterine and extrauterine exposure increased amplitudes at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.0 kHz relative to controls and the extrauterine group.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to mobile phone signals for 4 weeks (50 missed calls daily) and then tested their ability to navigate a water maze to find a hidden platform. The phone-exposed rats took three times longer to find the target area and spent half as much time in the correct location compared to unexposed rats. This suggests that mobile phone radiation may impair spatial memory and learning abilities.
