Lahijani MS, Bigdeli MR, Kalantary S. · 2011
Researchers exposed chicken embryos to magnetic fields similar to power lines before incubation and studied their brain development for 14 days. The exposed embryos showed significant brain damage including increased cell death and tissue breakdown compared to unexposed controls. This suggests that magnetic field exposure during critical development periods can harm the developing nervous system.
Deltour I et al. · 2011
Researchers analyzed how mobile phone radiation (SAR) spreads through the head using 120 different phones across multiple frequency bands (800-1800 MHz). They found that phones with similar external features don't necessarily produce similar radiation patterns in the brain, making it difficult to predict exposure levels based on phone appearance alone. This research was conducted to help improve large-scale health studies like Interphone that investigate links between mobile phone use and brain cancer.
Kos B, Valič B, Kotnik T, Gajšek P. · 2011
Researchers used computer modeling to study how radiofrequency radiation from cell tower antennas affects the human body at different distances. They found that higher frequency signals (like those used for 3G networks) create more concentrated energy absorption in body tissues, while lower frequencies spread their effects more evenly throughout the body. The study shows that workers standing very close to these antennas face different exposure risks than those further away.
Ibitoye ZA, Aweda AM. · 2011
Nigerian researchers measured radiofrequency radiation levels around cell phone towers and broadcast antennas in Lagos City to assess public safety. They found power density levels ranging from 0.219 to 302.4 milliwatts per square meter, which were 20 to 50 times below international safety limits set by ICNIRP and IEEE. The study concluded that people staying at least 6 meters away from these antennas face minimal health risks from RF exposure.
Keshvari J, Heikkilä T. · 2011
Researchers used detailed computer models of real Nokia phones to compare how much radiofrequency energy (SAR) is absorbed by children's versus adults' heads during phone calls. They found no systematic differences between child and adult SAR levels when using the same phone model, but discovered that the specific phone design and antenna structure are the most important factors determining energy absorption patterns.
Partsvania B, Sulaberidze T, Shoshiashvili L, Modebadze Z · 2011
Scientists exposed mollusk nerve cells to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for one hour. While the neurons still fired normally, they responded faster to stimulation after exposure. This shows cell phone radiation can alter how quickly individual nerve cells process information, even temporarily.
Partsvania B, Sulaberidze T, Shoshiashvili L, Modebadze Z · 2011
Scientists exposed mollusk neurons to 900-MHz cell phone radiation at low levels. While the neurons' basic function remained normal, they responded to signals significantly faster during exposure. This suggests cell phone radiation can alter how quickly nerve cells process information, even temporarily.
Kwon MK, Nam KC, Lee da S, Jang KH, Kim DW. · 2011
Researchers exposed 20 people (10 who claimed electromagnetic hypersensitivity and 10 who didn't) to smartphone radiofrequency radiation at 1950 MHz for 30 minutes in a controlled, double-blind study. They monitored heart and breathing patterns during exposure but found no measurable changes in either group. This suggests that short-term smartphone RF exposure at typical levels doesn't immediately affect basic cardiovascular or respiratory functions.
Gasmelseed A. · 2011
Researchers modeled how electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and WiFi (at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz) is absorbed differently by eyes with common vision problems like nearsightedness and farsightedness. They found that the structural differences in these eyes create more complex patterns of energy absorption compared to normal eyes. This suggests people with vision disorders may experience different levels of electromagnetic exposure to their eye tissues.
Trosić I et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (915 MHz) for one hour daily over two weeks and measured DNA damage in brain, liver, and kidney cells using the comet assay. They found measurable DNA breaks in liver and kidney cells, with slight increases in brain cells compared to unexposed control animals. This suggests that repeated exposure to cell phone-type radiation can cause genetic damage at the cellular level.
Carballo-Quintás M et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone-level 900 MHz radiation for 2 hours, then gave them a seizure-inducing drug called picrotoxin. They found that the combination of radiation and the drug caused significantly more brain cell activation and inflammatory responses than either exposure alone. This suggests that EMF radiation may make the brain more vulnerable to other toxic substances.
Dragicevic N et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed mice to 918 MHz electromagnetic fields daily for one month. The treatment dramatically boosted brain cell energy production by 50-150% in Alzheimer's mice and improved function in normal mice, suggesting EMFs might protect against cognitive decline.
Favre D · 2011
Researchers placed active mobile phones near honeybee colonies and recorded the bees' sounds to see if cell phone radiation affected their behavior. They found that phones operating at 900 MHz caused bees to produce 'worker piping' signals, which normally indicate either preparation for swarming or that the colony is under stress. This suggests that cell phone radiation can disrupt normal bee communication and behavior patterns.
Leung S et al. · 2011
Researchers tested how 2G and 3G cell phone signals affect brain function in teenagers and adults during 55-minute exposures. They found 3G signals reduced memory accuracy in teenagers, while both signal types altered brain wave patterns in all age groups, showing measurable impacts on brain processing.
Noor NA, Mohammed HS, Ahmed NA, Radwan NM · 2011
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation daily and found significant disruptions in brain neurotransmitters (chemical messengers between brain cells). Both adult and young animals showed altered brain chemistry patterns across multiple brain regions, potentially explaining neurological symptoms some people experience from mobile phone use.
Ntzouni MP, Stamatakis A, Stylianopoulou F, Margaritis LH. · 2011
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation at human-level intensities and tested their memory recognition abilities. Mice showed significant memory problems, especially when exposed during the 17-day period when memories form. This suggests mobile phone radiation may interfere with the brain's memory formation processes.
Volkow ND et al. · 2011
Researchers measured brain activity in 47 healthy people while they held cell phones to their ears for 50 minutes. They found that brain glucose metabolism (a measure of brain activity) increased by 7% in the area closest to the phone's antenna. While the study authors called the health significance 'unknown,' this demonstrates that cell phone radiation does measurably affect brain function at typical usage levels.
Calabrò E, Condello S, Magazù S, Ientile, R. · 2011
Italian researchers exposed human brain cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (like power lines) for three hours and found cellular damage including membrane changes, potential DNA harm, and protein breakdown indicating cell death, providing evidence that power-frequency fields can damage neural cells.
He LH, Shi HM, Liu TT, Xu YC, Ye KP, Wang S. · 2011
Researchers exposed adult rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for either 1 or 4 hours daily over 4 weeks. Rats exposed for 4 hours showed increased anxiety-like behaviors but surprisingly improved spatial learning and long-term memory. This suggests that chronic exposure to power frequency magnetic fields can alter brain function in complex ways, affecting both emotional and cognitive processes.
Shin EJ, Nguyen XK, Nguyen TT, Pham DT, Kim HC. · 2011
Researchers exposed mice to magnetic fields from power lines for one hour daily over two weeks. The exposure caused hyperactivity and altered brain chemistry in areas controlling movement and reward, with changes lasting up to a year, suggesting these fields can permanently affect brain function.
He LH, Shi HM, Liu TT, Xu YC, Ye KP, Wang S. · 2011
Researchers exposed adult rats to 50-Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for either 1 or 4 hours daily over 4 weeks. They found that rats exposed for 4 hours showed increased anxiety-like behaviors but also improved spatial learning and long-term memory. This suggests that extremely low frequency magnetic fields can affect both emotional and cognitive brain functions, even at relatively short daily exposure periods.
Aydin B, Akar A. · 2011
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900-MHz) for 2 hours daily over 45 days. They found significant cellular damage in immune organs like the spleen and bone marrow, with young rats experiencing more severe harm than adults, suggesting developing immune systems face greater vulnerability.
Aly H., Ashraf & deris, Safaai & Zaki, Nazar. (2011). · 2011
Researchers exposed human white blood cells to 1800 MHz cell phone radiation and found the immune cells moved 50% faster than normal, changed direction, and rapidly altered shape within 2.5 minutes, suggesting immediate disruption of normal immune function.
Monselise EB, Levkovitz A, Gottlieb HE, Kost D. · 2011
Researchers exposed duckweed plants to radio waves from AM antennas for 24 hours. The plants produced alanine, a chemical stress marker, with stronger radiation creating more stress. Vitamin C prevented this damage, suggesting the radiation creates harmful free radicals that stress living cells.
Kaprana AE et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed rabbits to cell phone radiation for one hour and measured brain activity that processes hearing. They found radiation significantly delayed nerve signals after just 15 minutes of exposure. Effects disappeared within 24 hours, showing cell phone radiation temporarily disrupts normal auditory brain function.
