Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed young male rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (WiFi frequency) for 3 hours daily over 30 days and found significant damage to testicular tissue, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and reduced sperm production. The antioxidant gallic acid helped protect against these harmful effects when given alongside the radiation exposure.
Unknown authors · 2016
Turkish researchers exposed young male rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (WiFi frequency) for 3 hours daily over 30 days and found significant testicular damage including reduced sperm counts, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress. The natural antioxidant gallic acid provided protective effects against this reproductive harm.
Falone S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed SK-N-BE(2) drug-resistant human neuroblastoma cells to a pulsed electromagnetic field and then challenged the cells with hydrogen peroxide to measure oxidative stress responses. The PEMF increased MnSOD-based antioxidant protection and reduced ROS production in response to a pro-oxidant challenge. The researchers suggested their work might lay foundation for the development of non-invasive PEMF-based approaches aimed at elevating endogenous antioxidant properties in cellular or tissue models.
Unknown authors · 2016
Duong CN, Kim JY · 2016
Researchers studied whether EMF exposure could protect a human microglial cell line, HMO6, from cell death caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), a model of ischemic injury. HMO6 cells were cultured for 4 hours under OGD with or without exposure to EMF at different combinations of frequencies and intensities, and cell survival, intracellular calcium, and ROS levels were measured. Among the combinations tested, 50 Hz/1 mT EMF was the most potent at reducing OGD-induced cell death and lowering intracellular calcium and ROS levels. A significant but less potent protective effect was also found at 10 Hz/1 mT, while no protective effect was found at other combinations.
Kesari KK, Juutilainen J, Luukkonen J, Naarala J. · 2016
Hu Y et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed genetically modified mice with Alzheimer's disease to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50Hz, 500μT) for three months daily. The magnetic field exposure improved cognitive function, reduced brain cell death, and decreased tau protein abnormalities that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that controlled magnetic field exposure might have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative conditions.
Calabrò E. · 2016
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells to a 50 Hz magnetic field and examined protein changes using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. After exposure, the vibration bands of the methylene group increased significantly, and a significant shift to low energies of the Amide I band was observed. An increase in the intensity of parallel and antiparallel β-sheet structures relative to the α-helix component was also observed after exposure. The authors interpreted these results as suggesting that both protein aggregation and increased hydrogen bonding occurred in the exposed neuronal-like cells.
Feng B, Qiu L, Ye C, Chen L, Fu Y, Sun W. · 2016
Researchers exposed human amniotic epithelial cells to a 50-Hz magnetic field at 0.4 mT and examined mitochondrial permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. Exposure to the magnetic field at 0.4 mT for 60 min transiently induced mitochondrial permeability transition and Cyt-c release, although there was no significant effect on mitochondrial membrane potential. Cells exposed to the magnetic field showed increased intracellular reactive oxidative species levels and GSK-3β dephosphorylation, and the induced mitochondrial permeability transition was attenuated by a ROS scavenger or GSK-3β inhibitor.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for up to 120 days and found it caused significant anxiety-like behavior. The study identified that these fields disrupt brain chemistry by affecting NMDA receptors and increasing glutamate levels in key brain regions. This suggests that long-term exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields can alter brain function and behavior.
Gläser K et al. · 2016
Researchers irradiated human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and HL-60 cells at GSM (900 MHz), UMTS (1,950 MHz), and LTE (2,535 MHz) frequencies, at intensities ranging from 0 to 4 W/kg SAR, for short and long exposure periods. Studied endpoints included apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair. In all but one endpoint, no clear effect of mobile phone radiation was detected; the only alteration was a small but statistically significant decrease in DNA damage in HSC exposed to GSM modulation for 4 hours.
Kuybulu AE et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats pre- and post-natally to 2.45 GHz wireless electromagnetic fields. The study included pre-natal, post-natal, and sham exposure groups. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal groups, and tubular injury was detected in most post-natal specimens. Pre-natal exposure showed low Bax and high Bcl-2 staining in kidney cortex and medulla, with higher Bcl2/Bax ratios than sham.
Tang R, Xu Y, Ma F, Ren J, Shen S, Du Y, Hou Y, Wang T · 2016
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on a lung metastatic melanoma mouse model and on the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Tumor-bearing mice were exposed to ELF-MFs at 0.4 T and 7.5 Hz for 2 hours per day for 27 days. Metastatic tumor burden in the lung was significantly decreased after ELF-MF treatment, and expressions of MMP2, MMP9, and Foxp3 in lung nodules significantly decreased in the ELF-MF group. In cell experiments, ELF-MF treatment reduced the Treg cell differentiation rate from 32.0% to 22.1%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited p-AKT in T cells.
Falone S et al. · 2016
Researchers investigated whether hyperproliferation induced by a 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF magnetic field in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells is supported by improved defense against methylglyoxal and by rewiring of energy metabolism. The ELF magnetic field interfered with the biology of these malignant cells by further de-differentiating the cellular phenotype and increasing proliferative activity. The magnetic field also triggered cytoprotective mechanisms, including enhanced defense against methylglyoxal and more efficient management of metabolic energy, presumably to support rapid cell outgrowth.
Nakayama M, Nakamura A, Hondou T, Miyata H · 2016
Researchers measured DNA single-strand breaks, cell viability, and nitric oxide production in macrophage RAW264 cells exposed to a 0.5-mT, 50-Hz magnetic field for 24 hours with or without LPS stimulation. The magnetic field alone did not alter nitric oxide production. The combined effect of LPS and magnetic field was not mediated by LPS-induced nitric oxide production.
Unknown authors · 2016
The study evaluated the protective effect of lotus seedpod procyanidins against extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure at 50 Hz, 8 mT for 28 days. LSPCs increased the organ index of mice and restored damaged blood-producing function and cytokine levels including INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the spleen to normal. LSPCs also inhibited splenocyte stagnation in G0/G1 phase, promoted proliferation, reduced apoptosis, prevented DNA content decline, and reversed changes in Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 expression.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed human lens epithelial cells to a 50 Hz ELF MF at 0.4 mT or sham exposure. DNA damage was assessed using γH2AX foci formation assay, western blot, flow cytometry, and alkaline comet assay. No significant increase in γH2AX foci formation was observed after exposures up to 48 hours, γH2AX expression levels did not differ between exposure groups, and no chromosomal DNA fragmentation was detected.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Zhu W, Cui Y, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Wang H, Lv S. · 2016
Rats were treated with 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 50, 100, 150, or 200 mW/cm(2) for 6 min. Microwave treatment increased malondialdehyde content while decreasing antioxidative stress enzymes, activities of enzyme complexes I-IV, and ATP in myocardial tissues. Irradiated myocardial cells exhibited structural damage and underwent apoptosis. The researchers suggested that microwave irradiation could induce myocardial cell apoptosis by interfering with oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism.
Unknown authors · 2016
The study randomized 867 workers with or without exposure to 110-420 kV power lines into green tea polyphenol or placebo groups. Urinary 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG were measured to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage. Exposed workers had significantly higher levels of both markers, which decreased after 12 months of supplementation. The protective effect was lost three months after stopping supplementation.
Rauš Balind S, M. · 2016
Feng B, Dai A, Chen L, Qiu L, Fu Y, Sun W. · 2016
Researchers exposed human amniotic epithelial (FL) cells to a 50-Hz magnetic field to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind magnetic field-induced epidermal growth factor receptor clustering. Exposing FL cells to the magnetic field at intensities higher than 0.2 mT for 15 minutes enhanced total reactive oxygen species production. Blocking the NADPH oxidase enzyme with the inhibitor DPI suppressed magnetic field-induced cytoplasmic superoxide production and subsequent EGFR clustering, while mitochondrial superoxide production was not affected.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers investigated the effects of ELF magnetic fields together with 4 chemical mutagens using the bacterial Vitotox test. A 100 μT magnetic field at 50 Hz did not damage DNA and was not mutagenic in the assay. The magnetic field also did not influence the DNA-damaging capacity of the chemical mutagens.
Gok DK et al. · 2016
Researchers divided Wistar albino female rats into four groups: a control group, a prenatal-exposure group, a postnatal-exposure group, and a combined prenatal-plus-postnatal-exposure group. Pregnant rats in the prenatal and combined groups were exposed to a 50 Hz electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day during pregnancy, while postnatal animals were exposed for 68 days after birth. The latencies of visual evoked potential components were significantly prolonged in all exposed groups compared with controls. Retina TBARS levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in all experimental groups compared with controls.
Gok DK et al. · 2016
Scientists exposed pregnant rats to 50 Hz electric fields from power lines and tested their offspring's brain responses as adults. The exposed rats showed delayed neural processing for vision and touch, plus increased brain damage markers, suggesting developmental electric field exposure causes lasting nervous system changes.
