Kitchen EMF Research

Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: a potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure

Unknown authors · 2008

Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: a potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (similar to WiFi frequency) at very low power levels for 3 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed significant learning and memory problems, along with elevated stress hormones and brain cell death in the hippocampus. When researchers blocked the stress hormone pathway, the cognitive damage was partially prevented.

Chronic non-thermal exposure of modulated 2450 MHz microwave radiation alters thyroid hormones and behavior of male rats.

Sinha RK · 2008

Researchers exposed male rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation and assessed thyroid hormones and behavior. Exposed rats showed hyperactivity and aggression, with significant changes in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. Thyroid hormone levels changed, with T3 decreasing and T4 increasing, correlating with behavioral changes.

The protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate on electric field-induced hepatic oxidative stress.

Guler G, Turkozer Z, Tomruk A, Seyhan N · 2008

Extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields enhance chemically induced formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)sites in A172 cells.

Koyama S, Sakurai T, Nakahara T, Miyakoshi J · 2008

Researchers measured apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in human glioma A172 cells after exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, genotoxic chemicals, or both. ELF magnetic fields alone produced no difference in AP sites compared with sham controls. The results suggest that the number of AP sites induced by MMS or H2O2 is enhanced by exposure to ELF magnetic fields at 5 millitesla (mT).

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and extremely-low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields: a study in the SOD-1 transgenic mouse model

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers used the SOD-1 mouse model to assess the possible effect of ELF magnetic fields on ALS development. Seven mice per group were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100 and 1000 microT(rms) before clinical signs of ALS appeared. Exposure lasted 7 weeks while body weight, motor performance, and life span were monitored. The results showed no evidence of a link between ELF exposure and ALS in this transgenic animal model.

Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on antioxidant activity in plasma and red blood cells in spot welders

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers studied 46 spot welders exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz, 8.8-84 microTesla) and found their red blood cells had significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activity compared to unexposed workers. The study showed a 22% decrease in superoxide dismutase and 12.3% decrease in glutathione peroxidase, suggesting these magnetic fields act as oxidative stressors even at recommended exposure levels.

Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on antioxidant activity in plasma and red blood cells in spot welders

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers studied 46 spot welders exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz, 8.8-84 microTesla) and found their red blood cells had significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activity compared to unexposed workers. The stronger the magnetic field exposure, the greater the reduction in protective enzymes that normally defend cells against oxidative damage.

Assessing the Potential Leukemogenic Effects of 50 Hz and their Harmonics Using an Animal Leukemia Model

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers used a rat model of chemically induced B acute lymphoblastic leukemia to test effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields with and without harmonics. The experiment included 280 rats and compared body weight, survival time, bone marrow blast cells, cumulative leukemia incidence, and leukemia type between exposed and unexposed groups. No significant differences were found for any parameter (p > 0.05). Results did not support the hypothesis that ELF-MFs, with or without harmonics, affect the development of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

Exposure of Fischer 344 rats to a weak power frequency magnetic field facilitates mammary tumorigenesis in the DMBA model of breast cancer

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers exposed groups of 108 DMBA-treated Fischer 344 rats to a 100 muT, 50 Hz magnetic field or sham exposure for 26 weeks. MF exposure significantly facilitated mammary tumorigenesis. The incidence of histologically verified adenocarcinomas was increased by 45% (P = 0.0095). The most pronounced effect on tumor incidence was seen in the cranial inguinal complexes.

Assessing the Potential Leukemogenic Effects of 50 Hz and their Harmonics Using an Animal Leukemia Model

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers exposed 280 rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields (100 microT) while chemically inducing leukemia to test whether power line frequencies promote cancer development. The study found no differences in survival, leukemia incidence, or disease progression between exposed and unexposed animals. This suggests that power line frequency magnetic fields do not accelerate leukemia development in this animal model.

Exposure of Fischer 344 rats to a weak power frequency magnetic field facilitates mammary tumorigenesis in the DMBA model of breast cancer

Unknown authors · 2008

Researchers exposed Fischer 344 rats to power line frequency magnetic fields (100 µT at 50 Hz) for 26 weeks after treating them with a cancer-causing chemical. The magnetic field exposure increased breast cancer rates by 45% compared to unexposed rats. This study suggests that common household and power grid magnetic fields may promote breast cancer development.

Microwave irradiation induces neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Inoue S, Motoda H, Koike Y, Kawamura K, Hiragami F, Kano Y. · 2008

Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation at 200 W increased neurite outgrowth frequency about 10-fold compared to non-irradiated controls. The increase was prevented by adding a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Microwave treatment did not cause toxicity, unlike heat shock at 45°C.

Effects of exposure to 50 Hz electric field at different strengths on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain tissue of guinea pigs.

Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2008

Researchers aimed to evaluate the effects of varied 50 Hz electric field exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in guinea pig brain homogenates. Guinea pigs were exposed to electric fields ranging from 2 to 5 kV/m for three days, eight hours per day, in both vertical and horizontal directions. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and sham groups in lipid peroxidation levels or enzyme activities at any field strength or direction. Comparisons between vertical and horizontal exposure directions also showed no significant differences.

Effects of exposure to 50 Hz electric field at different strengths on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain tissue of guinea pigs.

Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N · 2008

Researchers exposed guinea pigs to powerful electric fields (the kind found near high-voltage power lines) for 8 hours daily over three days to see if it would damage brain tissue through oxidative stress. They found no statistically significant effects on brain cell damage markers or antioxidant defenses, even at the highest exposure levels tested. While this suggests these particular electric field exposures may not cause measurable brain oxidative damage in the short term, the researchers noted some non-significant trends that warrant further investigation.

Physiologically patterned weak magnetic fields applied over left frontal lobe increase acceptance of false statements as true.

Ross ML, Koren SA, Persinger MA. · 2008

Researchers tested whether a weak magnetic field pulsed over the left prefrontal brain region at the moment of accepting or refuting a statement could increase the likelihood of later accepting a false statement as true. Fifty men and women were each exposed to one of four magnetic field conditions, or a sham field, over the left prefrontal region above the eyebrow. Groups that received the burst-firing or 25 Hz pulsed fields during the refutation process accepted about twice the number of false statements as true compared to those in the 50 Hz or sham-field conditions. The treatments did not significantly affect the numbers of true statements accepted as false.

Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields effects on the snail single neurons.

Partsvania B, Sulaberidze T, Modebadze Z, Shoshiashvili L. · 2008

Researchers studied how extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at 8.34 and 217 Hz affected the ability of single neurons in the mollusk Helix Pomatia to habituate to repeated stimuli. Brain ganglia were exposed to magnetic fields with peak values between 1 and 6 mT using Helmholtz coils, and neuron activity was recorded with a standard microelectrode technique. Exposure caused dehabituation, which the researchers described as occurring through degradation of the signal to noise ratio and alteration of the neuron's normal function.

The mechanism of magnetic field-induced increase of excitability in hippocampal neurons.

Ahmed Z, Wieraszko A. · 2008

Researchers investigated the influence of a pulsed magnetic field on hippocampal evoked potentials in vitro. Exposure to a pulsed magnetic field at 0.16 Hz and 15 mT, applied for 30 minutes, amplified the population spike and the slope of EPSP recorded from hippocampal tissue. The amplification was additive to previously induced long-term potentiation and occurred in an NMDA-independent way. The pulsed magnetic field also modified paired-pulse facilitation and paired-pulse inhibition, suggesting it affects both excitatory and inhibitory processes in the hippocampus.

Chronic exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields causes a significant weakening of antioxidant defence systems in aged rat brain

Falone S et al. · 2008

Researchers continuously exposed female Sprague-Dawley rats to a sinusoidal 50 Hz, 0.1 mT magnetic field for 10 days. The study examined antioxidant protection systems and neurotrophic support in brain cortices, as a function of the age of the subjects. Exposure significantly affected antioxidant capability in both young and aged animals, but in opposite ways. The researchers suggested that exposure to these fields may act as a risk factor for oxidative stress-based nervous system pathologies associated with ageing.

Effect of electric field in conditioned aversion response.

Harakawa S et al. · 2008

Researchers examined how a 50 Hz sinusoidal electric field affected the voluntary behavior of Wistar rats using a conditioned place aversion response based on an aversive behavior against light environment. Rats conditioned without the electric field spent significantly less time in the white place, while rats conditioned with the electric field did not show such changes. The researchers considered that the aversion response to the light environment was interfered by exposure to the electric field.

Anxiogenic effect of chronic exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field in adult rats.

Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. · 2008

The study investigated whether anxiety levels could be affected by repeated extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) exposure of different daily durations. Rats exposed for 4 h/day showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test, without changes in locomotor activity, but showed no effect in the light/dark box test. Rats exposed for 1 h/day showed no effect in any of the tests.

Chronic exposure to low-intensity magnetic field improves acquisition and maintenance of memory.

Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. · 2008

Researchers tested spatial learning and memory in rats using the Morris water maze after four weeks of daily exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field of 2 mT for either one or four hours. Chronic exposure reduced the time rats took to find a hidden platform and improved long-term memory of the platform's former location. Short-term memory and motor activity were not affected.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure during chronic morphine treatment strengthens downregulation of dopamine D2 receptors in rat dorsal hippocampus after morphine withdrawal.

Wang X et al. · 2008

Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (20 Hz, 14 mT) for one hour per day before daily morphine injections for 12 days, then measured dopamine D2 receptor density in the dorsal hippocampus during withdrawal. Morphine withdrawal alone significantly lowered D2 receptor density compared to saline controls, and ELF-EMF exposure during morphine treatment further reduced receptor density on the first and third withdrawal days. In both groups, D2 receptor density tended to recover as the number of withdrawal days increased.

Effects of various extremely low frequency magnetic fields on the free radical processes, natural antioxidant system and respiratory burst system activities in the heart and liver tissues.

Canseven AG, Coskun S, Seyhan N · 2008

Researchers exposed guinea pigs to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1, 2, and 3 mT for 4 h/day and 8 h/day for 5 days, measuring malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, and myeloperoxidase activity in heart and liver tissues. MDA levels increased in the liver in some groups but decreased in both liver and heart in group VII. The researchers concluded that field intensity and exposure duration are among the conditions that influence free radical formation and antioxidant enzyme behavior.

Effects of long-term exposure of extremely low frequency magnetic field on oxidative/nitrosative stress in rat liver.

Erdal N, Gürgül S, Tamer L, Ayaz L · 2008

Researchers exposed adult Wistar-Albino rats to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 1 mT, 4 hours per day) to study oxidative and nitrosative stress in liver tissue. 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were significantly increased in exposed female rats compared to female controls, but no significant difference was found between exposed and control male rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed no significant differences between control and exposed rats in either sex.