Outdoor EMF Infrastructure Research

Exposure to 50 Hz electric fields reduces stress-induced glucocorticoid levels in BALB/c mice in a kV/m- and duration- dependent manner

Hori T et al · 2015

Does the Brain Detect 3G Mobile Phone Radiation Peaks? An Explorative In-Depth Analysis of an Experimental Study.

Roggeveen S, van Os J, Lousberg R · 2015

Researchers investigated whether third generation mobile phone radiation peaks produce event-related potentials in the brain. Thirty-one healthy females took part in a single-blind, cross-over design where a 15 minute mobile phone exposure was compared to two 15 minute sham phone conditions. When the phone was placed at the ear, an enlarged cortical reactivity was found in the frontal and central cortical regions, but not when it was placed at the heart.

Biochemical and histopathological effects on the rat testis after exposure to electromagnetic field during fetal period.

Sehitoglu I et al. · 2015

Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz cell-phone radiation 24 hours a day for 20 days throughout pregnancy. Seven male offspring from each group were evaluated at 60 days, with testicular size, weight, histology, and serum testosterone measured. Exposed males had lower serum testosterone (3.51±0.21 ng/ml vs 4.04±0.47 ng/ml, p=0.018), higher caspase-3 activity (2.00±0.88 vs 1.00±0.63, p=0.026), and lower Johnsen scores (8.4±0.5 vs 9.4±0.5, p=0.010) than controls.

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells via oxidative stress.

Yang ML, Ye ZM · 2015

Researchers exposed human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) for 1, 2 and 3 hours in vitro. ELF-EMF decreased the viability of MG-63 cells, inhibited cell growth, induced cell apoptosis and increased the level of ROS significantly. The apoptosis rate declined significantly after treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC or p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. The researchers concluded that increased ROS and p38MAPK activation may be involved in the mechanism.

Exposure to non-ionizing radiation provokes changes in rat thyroid morphology and expression of HSP-90

Misa-Agustiño MJ et al. · 2015

Fifty-six rats were individually exposed once or repeatedly for 30 minutes to 2.45 GHz radiation at different non-thermal SARs calculated by finite difference time domain technique. The diathermy model applied maximum exposure to the left front leg to study radiation effects on nearby thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine HSP-90 expression and morphological changes in thyroid tissue. Ninety minutes after highest SAR exposure, central and peripheral follicles increased in size; twenty-four hours after 12 W exposure, peripheral follicles were smaller; and repeated 3 W exposure increased peripheral follicle size.

Occupational exposures to radiofrequency fields: results of an Israeli national survey

Unknown authors · 2015

Researchers conducted an Israeli national survey of occupational radiofrequency field levels between 100 kHz and 40 GHz across 25 occupations. They recorded almost 4300 measurements from 900 sources and categorized exposures as routine, incidental, or unintended. The geometric mean of routine exposures was below 1% of ACGIH threshold limit values for most occupations, but walkie-talkie, induction heating, plastic welding, industrial heating, and diathermy workers had higher percentages. Incidental and unintended exposures exceeded the TLV for one and 14 occupations respectively. Walkie-talkie workers dominated collective exposure, accounting for 96.3% of the total.

Circadian rhythmicity of antioxidant markers in rats exposed to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields

Cao H et al · 2015

Researchers exposed rats to 1.8 GHz cell phone radiation for 2 hours daily over 32 days, timing exposures at different hours. They found that radiation disrupted natural daily rhythms of key antioxidants (melatonin, GSH-Px, and SOD) that protect cells from damage, with the most severe disruption occurring during nighttime and early morning exposures.

Occupational exposures to radiofrequency fields: results of an Israeli national survey

Unknown authors · 2015

Israeli researchers measured radiofrequency radiation exposure across 25 different occupations, recording nearly 4,300 measurements from workers in broadcasting, medical, communications, and other RF-using industries. While most routine exposures stayed well below safety limits, walkie-talkie users, induction heating workers, and plastic welders faced the highest exposure levels, with some workers exceeding recommended thresholds during certain tasks.

Occupational exposures to radiofrequency fields: results of an Israeli national survey

Unknown authors · 2015

Israeli researchers measured radiofrequency exposure levels across 25 different occupations, taking nearly 4,300 measurements from workers in broadcasting, medical, communications, and other RF-using industries. They found that walkie-talkie users, plastic welders, and industrial heating workers face the highest exposures, with walkie-talkie operators receiving 94% of safety limits during routine work. Most other occupations stayed well below established safety thresholds, though some workers experienced brief spikes above recommended levels.

Circadian rhythmicity of antioxidant markers in rats exposed to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields

Cao H et al · 2015

Researchers exposed rats to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 32 days, timing exposures at different hours. The study found that RF exposure disrupted natural daily rhythms of key antioxidants in the blood, with the most severe effects occurring when exposure happened at night (11 PM) or early morning (3 AM).

Fiocchi S et al, (Aprli 2015) Assessment of foetal exposure to the homogeneous magnetic field harmonic spectrum generated by electricity transmission and distribution networks, Int J Environ Res Public Health

Unknown authors · 2015

Researchers assessed fetal exposure to the full harmonic content of a uniform 50 Hz magnetic field using high-resolution three-dimensional fetal models based on European electricity quality standards. The fundamental frequency component provided the main contribution to induced electric fields in the fetus. Harmonic components added some contributions but their amplitudes were low due to extremely low permitted levels relative to the fundamental. Induced electric field levels were much lower than general public exposure limits when the incident magnetic field was at the maximum permitted level.

Extremely low frequency magnetic field modulates the level of neurotransmitters

Chung YH et al · 2015

Korean researchers exposed rats to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 2-5 days and found significant changes in brain neurotransmitters across multiple brain regions. The exposure altered levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and other brain chemicals that control mood, movement, and cognitive function. These findings suggest that everyday exposure to power line frequencies may directly affect brain chemistry.

The effect of melatonin on the liver of rats exposed to microwave radiation

Djordjevic B et al. · 2015

Researchers studied whether melatonin treatment (2 mg/kg) might favorably impact liver tissue in rats exposed to microwave radiation. The experiment used 84 six-weeks-old Wistar male rats exposed for 4 hours a day to microwaves at 900 MHz for 20, 40, and 60 days. Microwave exposure increased malondialdehyde after 40 days, protein carbonyl content after 20 days, and catalase and xanthine oxidase activity after 40 days. Melatonin reduced malondialdehyde after 40 days but had no effect on the other analyzed parameters.

The effect of melatonin on the liver of rats exposed to microwave radiation.

Djordjevic B et al. · 2015

Serbian researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 4 hours daily over 20-60 days and found significant liver damage, including increased oxidative stress and cellular damage markers. When rats were also given melatonin supplements, the treatment partially protected against some of the radiation-induced liver damage. This suggests that microwave radiation can harm liver function, but natural antioxidants like melatonin may offer some protection.

Effect of electromagnetic field on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in a human mu-opioid receptor cell model.

Ross CL, Teli T, Harrison BS. · 2015

Researchers stimulated cAMP in CHO cells transfected with human mu-opioid receptors and exposed them to 5 Hz EMF. The 5 Hz EMF produced 23% greater inhibition of cAMP-treating cells than morphine treatment. When tested at 13 Hz, EMF produced results similar to controls.

Effects of Pulsed 2.856 GHz Microwave Exposure on BM-MSCs Isolated from C57BL/6 Mice.

Wang C et al. · 2015

Assessment of levels of occupationsl exposure to workers in radiofrequency fields of two television stations in Accra, Ghana

Unknown authors · 2015

Assessment of levels of occupationsl exposure to workers in radiofrequency fields of two television stations in Accra, Ghana

Unknown authors · 2015

Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation exposure levels at two television stations in Ghana to assess worker safety. They found radiation levels generally below occupational safety limits, but some areas had exposures 4.3 times higher than limits set for the general public. This highlights potential health risks for broadcast workers in high-exposure zones.

Assessment of levels of occupationsl exposure to workers in radiofrequency fields of two television stations in Accra, Ghana

Unknown authors · 2015

Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation levels at two television stations in Ghana to assess worker exposure. They found RF levels ranging from 0.006 to 58.5 volts per meter, which stayed below occupational safety limits but exceeded public exposure guidelines by over 4 times in some areas. This highlights how broadcast facilities can create significant EMF exposure zones that affect both workers and nearby communities.

Effect of long-term (2 years) exposure of mouse brains to global system for mobile communication (GSM) radiofrequency fields on astrocytic immunoreactivity

Court-Kowalski S et al · 2015

Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz (4 W/kg) for 5 days per week over 2 years, then examined their brains for signs of glial cell activation. The study found no detectable changes in astrocytes (brain support cells) compared to unexposed control mice, suggesting no inflammatory brain response occurred.

The impact of electromagnetic radiation of different parameters on platelet oxygen metabolism - in vitro studies.

Lewicka M et al. · 2015

Effect of Short-term 900 MHz low level electromagnetic radiation exposure on blood serotonin and glutamate levels.

Eris AH et al. · 2015

Researchers exposed ten male Wistar Albino rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation at 15.14 V/m for 45 minutes and measured blood serotonin and glutamate levels before and after. Blood plasma serotonin and glutamate levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. A single 45-minute exposure significantly increased blood serotonin levels but did not change glutamate levels.

A genotoxic analysis of the hematopoietic system after mobile phone type radiation exposure in rats.

Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015

The researchers extended a previous study by testing for effects at different SAR levels, both 900 and 1800 MHz, and both continuous wave and pulse modulated RF radiation. Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and exposed to RF radiation in a transverse electromagnetic cell or a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain numerical analyses were used to estimate the forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate and genotoxicity. No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after exposure to CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.

Effect of long-term (2 years) exposure of mouse brains to global system for mobile communication (GSM) radiofrequency fields on astrocytic immunoreactivity.

Court-Kowalski S et al. · 2015

Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 104 weeks, five days per week. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages. No change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining was found in exposed mice compared to controls.

A Genotoxic Analysis on Hematopoietic system after Mobile Phone Type Radiation Exposure in Rats.

Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015

Researchers exposed rat bone marrow to mobile phone radiation at 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies to test for genetic damage and effects on blood cell production. They tested both continuous and pulsed signals at power levels ranging from 2 to 12.4 watts per kilogram. The study found no significant changes in cell growth or DNA damage in the bone marrow cells after exposure.