Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2013
French researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to WiFi signals (2.4 GHz) from pregnancy through 5 weeks after birth, then examined their brains for signs of cellular stress and damage. They found no differences in stress markers between WiFi-exposed and unexposed rat pups, even at exposure levels up to 4 W/kg. The study suggests that WiFi exposure during critical developmental periods may not cause detectable brain damage in young rats.
Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Lv R, Song T · 2013
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to ELF-MF at 100 µT and 50 Hz with or without oral aluminum for 12 weeks. Oral aluminum treatment caused learning and memory impairment, neuronal cell loss, and high amyloid-β density in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ELF-MF alone showed no significant effect on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Combined ELF-MF and aluminum exposure did not cause more damage than aluminum alone.
Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Lv R, Song T. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the type from power lines) for 12 weeks to see if this exposure would worsen Alzheimer's-like symptoms caused by aluminum poisoning. They found that magnetic field exposure alone had no effect on brain function or Alzheimer's markers, and it didn't make aluminum-induced brain damage any worse. This suggests that power-frequency magnetic fields may not contribute to Alzheimer's disease development.
Amirifalah Z, Firoozabadi SM, Shafiei SA. · 2013
Researchers exposed 10 healthy women to a pulsed extremely low-frequency magnetic field at the central brain areas corresponding to electrodes C3 and C4, then measured changes in EEG activity. After exposure, beta (15-25 Hz), sensorimotor rhythm (13-15 Hz), and theta (4-8 Hz) powers were significantly decreased by 12.0% to 26.6% at 10 Hz in the C3 and C4 regions, compared with values measured during exposure. The study suggests that this technique may be applied in the treatment of anxiety, though further investigation is needed.
Calderón C et al. · 2013
Nasri K, Daghfous D, Landoulsi A. · 2013
The study evaluated the effects of sub-lethal microwave radiation on Salmonella typhimurium. The bacteria were exposed to a dose of 3600 J delivered as a 40-second exposure at 90 W. Exposure significantly inhibited cellular growth. The treatment increased the effectiveness of most tested antibiotics, with exposed bacteria showing new or improved sensitivity. Gas chromatography analysis showed an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, and the bacteria became more sensitive to sodium deoxycholate and released more extracellular proteins, indicating membrane weakening.
Xiong J, He C, Li C, Tan G, Li J, Yu Z, Hu Z, Chen F. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to a 0.5 mT 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 14 and 28 days and then used Golgi staining to examine dendritic spines in the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex. Exposure reduced spine density in stellate neurons and the basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons at both time points, largely due to loss of thin and branched spines. Reduced spine density in the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons was only observed at 28 days, reflecting distinct vulnerability of spines in the apical and basal dendrites.
Xiong J, He C, Li C, Tan G, Li J, Yu Z, Hu Z, Chen F. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to magnetic fields from power lines for up to 28 days and found significant damage to brain cell connections in areas controlling memory and navigation. These structural changes to nerve cells could explain cognitive problems linked to EMF exposure.
Sefidbakht Y et al. · 2013
Researchers used a rectangular waveguide system to expose luciferase to 940 MHz electromagnetic fields. Exposed luciferase showed significantly higher activity and smaller hydrodynamic radii than unexposed samples. Exposed samples also had less tendency to form aggregates. Dielectric measurements indicated changes related to disaggregation potency.
Kumar S et al. · 2013
Researchers studied the effect of a 50 Hz, 17.96 μT magnetic field on tonic pain behavior and brain neurotransmitters in rats with complete thoracic spinal cord injury at week 8. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into Sham, SCI, and SCI+MF groups, with pain behavior assessed using block pain rating, session pain rating, time spent in pain categories, and flinch counts. Pain ratings and flinch counts were significantly lower in SCI rats than in Sham rats, but these measures were comparable between the SCI+MF and Sham groups. Serotonin was lower in the cortex, remaining forebrain areas, and brainstem, while GABA and norepinephrine were higher in the brainstem of SCI rats, but these levels were comparable to Sham in the SCI+MF group.
Kumar S et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats with spinal cord injuries to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz, similar to power lines) for 2 hours daily over 8 weeks. They found that this exposure helped restore normal pain responses and brain chemistry that had been disrupted by the spinal injuries. The magnetic field treatment appeared to normalize levels of key brain chemicals like serotonin and GABA that control pain perception.
Thielens A, Vermeeren G, Kurup D, Joseph W, Martens L. · 2013
Compliance boundaries and allowed output powers were determined for the front, back, and side of antennas based on the root-mean-squared electric field, whole-body averaged SAR, and 10 g averaged SAR in the limbs and head and trunk. The study used ICNIRP basic restrictions and reference levels for both general public and occupational exposure. Antennas were designed for GSM900, GSM1800, HSPA, and LTE with output powers up to 300 W at individual frequencies. Boundaries were estimated using finite-difference time-domain simulations with the Virtual Family Male for three directions at 800, 900, 1800, and 2600 MHz.
Simon D et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed reconstructed epidermis models with and without melanocytes to 900 MHz GSM radiation at 2 mW/g for 6 hours. No changes were observed in epidermal architecture, epidermal markers, apoptotic cells, p53 induction, melanocyte location, dendricity, or melanin transfer after exposure. Loricrin and cytokeratin 14 decreased significantly at 6 hours, but all marker levels increased at 24 hours compared to 6 hours, alongside decreased 20S proteasome activity. The presence or absence of melanocytes did not affect the response of the reconstructed epidermis to exposure.
Wang X et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed early adolescent male mice to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 2 mT for 60 minutes per day from postnatal day 23 to 35. Spatial memory was then tested using the Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks. The magnetic field exposure did not affect Y-maze performance but improved spatial learning acquisition and memory retention in the water maze.
Wang X et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed adolescent mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for one hour daily during a critical brain development period. Surprisingly, the exposed mice showed improved spatial learning and memory compared to unexposed mice. This unexpected finding suggests that certain EMF exposures during development might enhance rather than harm specific brain functions, though the implications for human health remain unclear.
Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Akar A, Sekeroğlu V. · 2013
Researchers investigated the cytogenotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on bone marrow cells of immature and mature rats. Rats in the treatment groups were exposed to RF-EMF for 2 hours per day for 45 days. Significant differences were observed in chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, mitotic index, and ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes in all treatment and recovery groups. A 15-day recovery period after exposure did not reduce the damage to the same extent as the corresponding control groups.
Unknown authors · 2013
Mandalà M et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a study to verify whether Bluetooth devices reduce the auditory nerve effects seen with direct mobile phone electromagnetic field exposure, using the same experimental protocol as a prior investigation. Twelve patients underwent retrosigmoid vestibular neurectomy to treat definite unilateral Ménière's disease while being monitored with acoustically evoked CNAPs during direct mobile phone or Bluetooth headset exposure. Bluetooth electromagnetic fields did not produce any significant change in cochlear nerve activity, while mobile phone electromagnetic fields caused a significant decrease in CNAP amplitude and an increase in latency in all subjects.
Zhijian C et al. · 2013
The study used protein microarray to examine protein expression in human B lymphoblastoid cells intermittently exposed to 1.8-GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg for 24 hours. The analysis identified 27 differentially expressed proteins associated with DNA damage repair, apoptosis, oncogenesis, cell cycle, and proliferation, with a fold change greater than 1.5 and P<0.05. Western blot validation confirmed that RPA32 expression was significantly down-regulated and p73 expression was significantly up-regulated in the exposed group (P<0.05).
Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Lu D, Chiang H · 2013
The radiofrequency radiation induced EGF receptor clustering and enhanced phosphorylation on tyrosine-1173 at the higher absorption rates but not at 0.1 W/kg. A 2 μT incoherent magnetic field alone did not significantly affect receptor clustering or phosphorylation. When applied together, the incoherent magnetic field completely inhibited the radiofrequency radiation effects at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 W/kg but not at 4.0 W/kg.
Kuehn S, Kelsh MA, Kuster N, Sheppard AR, Shum M. · 2013
Researchers measured SARs in phantoms with mobile phones operating at maximum antenna input power to evaluate design factors such as shape, antenna design, communication technology, and test date over a 7-year period. Service technology accounted for the greatest variability in compliance test SARs, ranging from AMPS highest to GSM lowest. The dominant factor for SARs during use is the time-averaged antenna input power, which may be much less than the maximum power used in testing. Phone shape, antenna type, and orientation were significant but only up to a factor of 2, and SAR in the tilt position was significantly smaller than in the touch position. External antennas produced greater SARs than internal ones, and brick and clamshell phones produced greater SARs than slide phones.
Unknown authors · 2013
Researchers exposed male CD1 mice to 50 Hz ELF magnetic fields at 0.1, 0.2, 1, or 2 mT for 7 days, 15 hours per day. Hsp70 expression was measured in cerebral cortex-striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum using RT-PCR and Western blot. DNA damage was assessed in the same tissues by comet assay. No changes in hsp70 mRNA or protein occurred except a weak mRNA increase in hippocampus at 0.1 mT. Mice exposed to 1 or 2 mT and sacrificed immediately showed increased DNA strand breaks in all brain areas, which returned to baseline after 24 hours.
Ahlers MT, Ammermüller J · 2013
Researchers studied possible non-thermal effects of RF-EMF on retinal ganglion cells in vitro under constant temperature. Mouse retinae were exposed to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS at SARs of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, and 20 W/kg with temperature controlled within ±0.5 to 1°C. Light responses were recorded before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure under double-blind conditions. Comparison of sham and actual exposure distance values showed no significant differences, and regression analysis found no consistent SAR dependence. The authors concluded no acute effects on retinal ganglion cell responses at SARs up to 20 W/kg.
Ahlers MT, Ammermüller J. · 2013
German researchers exposed isolated mouse retina cells to mobile phone radiation (GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS) at various power levels while carefully controlling temperature. They found no changes in how these vision-critical cells responded to light stimuli, even at radiation levels 10 times higher than typical phone use. This suggests mobile phone radiation doesn't directly interfere with retinal function under controlled laboratory conditions.
Ketabi N, Mobasheri H, Faraji-Dana R. · 2013
Researchers investigated the effects of ultra high frequency nonionizing electromagnetic fields on the channel activities of the nanopore forming protein OmpF porin. Using the voltage clamp technique on an artificial bilayer, they exposed the pore to electromagnetic fields at 910 to 990 MHz and found that the frequency of channel gating and voltage sensitivity increased, while conductance remained unchanged. No changes in membrane capacitance or permeability were identified, and the energy transferred to nano-environments was estimated to address possible thermal effects.
