Kim HS et al. · 2013
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RFID-exposed groups and exposed to 915 MHz RFID for 8 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 or 16 weeks. The whole-body average specific absorption rate was 4 W/kg. FDG-PET images were obtained the day after RFID exposure using micro-PET with a FDG tracer, and the relative cerebral glucose metabolic rate was unchanged in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortexes of exposed rats compared with cage-control and sham-exposed groups.
Kim HS et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 915 MHz RFID radiation for up to 16 weeks at high intensity levels (4 W/kg SAR) and measured brain glucose metabolism using advanced PET scanning. They found no changes in how the brain processed glucose in any region examined, suggesting this type of radiofrequency exposure didn't alter basic brain energy function. This matters because brain glucose metabolism is a fundamental indicator of neural activity and health.
Celik MS et al. · 2013
Researchers studied whether extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure affects how manganese accumulates in rat organs. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into eight groups, with four groups also exposed to ELF-MF at 1.5 mT and 50 Hz for 4 hours, 5 days a week, over 45 days. Manganese levels in the brain, kidney, and liver were higher in groups that received both manganese and ELF-MF exposure than in groups that received manganese alone.
Celik MS et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to power line frequency magnetic fields while giving them manganese, a potentially toxic metal. The magnetic field exposure significantly increased manganese buildup in the brain, kidneys, and liver, suggesting EMF exposure may impair the body's ability to eliminate toxic substances.
Zhang Y, She F, Li L, Chen C, Xu S, Luo X, Li M, He M, Yu Z. · 2013
Researchers exposed primary cultured cortical neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats to pulsed 2.45 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes. Exposure significantly decreased cellular viability and increased apoptotic nuclei, CDK5 activity, the p25 to p35 ratio, and tau phosphorylation at Ser404. CDK5 expression did not change significantly after exposure. A CDK5 inhibitor blocked the exposure-induced decrease in cellular viability and tau hyperphosphorylation but did not significantly block apoptosis.
Zhang Y, She F, Li L, Chen C, Xu S, Luo X, Li M, He M, Yu Z. · 2013
Researchers exposed newborn rat brain cells to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used in WiFi and microwaves) for just 10 minutes and found significant neuronal damage. The brain cells showed decreased viability, increased cell death, and abnormal protein changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The study identified a specific cellular pathway (p25/CDK5) that appears to drive this RF-induced brain cell injury.
Gasmelseed A, Yunus J. · 2013
Researchers investigated the interaction of a dipole antenna with a human eye model in the presence of a metamaterial. They used a three-dimensional anatomical model of the human eye with 1.25 mm resolution. The finite difference time domain method with convolutional perfectly matched layer formulation was used. The dipole antenna operated at 900 MHz driven by a modulated Gaussian pulse.
Unknown authors · 2013
The study investigated HSP70 responses in transfected rat primary fibroblast cells exposed to 10 Hz electric fields at intensities of 20–500 V/m. Low frequency electric fields induced HSP70 heat shock expression, with peak responses at 8 hours after a 2 hour exposure. The approximate threefold increase was substantially lower than that from thermal stimulation, raising questions about clinical utility.
Gutiérrez-Mercado YK et al. · 2013
Researchers used 96 Wistar male rats divided into three groups of 32 rats each: a control group, a sham group, and an experimental group exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields at 120 Hz and 0.66 mT. All animals received colloidal carbon intravenously, and capillary permeability was studied using optical and transmission electron microscopy. In the exposed group, researchers detected an increase in capillary permeability and a significant increase in vascular area, effects not seen in the control or sham groups.
Gutiérrez-Mercado YK et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 120 Hz magnetic fields and found the fields made brain blood vessels leaky and dilated. This suggests EMF exposure might weaken the blood-brain barrier, which normally protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream.
Tong J, Chen S, Liu XM, Hao DM · 2013
Researchers recorded hippocampal CA1 neuron activity in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation at 10 W/m2 using glass electrode extracellular recording and a polygraph. Discharge frequency of hippocampal CA1 neurons was reduced after exposure, though the change in scale was not obvious. Electromagnetic radiation might change the spontaneous discharge patterns of hippocampus CA1 region neurons, making the explosive discharge pattern increase obviously. The researchers suggested that these changes may lead to a decrease in the ability of learning and memory.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated the effects of a 50 Hz, 2 mT magnetic field, with or without iron(III) chloride, on the growth and morphology of Escherichia coli. No significant differences in cell viability were found between exposed and sham-exposed bacteria, and FeCl3 treatment also did not change cell viability. However, pore formations and membrane destruction were observed on the surface of cells exposed to the ELF field for 24 hours.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2013
Scientists exposed E. coli bacteria to 50 Hz magnetic fields for 24 hours. While the bacteria survived normally, the magnetic field exposure damaged their cell surfaces, creating holes and destroying membranes. This shows EMF can harm cells even when they appear healthy overall.
Tong J, Chen S, Liu XM, Hao DM. · 2013
Chinese researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation and measured brain activity in the hippocampus, which controls learning and memory. The radiation disrupted normal neuron firing patterns and increased abnormal brain cell activity, potentially impairing cognitive function.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Colbay M, Yetkin I, Seyhan N. · 2013
Researchers exposed male Wistar albino rats to 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 30 min per day, 6 days per week, for either a month or two months. They measured micronucleus frequency in exfoliated bladder cells as an indicator of genotoxic damage. No significant differences in micronucleus frequency were found between any exposed group and its corresponding control group, nor between the two 2100 MHz exposure durations.
Unknown authors · 2013
Researchers assessed potential organ damage using histopathological study. Exposed rats showed significant differences in Olive moment and percent DNA in blood compared to controls. Hyperchromasia was observed in ovaries, and reduced germ cells with cell disorganization were seen in testes with increasing SARs.
Behari J, Nirala JP. · 2013
A SAR measurement system was developed for a brain phantom in a Perspex box. The phantom box volume matched a small rat and was illuminated by a 3G mobile phone at 1718.5 MHz. A moving platform changed the phone's angular position at 2 degrees per minute up to 20 degrees while induced fields were measured. SAR values computed from induced fields were higher than those from induced field measurements alone and varied with angular position, but remained well below human safety criteria. SAR was also measured by temperature rise and compared with the induced-field results, and measurements were repeated in a 10 g phantom in a cubical box for safety criteria comparison.
El Gohary MI, Salama AA, El Saeid AA, El Sayed TM, Kotb HS. · 2013
Researchers studied how caffeine and extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure affected brain electrical activity in rats over 15 days. Caffeine given at 10 mg/kg caused a reduction in the mean power amplitude of EEG signals across most frequency bands, especially the alpha band (8–12 Hz), and this effect was more evident in motor cortex than in visual cortex. Exposure to ELF-MF at 0.2 mT enhanced mean power amplitude in most EEG frequency bands, with the effect more pronounced in the right hemisphere than the left. When caffeine was given alongside ELF-MF exposure, a large increase in alpha-band amplitude appeared after 5 days at all recording sites.
El Gohary MI, Salama AA, El Saeid AA, El Sayed TM, Kotb HS. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the type emitted by power lines and appliances) for 15 days and found these fields significantly altered brain wave patterns, particularly enhancing activity in the right hemisphere. When caffeine was given alongside the magnetic field exposure, it appeared to partially counteract some of the brain changes, especially in areas controlling movement.
Gao X, Luo R, Ma B, Wang H, Liu T, Zhang J, Lian Z, Cui X. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900MHz cell phone radiation for three hours daily throughout pregnancy and found significant brain damage in both mothers and offspring, including swollen brain cells and reduced antioxidant defenses. However, when rats were given vitamin E supplements during pregnancy, the protective antioxidant largely prevented this brain damage. This suggests that EMF exposure during pregnancy can harm developing brains, but certain nutrients may offer protection.
Unknown authors · 2013
Researchers exposed newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster to a 50-Hz alternating magnetic field at 1, 11, and 21 G continuously for the first 5 days of adult life. The magnetic field decreased reproductive capacity by up to 4.3%, with the effect increasing at higher field intensities. The decline in reproductive capacity was attributed to severe DNA fragmentation and cell death in reproductive cells, detected by TUNEL assay during early and mid-oogenesis. The increase in DNA damage was more significant than the corresponding decrease in reproductive capacity (up to ~7.5%).
Yang L, Hao D, Wu S, Zhong R, Zeng Y. · 2013
The study numerically evaluated specific absorption rate and temperature rise in SD rat heads exposed to 900 MHz EMF. The digital anatomical model of a SD rat was reconstructed from MRI images and the finite difference time domain method was applied to assess SAR and temperature rise. Whole-body average SAR and localized SAR averaged over 1, 0.5 and 0.05 g mass for different organs and tissues were reported.
Banaceur S, Banasr S, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H · 2013
Researchers studied the effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency signals on wildtype mice and triple transgenic mice bred to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Mice were exposed two hours per day during one month at a Specific Absorption Rate of 1.60 W/kg. The researchers reported that radiofrequency exposure improved cognitive behavior in the 3xTg-AD mice.
Baş O et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on days 13 through 21 of pregnancy, then examined the brains of their female pups on postnatal day 32. Exposure during those prenatal days led to a significant decrease in the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis of the female rat pups (P<0.05). Histopathological examination also revealed picnotic cells in the cornu ammonis of the exposed female rat pups.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2013
