Sun Y, Zong L, Gao Z, Zhu S, Tong J, Cao Y · 2017
Researchers exposed HL-60 human leukemia cells to continuous 900MHz radiofrequency fields at 120μW/cm² for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. Exposed cells had significantly increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial transcription factor A, mtDNA polymerase gamma, mtDNA transcripts, and mtDNA copy number compared to sham-exposed controls. Exposed cells also showed a significant increase in the oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG and a significant decrease in ATP. Pretreating cells with melatonin, a free radical scavenger, reversed the effects seen in RF-exposed cells.
Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM · 2017
Researchers exposed female mice to 1800MHz mobile phone radiation in different modes (standby, dialing, receiving) and found significant damage to reproductive organs and hormone systems. The radiation caused oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules) and reduced the number of healthy egg follicles, while disrupting key reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This suggests that mobile phone radiation at typical cellular frequencies may interfere with female fertility through stress-related mechanisms.
Yilmaz A et al. · 2017
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 24 hours a day over 20 days using a digital signal generator placed under the cage. Livers and blood were collected from male and female offspring 60 days after birth for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Liver malondialdehyde levels increased significantly while glutathione levels decreased significantly, and serum ALT and AST levels were significantly elevated. Liver sections showed intense hepatocyte degeneration with cytoplasmic eosinophilic structures, pyknotic nuclei, and fibrosis. The researchers concluded that intrauterine EMF exposure causes harmful liver effects that persist into adulthood.
Andrianome S et al. · 2017
Researchers compared autonomic nervous system activity in 30 self-declared electrohypersensitive participants and 25 matched controls using heart rate variability and skin conductance. The electrohypersensitive group showed more skin conductance responses to auditory stimuli, while short-term heart rate variability did not differ between groups. In a double-blind, counterbalanced session, 10 electrohypersensitive volunteers were exposed to GSM 900, GSM 1800, DECT, and Wi-Fi at 1 V/m. No changes in heart rate variability or skin conductance were observed during or after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2017
Researchers investigated the effect of 1950 MHz Universal Mobile Telecommunication System radiofrequency exposure on Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay after 20-hour exposures at SAR values of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.25 W/kg. Exposure at 0.15 and 0.3 W/kg significantly increased micronucleus frequency without cytotoxicity, while 0.6 and 1.25 W/kg had no effect. Pre-exposure at 1.25 W/kg for 20 hours before MMC treatment significantly reduced micronucleus frequency compared to MMC alone, indicating an adaptive response, whereas pre-exposure at 0.3 W/kg did not.
Su L, Wei X, Xu Z, Chen G · 2017
Researchers exposed neurogenic A172, U251, and SH-SY5Y cells to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg intermittently for 1, 6, or 24 hours. DNA damage was measured by quantifying γH2AX foci, an early marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Cell cycle progression, proliferation, and viability were assessed using flow cytometry, hemocytometer, and cell counting kit-8 assay. Exposure did not significantly induce γH2AX foci formation or cause abnormal cell cycle progression, proliferation, or viability. Prolonged incubation up to 48 hours after exposure also did not significantly affect cellular behavior.
Xu F et al. · 2017
Aslan A, İkinci A, Baş O, Sönmez OF, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers used three groups of six 21-day-old male rats, including an unexposed control, a sham-exposed group, and a group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. The EMF-exposed group had significantly fewer Purkinje cells than both the control and sham groups. Histopathological examination also showed altered Purkinje cell arrangement and intense cytoplasmic staining in the exposed rats.
Lameth J et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 2-hour head-only exposure to GSM-1800 MHz could affect a neuroinflammatory reaction triggered by lipopolysaccharide in 2-week-old or adult rats. In developing rats, 24 hours after exposure, cortical interleukin-1β and NOX2 NADPH oxidase transcripts were reduced by 50 to 60% compared with sham-exposed animals. Adult rats showed a 50% reduction in IL1β mRNA but no NOX2 suppression and displayed a significant growth response of microglial cell processes. GSM exposure decreased phosphorylation at two residues on the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit (serine 831 and 845). The changes in gene expression, microglia, and GluA1 phosphorylation did not persist 72 hours after exposure and were absent without LPS pretreatment.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Rats were exposed to 900 and 2100 MHz RF-EMR for 2 h/day for either 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured hippocampal levels and activity of PKA, CaMKIIα, CREB, and p44/42 MAPK from NMDAR-related signaling pathways using Western blotting and activity assays. Chronic exposure produced significantly higher enzyme levels than acute exposure at both frequencies, and 2100 MHz exposure produced higher levels than 900 MHz in both acute and chronic groups.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and 2100 MHz frequencies for either 1 week or 10 weeks, then examined changes in brain enzymes involved in memory and learning. They found that longer exposure (10 weeks) caused more significant changes than shorter exposure (1 week), and that 2100 MHz radiation (used by 3G networks) had stronger effects than 900 MHz radiation (used by 2G networks). This suggests that both the duration of exposure and the specific frequency matter when it comes to how wireless radiation affects the brain.
Qureshi ST, Memon SA, Abassi AR, Sial MA, Bughio FA. · 2017
Researchers exposed dry chickpea seeds to GSM cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and laptop radiation at 3.31 GHz for 24 and 48 hours. Untreated seeds served as a negative control and gamma rays at 250 Gray served as a positive control. All radiofrequency treatments inhibited seed germination, with the 48-hour laptop exposure showing the strongest negative effect. Mitotic index decreased and abnormality index increased as exposure duration and frequency increased. Cell membrane damage, nuclear membrane damage, and ghost cells were observed only after 48 hours of exposure.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed V79 fibroblast cells to 1800 MHz RF radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg to investigate possible links between radiofrequency exposure and oxidative stress. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values regardless of exposure time. An increased level of superoxide radicals was detected after 60-minute exposure, and a significantly higher GSH level was observed immediately after 10-minute exposure, though GSH-Px activity was higher but not significant. Lipid oxidative damage in exposed cell samples was not observed.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed human cells to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for up to 60 minutes at typical phone power levels. The cells showed signs of oxidative stress, including increased harmful free radicals and elevated cellular defense responses, even without heating effects.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2017
Lian HY, Lin KW, Yang C, Cai P. · 2017
Researchers exposed two budding yeast strains, NT64C and SB34, to 2.0 GHz RF-EMF and 50 Hz ELF-EMF. Both RF-EMF and ELF-EMF exposure elevated the de novo generation and propagation of the yeast prion [URE3] in the two strains. The increase grew over time, and ELF-EMF showed a dose-dependent effect. Chaperone transcription and expression (Hsp104, Hsp70-Ssa1/2, Hsp40-Ydj1) did not change significantly after exposure. ROS levels and SOD and CAT activities rose after short-term exposure but not after long-term exposure.
Kim HS et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 915 MHz radiofrequency identification signal at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. The number of red blood cells and values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices were increased in the RFID-exposed group compared with the cage-control and sham-exposed groups. The number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes, was decreased in RFID-exposed rats, though T-cell counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio showed no statistically significant difference between sham-exposed and RFID-exposed groups. The researchers noted that these changes do not necessarily indicate that RFID exposure is harmful, as they were within the normal physiological response range.
Suzuki S et al. · 2017
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3rd-generation (3G) cellular phone radiofrequency-electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW) exposure on fertilization and embryogenesis in mice. Oocytes and spermatozoa were exposed to 1.95 GHz RF-EMWs at 2 mW/g for 60 minutes or sham exposure. After RF-EMW exposure, in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection were performed. Groups compared were both exposed, both non-exposed, one exposed, and the other non-exposed. Fertilization, embryogenesis, and blastocyst formation rates did not change significantly across the four groups.
Bourdineaud JP et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Eisenia fetida earthworms to electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz and field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications, and the number of probe hybridisation sites showed a significant two-fold decrease even after 24 hours of recovery. Genes involved in general stress, oxidative stress, and immune defence were up-regulated after exposure, and Western blots confirmed an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins.
Bourdineaud JP et al. · 2017
Scientists exposed earthworms to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for two hours at levels far below safety limits. The worms showed DNA damage and stress responses that lasted over 24 hours after exposure ended, suggesting even brief, low-level mobile phone frequencies cause lasting biological harm.
Zhang KY et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-1 cells to a 1950 MHz RF field at 3 W/kg SAR for 24 hours with or without 6 Gy X-ray irradiation. RF exposure alone did not change cell proliferation or apoptosis levels. When combined with X-ray, RF exposure significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic rate compared to X-ray alone. The combined exposure also significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and increased Bax protein expression.
Kulaber A, Kerimoğlu G, Ersöz Ş, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz EMF for 1 h/day on postnatal days 22–59. Malondialdehyde levels increased in the EMF group compared to the other groups. Extravascular erythrocytes were observed in the medullary and corticomedullary regions of the thymus in exposed rats.
Conclusion The study was an attempt to draw attention towards the adverse effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations (NI-EMR) in the frequency that is used widely in the field of telecommunication et al. · 2017
The study used computer simulations to investigate laptop thermal effects from electromagnetic fields and thermal sources simultaneously. Simulations provided steady-state temperature, SAR distribution, and heat flux beneath the laptop. The laptop in high performance mode generated a peak heat flux of 420 W/m², and combined with 1 W antenna radiation increased lap skin, scrotum, and testis temperatures by 5.6, 2.1, and 1.4 °C respectively. The antenna radiation alone produced peak SAR values of 0.37×10⁻³ W/kg at 2.4 GHz and 0.13×10⁻¹ W/kg at 5 GHz, considered negligible relative to safety standards.
Lippi G et al. · 2017
Researchers collected two sequential citrated blood samples from 16 healthy volunteers and exposed one sample to a smartphone call for 30 minutes at 900 MHz. Exposure significantly prolonged collagen-epinephrine aggregation by a median of 10% and increased mean platelet volume by a median of 5%. Collagen-adenosine diphosphate aggregation and platelet count did not change.
Lewis RC et al. · 2017
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models for an EAS system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures insignificantly influenced dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Although safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded, infants had higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues than adults, by 1.5 times at 125 kHz and 112 times at 13.56 MHz. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not induce higher SAR values. The numerical models developed, including stroller and postured infant models, could be freely used for nonprofit academic research.
