Yuasa K et al. · 2006
Researchers studied somatosensory evoked potentials in 12 normal volunteers before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone exposure compared with sham exposure. In 7 of the 12 volunteers, the recovery function of the somatosensory evoked potential was also measured. Neither the somatosensory evoked potentials nor their recovery function were affected by the mobile phone exposure or sham exposure.
Thorlin et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed cultured astroglial and microglial cells to 900 MHz microwave radiation at various SARs and durations. They measured markers including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, glial fibrillary acidic protein, total protein, and ED-1. No significant differences were found for any parameter at any time or radiation characteristic. Total protein levels remained constant and cell morphology appeared unaffected. The study concluded no evidence for effects on damage-related factors in glial cells.
Terao Y, Okano T, Furubayashi T, Ugawa Y · 2006
Researchers used a double-blind, counterbalanced crossover design with 16 normal subjects. Subjects performed a visuo-motor precued choice reaction time task before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone EMF exposure or sham exposure. Reaction times and movement times under different precue conditions were not affected by real or sham exposure.
Sukhotina I, Streckert JR, Bitz AK, Hansen VW, Lerchl A · 2006
Researchers exposed isolated pineal glands from Djungarian hamsters to 1800 MHz continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals at SAR levels of 8, 80, 800, and 2700 mW/kg for 7 hours. At 800 mW/kg SAR both signal types significantly enhanced melatonin release, but at 2700 mW/kg SAR continuous wave elevated melatonin while GSM-modulated exposure suppressed it. The authors concluded that the data do not support the melatonin hypothesis that nonthermal radiofrequency exposure suppresses melatonin synthesis.
Schüz J et al. · 2006
Researchers followed a nationwide cohort of 420,095 Danish cellular telephone subscribers from 1982 to 1995 through 2002 for cancer incidence. A total of 14,249 cancers were observed with a standardized incidence ratio of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.97) for men and women combined. Cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors, acoustic neuromas, salivary gland tumors, eye tumors, or leukemias. Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, there was no increased risk for brain tumors and no trend with time since first subscription. Smoking-related cancer risk was decreased among men but increased among women.
Schuz J et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Germany with 747 brain tumor cases and 1494 matched controls aged 30 to 69 years. Exposure was assessed by the location of a DECT cordless phone base station close to the bed as a proxy for continuous low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during the night. Estimated odds ratios were 0.82 (95% CI 0.29-2.33) for glioma and 0.83 (0.29-2.36) for meningioma, with no increasing risk observed with longer exposure duration.
Schuz J et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in three German regions, enrolling 366 glioma cases, 381 meningioma cases, and 1,494 controls. Overall cellular phone use was not associated with brain tumor risk, with odds ratios of 0.98 for glioma and 0.84 for meningioma. Among long-term users of 10 or more years, glioma risk was elevated (odds ratio 2.20) but meningioma risk was not, and cordless phone use showed no association with either tumor.
Russo R et al. · 2006
The study tested 168 volunteers on three cognitive tasks: a simple reaction task, a vigilance task, and a subtraction task. Participants completed the tasks in two sessions, one with RF exposure (GSM or CW signals) and one with sham exposure. No significant effects of RF exposure on performance were found for either GSM or CW signals, regardless of phone position.
Regel SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers performed a controlled exposure experiment with 45-minute sessions at 0, 1, or 10 V/m in a randomized, double-blind crossover design with 117 healthy subjects including 33 self-reported sensitive and 84 nonsensitive subjects. In both groups, well-being and perceived field strength were not associated with actual exposure levels, and no consistent condition-induced changes in cognitive performance were observed except for two marginal effects. At 10 V/m a slight effect on speed in one of six tasks in sensitive subjects and an effect on accuracy in another task in nonsensitive subjects were observed, but both effects disappeared after multiple endpoint adjustment.
Qutob SS et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed U87MG glioblastoma cells to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4 hours at SARs of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 W/kg to assess global gene expression. No evidence was found that non-thermal RF fields affect gene expression in these cells compared to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 hour up-regulated typical stress-responsive genes in the positive control group.
Muscat JE, Hinsvark M, Malkin M · 2006
Researchers analyzed time trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of adult neuronal cancers using SEER data from 1973 to 2002. The rates did not change during this period despite an exponential increase in mobile phone subscriptions starting in 1984. The results indicate that mobile phone use is unrelated to the risk of neuronal cancers.
Mora R, Crippa B, Mora F, Dellepiane M · 2006
The study measured transient evoked otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response in 20 healthy men before and after cell phone exposure. Exposure sessions lasted 15 to 30 minutes at 900 to 1,800 MHz. No significant changes in either measurement were observed throughout the study.
Merola P et al. · 2006
The study examined whether a modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency field at a specific absorption rate higher than the ICNIRP occupational reference level could alter cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line. Cells were exposed for 24, 48, and 72 hours and tested using WST-I assay, molecular markers, caspase activation, and PARP cleavage detection. Combined exposures with retinoic acid and camptothecin were also tested to check for interference between the field and chemical agents. Overall, the data suggest that 900 MHz radiofrequency exposure up to 72 hours does not induce significant alterations in the three principal cell activities.
Maby E, Jeannes Rle B, Faucon G · 2006
Researchers studied auditory evoked potentials in nine healthy subjects and six epileptic patients to determine localized effects of GSM microwaves. They used a support vector machine-based parameter selection method to estimate parameters most altered by radiofrequencies and computed the topography of modifications. Epileptic patients showed a lengthening of the N100 component in the frontal area contralateral to the radiation, while healthy subjects showed an amplitude increase of the P200 wave in the frontal area. The study suggests that radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile phones modify the AEP but found no direct link to RF-induced brain function damage.
Lee JS, Huang TQ, Kim TH, Kim JY, Kim HJ, Pack JK, Seo JS. · 2006
Researchers exposed human T-lymphocyte Jurkat cells and rat primary astrocytes to 1763 MHz RF radiation at SARs of 2 or 20 W/kg for 30 minutes or 1 hour while temperature was completely controlled at 37 +/- 0.2 degrees C. No detectable difference was observed in the expression levels of HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27, and the phosphorylation status of MAPKs did not change significantly. When TPA alone was applied, MAPKs were phosphorylated in a dose-dependent manner, but RF radiation did not enhance TPA-induced MAPK phosphorylation, and neither TPA nor RF radiation affected HSP induction.
Lahkola A, Tokola K, Auvinen A. · 2006
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies with 2780 cases to assess mobile phone use and intracranial tumor risk. The pooled odds ratio for all intracranial tumors was 0.98 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.83 to 1.16. For gliomas the pooled odds ratio was 0.96, for meningiomas 0.87, and for acoustic neuromas 1.07. Little indication was found for increased risks from analogue or digital phone use or for temporal or occipital tumors. The evidence does not indicate a substantially increased risk of intracranial tumors from mobile phone use for at least 5 years.
Joubert V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to GSM-900 at 0.25 W/kg average SAR or continuous-wave 900 MHz at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. No statistically significant difference in apoptosis rate was found between sham-exposed and microwave-exposed cells at either 0 or 24 hours post-exposure. Apoptosis rates were also comparable between sham, continuous-wave, 37°C, and 39°C exposed cells. Three assessment methods including DAPI staining, TUNEL/PI flow cytometry, and caspase-3 fluorimetry gave concordant results.
Hepworth SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 966 glioma cases and 1716 controls to investigate the risk of glioma in relation to mobile phone use. The overall odds ratio for regular phone use was 0.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 1.13, indicating no increased risk. However, ipsilateral phone use was associated with a significant excess risk (odds ratio 1.24, 1.02 to 1.52) while contralateral use showed a significant reduction in risk (odds ratio 0.75, 0.61 to 0.93).
Hamblin DL, Croft RJ, Wood AW, Stough C, Spong J. · 2006
Researchers tested 120 participants in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design with two sessions one week apart. In both sessions, participants performed auditory and visual oddball tasks while EEG was recorded with a mobile phone set to sham exposure mounted over the temporal region, and then performed the same tasks while the handset was set to active or sham. No significant differences were found between exposure conditions for any ERP component or reaction time.
Finnie JW, Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily from gestation day 1 to 19. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely mobile without restraint. Fetal brains were examined for c-fos expression in multiple regions using immunohistochemistry. No difference in c-fos immunoreactivity was found between exposed and control fetal brains.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Pregnant mice were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily from gestational day 1 to day 19. Fetal brains were examined for albumin extravasation in multiple regions including cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, midbrain and medulla. No albumin extravasation was found in exposed or control brains, indicating no increase in vascular permeability.
Verschaeve L et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated combined genotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency fields and the drinking water mutagen MX in female rats over two years. MX induced DNA damage in rat brain but not in blood or liver cells. Co-exposure to RF fields and MX did not significantly increase DNA damage in blood, liver, or brain compared to MX alone. The study used alkaline comet assay and micronucleus tests on samples taken at multiple time points.
Túnez I et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation on free radical production and neuronal cell loss caused by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. 3-nitropropionic acid induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum and prompted cell loss. Transcranial magnetic stimulation prevented the harmful effects induced by the acid.
Zook BC,Simmens SJ. · 2006
Researchers exposed offspring of pregnant rats treated with ENU to pulsed RF signal for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week. The 1080 rats were randomized into pulsed RF, sham, and cage control groups. Postmortem examination found no effect of RF exposure on incidence, malignancy, volume, multiplicity, latency, or fatality of any neurogenic tumor.
Wood A, Loughran S, Stough C · 2006
In a double-blind cross-over study, 55 adult volunteers were exposed to mobile phone emissions for 30 minutes at 0.25 W average power or sham exposure on successive nights. Urine was collected before bed and upon waking, and melatonin output was estimated from 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentrations, urine volume, and creatinine. Total melatonin metabolite output did not differ between active and sham exposure, but pre-bedtime output normalized to creatinine was significantly lower after active exposure.
