Muscat JE et al. · 2002
The hypothesis that intracranial energy deposition from handheld cellular telephones causes acoustic neuroma was tested in an epidemiologic study of 90 patients and 86 control subjects. The relative risk was 0.9 (p = 0.07) and did not vary significantly by the frequency, duration, and lifetime hours of use. In patients who used cellular telephones, the tumor occurred more often on the contralateral than ipsilateral side of the head. Further efforts should focus on potentially longer induction periods.
Leszczynski D, Joenväärä S, Reivinen J, Kuokka R · 2002
Researchers exposed human endothelial EA.hy926 cells to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation for 1-hour and observed changes in phosphorylation of many proteins. The exposure transiently increased phosphorylation of hsp27 and altered expression levels of hsp27 and p38MAPK, and this phosphorylation increase was prevented by a p38MAPK inhibitor. The culture temperature remained at 37 +/- 0.3 degrees C throughout the exposure, confirming non-thermal effects. The authors hypothesized that mobile phone radiation-induced activation of hsp27 may facilitate brain cancer by inhibiting the cytochrome c/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway and increase blood-brain barrier permeability by stabilizing endothelial cell stress fibers.
Lam LT. · 2002
The exploratory study investigated associations between inside and outside vehicle distractions and car crash injury risk across driver ages. Results showed drivers of all ages were more susceptible to inside-vehicle distractions than outside distractions. Age affected the relationship between in-vehicle distraction and crash injury risk. A separate analysis examined hand-held phone usage while driving. The study used a case series design with NSW police data in Australia.
Jenness JW, Lattanzio RJ, O'Toole M, Taylor N, Pax C. · 2002
Researchers measured driving performance in a video driving simulator for 24 volunteers on a 10.6-km course under voice-activated dialing, manual dialing, and no dialing. Voice-activated dialing resulted in 22% fewer lane-keeping errors and 56% fewer glances away from the road compared to manual dialing. Driving times were significantly longer in both dialing conditions compared to the no-dialing condition.
HuberR et al. · 2002
Hocking B, Westerman R. · 2002
Researchers reported a case of a 34-year-old journalist who experienced symptoms linked to mobile phone use. She agreed to a provocation study with her phone. Current perception threshold testing before and after exposure showed marked changes in the C-fibre nerves of the affected area compared with the opposite side. The case is supportive of a neurological basis for some cases of dysaesthesiae associated with mobile phone use.
Higuchi Y et al. · 2002
Researchers performed a left-sided hemilaminectomy in adult Sprague-Dawley rats to expose the C6 dorsal root ganglion. Rats received pulsed radiofrequency, continuous radiofrequency, or sham treatment with the electrode on the ganglion for 120 seconds. Pulsed radiofrequency significantly increased cFOS-immunoreactive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn laminae three hours after treatment, while continuous radiofrequency did not. The authors concluded that pulsed radiofrequency activates pain-processing neurons in the dorsal horn without tissue heating.
Hardell L, Mild KH, Carlsberg M. · 2002
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 649 patients aged 20-80 with malignant brain tumours diagnosed between 1997 and 2000 in Sweden, matched with controls from the Swedish Population Register. Overall, no significantly increased risks were found for analogue, digital, or cordless phone use.
Hardell L et al. · 2002
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1617 patients aged 20 to 80 with histopathologically verified brain tumours diagnosed between 1997 and 2000 in Sweden. Exposure to analogue cellular telephones was assessed by questionnaire and showed an overall increased odds ratio of 1.3 for brain tumours. The risk was higher for tumours on the same side of the head as phone use (OR 2.5) and for acoustic neurinoma (OR 3.5), while no clear association was found for digital or cordless phones.
Frick U, Rehm J, Eichhammer P. · 2002
A survey with random variation of three cognitive factors was performed to investigate risk perception, somatization, and self report of complaints related to electromagnetic fields. Age had no significant linear effect on EMF-related complaints. EMF-related complaints were reported more by females and people with higher somatization tendency.
Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. · 2002
Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental group exposed to a 900 MHz mobile phone for 30 minutes or a control group with the phone switched off. Cognitive performance was assessed before exposure and at 15 and 30 minutes post-exposure using six neuropsychological tests. Significant differences appeared after 5 minutes on digit span forwards, spatial span backwards, and serial subtraction, with performance facilitated in the exposed group.
Croft R et al. · 2002
The study tested whether exposure to an active MP affects EEG as a function of time. MP exposure also altered early phase-locked neural responses, attenuating the normal response decrement over time in the 4-8 Hz band, decreasing the response in the 1230 Hz band globally and as a function of time, and increasing midline frontal and lateral posterior responses in the 30-45 Hz band.
Cooper PJ, Zheng Y. · 2002
Braune S, Riedel A, Schulte-Monting J, Raczek J. · 2002
The study investigated the hypothesis that exposure to EMFs can increase sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. Forty healthy young males and females underwent a single-blind, placebo-controlled protocol on two different days with randomized EMF and placebo periods. The EMF exposure was a GSM-like signal at 900 MHz, pulsed with 217 Hz, 2 W, delivered by a mobile phone on the right side of the head. Blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous capillary perfusion, and serum levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and endothelin were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased about 5 mmHg during the protocol, but the changes were independent of EMF exposure.
Beason RC, Semm P. · 2002
Researchers investigated the effects of a pulsed 900 MHz signal modulated at 217 Hz on avian brain neurons. The stimulation changed neural activity in more than half of the brain cells. 76% of responding cells increased their firing rates by an average of 3.5-fold. The remaining responding cells decreased their spontaneous activity rates. The authors suggested these responses indicate potential effects on humans using hand-held cellular phones.
Auvinen A, Hietanen M, Luukkonen R, Koskela R-S, · 2002
Researchers conducted a register-based case-control study on cellular phone use and cancer. The study included all cases of brain tumor (N = 398) and salivary gland cancer (N = 34) diagnosed in Finland in 1996, with five controls per case. Cellular phone use was not associated with brain tumors or salivary gland cancers overall. There was a weak association between gliomas and analog cellular phones.
Irmak MK et al. · 2002
Researchers investigated the influence of electromagnetic radiation from a digital GSM mobile telephone at 900 MHz on oxidant and antioxidant levels in rabbits. They measured adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, catalase, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in sera and brains of exposed and sham-exposed rabbits. Serum SOD activity increased and serum NO levels decreased in exposed rabbits compared to sham-exposed rabbits, while other parameters did not change.
Testylier G, Tonduli L, Malabiau R, Debouzy JC · 2002
Rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous wave at 2 or 4 mW/cm(2) for 1 h during the day, or to 800 MHz modulated at 32 Hz at 200 mW/cm(2) for 1 or 14 h during the night. Exposure at 4 mW/cm(2) caused a significant 40% decrease in mean acetylcholine release from hippocampus, maximal at 5 h post exposure. Fourteen-hour nighttime exposure at 800 MHz induced a significant 43% decrease in acetylcholine release during 11 p.m.-4 a.m. compared to control rats.
Paulraj R, Behari J · 2002
Researchers exposed 35-day-old Wistar rats to low-level continuous 2.45 GHz microwaves for 2 hr/day over 35 days at a power density of 0.34 mW/cm2 with a specific absorption rate of 0.1 W/kg. Exposed rats showed a significant increase in calcium ion efflux and ornithine decarboxylase activity and a significant decrease in calcium-dependent protein kinase activity in brain tissue. The authors suggested that the radiation affects membrane-bound enzymes linked to cell proliferation and differentiation, indicating a possible tumor-promoting role.
Lass L et al. · 2002
The study enrolled 100 subjects (37 female, 63 male) and randomly assigned them to an exposed group (10-20 min, 0.158 mW cm(-2)) or a sham-exposed group. The aim was to examine low-level 7 Hz-modulated 450 MHz radiation effects on human performance in visually presented neuropsychological tasks associated with attention and short-term memory. A battery of three different tests measured attention and short-term memory. The results of tasks 1 and 3 showed a significant increase in variances of errors (p<0.05) in the exposed versus the sham-exposed group. The results of task 2 indicated a significant decrease in errors (p<0.05) in the exposed group.
Finnie JW et al. · 2002
The study was designed to examine the effect of long-term exposure to global system for mobile communication (GSM) radiofrequency fields on vascular permeability in murine brains. Mice were given a 60-minute far-field, whole body exposure on each of 5 days per week for 104 weeks at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.25, 1.0,2.0 and 4.0 W/kg. In all exposed and control groups, albumin extravasation was minimal and was deemed insignificant.
Akoev IG et al. · 2002
The study explored how the frequency of microwave modulation affected the activity of several enzymes and affective rat behavior at intensities of 0.8 to 10 microW/cm2. The researchers proposed that free radical processes may play a role in the nonlinear effects observed and in the modification of emotional behavior in animals. The study also postulated a protective role for monoaminoxidase, which is located on the outer surface of mitochondria and deaminates monoamines.
Liu Y, Weng E, Zhang Y, Hong R. · 2002
Researchers exposed mice to a 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field at 0.2 mT or 6.0 mT for 2 weeks, and measured markers of the antioxidant system and cell membrane fluidity in brain and liver tissue. Malondialdehyde content in brain and liver increased with exposure, while total antioxidant capability decreased at both field strengths. When electromagnetic field exposure was combined with lead, the researchers observed synergic effects on lipid peroxidation.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers induced dopamine neuron damage in newborn rats by infusing 6-OHDA into the brain ventricles on postnatal day 3. At two months of age, the rats were exposed to a 10 Hz, 1.8–3.8 mT magnetic field for one hour daily over 14 days, while a sham-exposed group had the solenoid turned off. After exposure, magnetic-field-exposed rats with dopamine damage showed reduced irritability and oral activity when given a D1 receptor agonist and increased catalepsy when given a D1 receptor antagonist. The authors concluded that extremely low frequency magnetic fields reduce the reactivity of central dopamine D1 receptors.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers demonstrated that a 50- to 60-Hz magnetic field interacts with cell differentiation through two opposing mechanisms. The field antagonizes the shift in cell membrane surface charges during early differentiation and modulates hyperpolarizing K channels by increasing intracellular calcium. The simultaneous onset of both mechanisms prevents alterations in cell differentiation. The authors propose that cells are normally protected against electromagnetic insult.
