Parodi S et al. · 2014
The SETIL study included 1044 healthy controls and 153 neuroblastoma cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2001. Researchers used a structured questionnaire to collect information on maternal characteristics, reproductive history, and environmental and occupational exposures during pregnancy. They measured extremely low frequency magnetic field home exposure. The study found a twofold risk associated with pregnancy exposure to chemical products for domestic work and hair dye. Risk was increased for preconception maternal exposure to solvents and particularly aromatic hydrocarbons.
Hsu MH et al. · 2014
Researchers conducted a population-based study using cancer registry data from 2000 to 2009 and cell phone user statistics from the National Communication Commission. The National Cancer Registry recorded 4 incidences and 4 deaths due to malignant neoplasms in Taiwan during 2000-2009. Ten years of observational data showed no significant effect of intensive cell phone use on the incidence rate or mortality of malignant brain tumors in Taiwan. The authors concluded they detected no correlation between cell phone use and malignant brain tumor morbidity or mortality in Taiwan.
Hauri DD et al. · 2014
Researchers conducted a time-to-event analysis of children under 16 living in Switzerland on December 5, 2000, with follow-up until December 31, 2008. They also included an incidence density cohort of all children living in Switzerland for some time between 1985 and 2008. In the time-to-event analysis of 997 cancer cases, the adjusted hazard ratio for the highest exposure category was 1.03 for all cancers, 0.55 for childhood leukemia, and 1.68 for childhood CNS tumors. The incidence density analysis of 4,246 cancer cases showed similar results for all cancers and leukemia but did not indicate a CNS tumor risk, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.03.
Vijayalaxmi, Prihoda TJ. · 2014
The study aimed to investigate whether mobile phone radiofrequency fields and brain cancer show an adaptive response. The authors re-examined all odds ratios from the INTERPHONE study published in 2011. Their analysis showed 24.3% decreased and 0.7% increased risk for meningioma and 22.1% decreased and 6.6% increased risk for glioma. They hypothesized that the overwhelming evidence for decreased risk may be due to induction of an adaptive response.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, · 2014
In total, 1498 cases (89% participation) and 3530 controls (87% participation) were included. Mobile phone use increased glioma risk with an overall odds ratio of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.6), rising to 3.0 (95% CI 1.7–5.2) for latency over 25 years. Cordless phone use increased glioma risk with an overall odds ratio of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.7), with highest risk in the >15–20 years latency group (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). Ipsilateral mobile phone use had an odds ratio of 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.2) and ipsilateral cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.1). The highest risk was for glioma in the temporal lobe, and first use before age 20 gave higher odds ratios than later first use.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2014
Researchers analyzed survival of 1678 glioma patients from the 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 case-control studies. Wireless phone use with more than 20 years latency showed an increased hazard ratio of 1.7 for glioma overall. For glioblastoma multiforme, mobile phone use had a hazard ratio of 2.0 and cordless phone use a hazard ratio of 3.4 in the same latency category.
Akhavan-Sigari R, Baf MM, Ariabod V, Rohde V, Rahighi S. · 2014
Researchers studied sixty-three glioblastoma patients who underwent tumor resection between 2008 and 2011. They measured p53 gene expression in central and peripheral tumor zones using RT-PCR. Among patients using cell phones three or more hours daily, 65% showed higher mutant p53 expression in the peripheral zone, a statistically significant increase. This increased mutant p53 expression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival. The risk was not higher for ipsilateral exposure.
Adibzadeh F et al. · 2014
Researchers performed detailed dosimetric simulations for 20 head models to quantify how head morphology affects RF dose in different brain regions. The variation in averaged SAR among heads reached up to 16.4 dB in a 1 cm³ brain cube using the field-sensor method and up to 15.8 dB in the medulla using the Talairach method. Head models were exposed to generic mobile phone fields at 835 and 1900 MHz in tilted and cheek positions. The authors concluded that head morphology is an important uncertainty source and that dosimetric analyses for specific brain regions should use real morphology.
Ozgur E, Guler G, Kismali G, Seyhan N · 2014
Researchers exposed Hep G2 hepatocarcinoma cells to intermittent 900- and 1800-MHz radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Cell viability changed according to the frequency and duration of the exposure. Four-hour exposure produced more pronounced effects than shorter durations. 1800-MHz radiation had a larger impact on cell viability and injury than 900-MHz radiation. Morphological analysis showed irregular nuclei and DNA damage after 4 hours of 1800-MHz exposure.
Kahya MC, Nazıroğlu M, Ciğ B. · 2014
Researchers studied the effects of 900 MHz radiation on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization in a breast cancer cell line. Cells were exposed to 900 MHz radiation for 1 hour at a SAR value of 0.36 ± 0.02 W/kg, and some groups were also incubated with sodium selenite before exposure.
Canseven AG, Esmekaya MA, Kayhan H, Tuysuz MZ, Seyhan N. · 2014
Raji cells were exposed to microwave radiation at a specific absorption rate of 0.350 W/kg for 24 hours. Microwave exposure alone significantly increased apoptotic activity and significantly decreased cell viability, and combined exposure with Gemcitabine increased apoptotic cells further than microwave radiation alone.
Ying Li and Paul Heroux · 2014
Researchers exposed five cancer cell lines to extra-low-frequency magnetic fields in the range of 0.025 to 5 µT and examined them for karyotype changes after 6 days. All cancer cell lines lost chromosomes from magnetic field exposure, with a mostly flat dose-response. The researchers suggest these karyotype contractions are caused by magnetic field interference with mitochondria's adenosine triphosphate synthase, compensated by the action of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Constant magnetic field exposures for three weeks allowed a rising return to baseline, unperturbed karyotypes, but small increases or decreases in field strength were again capable of inducing karyotype contractions.
Bhattacharya, R, Roy, R. · 2013
West et al · 2013
Researchers reported a case series of four young women aged 21 to 39 with multifocal invasive breast cancer. All patients regularly carried smartphones directly against their breasts in their brassieres for up to 10 hours a day over several years and developed tumors in the breast areas immediately underlying the phones. Pathology showed that all tumors were hormone-positive, low-intermediate grade, had an extensive intraductal component, and shared near identical morphology.
Hardell et al · 2013
Researchers pooled data from both study periods of acoustic neuroma, including 316 cases and 3,530 controls. Unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, year of diagnosis, and socio-economic index. Analogue mobile phone use gave an odds ratio of 2.9, which increased to 7.7 with latency greater than 20 years. Digital 2G mobile phone use gave an odds ratio of 1.5, increasing to 1.8 with latency over 15 years. Cordless phone use gave an odds ratio of 1.5, rising to 6.5 with latency over 20 years.
Unknown authors · 2013
The study examined the therapeutic efficacy of low-dose cisplatin followed by exposure to a 10 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field on Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed using comet assay, mitotic index, and micronucleus induction, and tumor growth inhibition was also measured. Mice receiving both cisplatin and the magnetic field showed a 54% increase in damaged cells, and tumor growth at day 12 was significantly suppressed in all treatment groups compared with controls.
Redmayne M · 2013
The cross-sectional study recruited 373 Year 7 and 8 students with a mean age of 12.3 years from the Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants completed a questionnaire and measured their normal body-to-phone texting distances. Both cellphones and cordless phones were used by approximately 90% of students. A third of participants had already used a cordless phone for ≥ 7 years. High cellphone use was related to cellphone location at night, being woken regularly, and being tired at school.
Poulsen AH et al. · 2013
Researchers followed 355,701 private mobile phone subscribers in Denmark from 1987 to 1995 through 2007. No overall increased risk was observed for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma of the head and neck. After at least 13 years of follow-up, incidence rate ratios for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma remained near unity.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Nirala J, Siddiqui MH, Behari J. · 2013
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Mild KH. · 2013
Researchers conducted a case-control study of brain tumour cases aged 18-75 diagnosed from 2007 to 2009, with one population-based control matched on gender and age per case. Among malignant brain tumour cases, 87% participated, and 85% of controls answered the questionnaire. Analogue mobile phone use had an odds ratio of 1.8, which increased to 3.3 with more than 25 years of latency. Digital 2G mobile phone use showed an odds ratio of 1.6, rising to 2.1 with latency over 15-20 years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 1.7, increasing to 2.1 with 15-20 years latency.
de Vocht F, Hannam K, Buchan I. · 2013
Researchers used open-access databases to explore links between potential risk factors and brain and nervous system cancers at an ecological level across 165 countries. National age-adjusted cancer incidence rates from GLOBOCAN 2008 were combined with United Nations Development Report and World Bank data and analyzed using multivariate regression models. 2008 national incidences of brain and nervous system cancers were associated with continent, gross national income in 2008 and Human Development Index Score. The only exogenous risk factor consistently associated with higher incidence was mobile/cellular telecommunications subscription penetration. According to these ecological results the latency period is at least 11-12 years, but probably more than 20 years.
Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L. · 2013
The study included 709 meningioma cases diagnosed during 2007-2009 and 1,368 control subjects who answered a questionnaire. Mobile phone use overall gave an odds ratio of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.4) and cordless phone use gave 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5). Risk increased significantly per 100 hours of cumulative use, with the highest odds ratio in the fourth quartile (>2,376 hours). No statistically significant increased risk was found for ipsilateral use, temporal lobe tumors, or per year of latency. Tumor volume was not related to latency or cumulative use.
Benson VS et al. · 2013
Researchers examined the relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial CNS tumours and other cancers in 791,710 middle-aged women in the UK Million Women Study. During 7 years' follow-up, 51,680 incident invasive cancers and 1,261 incident intracranial CNS tumours occurred. Risk among ever versus never users was not increased for all intracranial CNS tumours (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90-1.14, P = 0.82) nor for cancer at 18 other specified sites. For long-term users compared with never users, there was no appreciable association for glioma (10+ years: RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.55-1.10, P = 0.16) or meningioma (10+ years: RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.66-1.84, P = 0.71).
Zhu W, Zhang W, Li Y, Xu J, Luo J, Jiang Y, Lu X, Lü S. · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of 2450 MHz microwave radiation at intensities of 2.5 to 20.0 mW/cm2 for 20 minutes on human pancreatic cancer JF305 cells. Proliferation was measured by MTT assays, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, Caspase-3 activity was examined, and Caspase-3 and HSP70 protein expression were detected by Western blotting. After radiation, proliferation inhibition rates were significantly higher than control and apoptosis was induced. Caspase-3 activity increased compared with control (P < 0.05), and Caspase-3 and HSP70 protein expression increased significantly across dosage groups. The researchers concluded that microwave radiation inhibits JF305 cell proliferation, possibly by inducing apoptosis through changes in stress level.
Zhijian C et al. · 2013
The study used protein microarray to examine protein expression in human B lymphoblastoid cells intermittently exposed to 1.8-GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg for 24 hours. The analysis identified 27 differentially expressed proteins associated with DNA damage repair, apoptosis, oncogenesis, cell cycle, and proliferation, with a fold change greater than 1.5 and P<0.05. Western blot validation confirmed that RPA32 expression was significantly down-regulated and p73 expression was significantly up-regulated in the exposed group (P<0.05).
