6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
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EMF Research Studies

Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.

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Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study

The United Kingdom national standard of microwave noise at 4·1 GHz and 77 K

D J Blundell · 1975

The paper describes the UK primary noise standard in the 3.75–4.25 GHz band, emphasizing simplicity in cryogenic noise standards and noting difficulties in calibrating previous designs. A model in waveguide size WGI1A (WR-229) is described and analysed in detail, featuring a termination with a kapton polyimide window, a copper gasket, and a conical silicon carbide resistive element, and an unplated steel transition section. The standard has operated successfully for two years, including an international intercomparison with Japan, with output noise temperature variation typically 5 mK due to gas flow changes.

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Whole Body / General

Embryonic chick tibiae in steady electric fields

Watson et al. · 1975

Watson et al. found that the growth rate of embryonic chick tibiae in vitro was enhanced by a pulsed electric field of 1,000 V cm but not by a static field. The authors suggest that the lack of enhancement in a static field is due to the ability of the cultures to sustain a field. They explain that during the 9-day growth period in a steady field there is no field within the bone, no charge movement, and thus no bioelectric command signal except at the instants when the field is switched on or off. They derive a relaxation time constant of about 10 seconds for the tissue, indicating that in a steady field there is no transducer mechanism available.

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Whole Body / General

MICROWAVE BIOEFFECTS, CURRENT STATUS AND CONCEPTS

Przemyslaw CZERSKI, Stanislaw SZMIGIELSKI · 1975

The review explains that microwave bioeffects data come from animal experiments, model studies, and epidemiological research on occupationally exposed persons. Animal experiments are divided into acute high dose and chronic low dose exposures, with high dose effects explained by non-uniform deep body heating. Chronic exposure effects, especially frequency and modulation dependent effects in the nervous and hematopoietic systems, cannot be explained by thermal considerations alone.

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