Tseng MC, Lin YP, Hu FC, Cheng TJ. · 2013
The study investigated perceived risks of EMFs and other environmental sources and their relationships with psychopathology and self-reported EMF sensitivity. A telephone survey of 1,251 adults found that higher EMF sensitivity, psychopathology, being female, married, more educated, or having a catastrophic illness were linked to higher perceived risks of EMF-related and all environmental sources. Psychopathology did not moderate the association between EMF sensitivity and risk perception.
Thielens A, Vermeeren G, Kurup D, Joseph W, Martens L. · 2013
Compliance boundaries and allowed output powers were determined for the front, back, and side of antennas based on the root-mean-squared electric field, whole-body averaged SAR, and 10 g averaged SAR in the limbs and head and trunk. The study used ICNIRP basic restrictions and reference levels for both general public and occupational exposure. Antennas were designed for GSM900, GSM1800, HSPA, and LTE with output powers up to 300 W at individual frequencies. Boundaries were estimated using finite-difference time-domain simulations with the Virtual Family Male for three directions at 800, 900, 1800, and 2600 MHz.
Nazıroğlu M, Yüksel M, Köse SA, Özkaya MO · 2013
The aim of the study was to discuss the mechanisms and risk factors of EMR changes on reproductive functions and membrane oxidative biology in females and males. Some studies indicated that EMR induced endometriosis and inflammation and decreased the number of follicles in the ovary or uterus of rats. In male rats, exposure caused degeneration in seminiferous tubules, reduction in Leydig cells and testosterone production, and increases in luteinizing hormone levels and apoptotic cells. The review concluded that oxidative stress from Wi-Fi and mobile phone EMR is a significant mechanism affecting reproductive systems, but no evidence supports increased infertility risk from EMR exposure.
Mortazavi S et al. · 2013
Researchers collected fresh semen samples from 30 healthy donors and exposed them to radiofrequency radiation from a mobile jammer for 2 or 4 hours. Sperm motility was significantly lower in samples exposed to jammer RF radiation for 2 or 4 hours compared to sham-exposed samples. The authors concluded that mobile jammers may significantly decrease sperm motility and couples' chances of conception.
Loos N et al. · 2013
Kuehn S, Kelsh MA, Kuster N, Sheppard AR, Shum M. · 2013
Researchers measured SARs in phantoms with mobile phones operating at maximum antenna input power to evaluate design factors such as shape, antenna design, communication technology, and test date over a 7-year period. Service technology accounted for the greatest variability in compliance test SARs, ranging from AMPS highest to GSM lowest. The dominant factor for SARs during use is the time-averaged antenna input power, which may be much less than the maximum power used in testing. Phone shape, antenna type, and orientation were significant but only up to a factor of 2, and SAR in the tilt position was significantly smaller than in the touch position. External antennas produced greater SARs than internal ones, and brick and clamshell phones produced greater SARs than slide phones.
Hassoy H, Durusoy R, Karababa AO. · 2013
The cross-sectional survey included 2,240 high school students in Bornova, Izmir, selected by stratified cluster sampling from 20,493 students. Base stations received the highest mean risk score (4.34) and the highest prevalence of high risk perception (86.7%). Female students, those with lower maternal education, and non-phone users reported higher risk perceptions for mobile phones and incivility, and girls also perceived greater risk from base stations.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Mild KH. · 2013
Researchers conducted a case-control study of brain tumour cases aged 18-75 diagnosed from 2007 to 2009, with one population-based control matched on gender and age per case. Among malignant brain tumour cases, 87% participated, and 85% of controls answered the questionnaire. Analogue mobile phone use had an odds ratio of 1.8, which increased to 3.3 with more than 25 years of latency. Digital 2G mobile phone use showed an odds ratio of 1.6, rising to 2.1 with latency over 15-20 years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 1.7, increasing to 2.1 with 15-20 years latency.
Hagström M, Auranen J, Ekman R. · 2013
de Vocht F, Hannam K, Buchan I. · 2013
Researchers used open-access databases to explore links between potential risk factors and brain and nervous system cancers at an ecological level across 165 countries. National age-adjusted cancer incidence rates from GLOBOCAN 2008 were combined with United Nations Development Report and World Bank data and analyzed using multivariate regression models. 2008 national incidences of brain and nervous system cancers were associated with continent, gross national income in 2008 and Human Development Index Score. The only exogenous risk factor consistently associated with higher incidence was mobile/cellular telecommunications subscription penetration. According to these ecological results the latency period is at least 11-12 years, but probably more than 20 years.
Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L. · 2013
The study included 709 meningioma cases diagnosed during 2007-2009 and 1,368 control subjects who answered a questionnaire. Mobile phone use overall gave an odds ratio of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.4) and cordless phone use gave 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5). Risk increased significantly per 100 hours of cumulative use, with the highest odds ratio in the fourth quartile (>2,376 hours). No statistically significant increased risk was found for ipsilateral use, temporal lobe tumors, or per year of latency. Tumor volume was not related to latency or cumulative use.
Byun YH et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a longitudinal study of 2,422 children in 10 Korean cities to examine the association between mobile phone use and ADHD symptoms while considering lead exposure. They found that mobile phone use for voice calls was linked to higher ADHD symptom risk, but only among children with relatively high lead exposure. The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to lead and RF from mobile phone use was associated with increased ADHD symptom risk, though reverse causality could not be excluded.
Benson VS et al. · 2013
Researchers examined the relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial CNS tumours and other cancers in 791,710 middle-aged women in the UK Million Women Study. During 7 years' follow-up, 51,680 incident invasive cancers and 1,261 incident intracranial CNS tumours occurred. Risk among ever versus never users was not increased for all intracranial CNS tumours (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90-1.14, P = 0.82) nor for cancer at 18 other specified sites. For long-term users compared with never users, there was no appreciable association for glioma (10+ years: RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.55-1.10, P = 0.16) or meningioma (10+ years: RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.66-1.84, P = 0.71).
Alsanosi AA et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a prospective controlled clinical trial at King Abdulaziz University Hospital from July 2009 to July 2011. They measured hearing threshold levels and distortion product otoacoustic emissions before and immediately after 60 minutes of exposure to the same model of mobile phone. In test ears, hearing threshold levels shifted significantly at 1000 and 2000 Hz but not at other frequencies, while non-test ears showed no significant shift. Test ears also showed significant DPOAE differences at 1000 Hz, 1400 Hz, 2000 Hz, and the average of all frequencies, while non-test ears did not. Heat or pain was the most commonly reported symptom after exposure.
Al-Ali BM, Patzak J, Fischereder K, Pummer K, Shamloul R. · 2013
Researchers recruited 20 men with erectile dysfunction for at least six months and 10 healthy men without erectile dysfunction. All participants completed the German version of the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and a questionnaire on cell phone usage habits. Men with erectile dysfunction had significantly lower SHIM scores than healthy men (11.2 ±5 vs 24.2 ±2.3). Total time spent talking on the cell phone per week was not significantly higher in Group A over B, 17.6 ±11.1 vs. 12.5 ±7 hours. Men with erectile dysfunction carried their switched-on cell phones for significantly longer daily durations (4.4 ±3.6 vs 1.8 ±1 hours per day).
Aerts S et al. · 2013
Researchers introduced a new method for mapping outdoor exposure to base station radiation that combines surrogate modeling with sequential design. They reported that 50 measurement locations were enough to create a coarse street exposure map identifying high and low exposure regions, and 70 locations were enough to build an accurate predictive interpolation model of the electric field distribution.
Ozorak A et al. · 2013
Kidney and testis samples were collected from decapitated rats during the fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks. In the fourth week, lipid peroxidation in kidney and testis and copper, zinc, GSH, GSH-Px, and TAS in kidney decreased, while iron in kidney and vitamin A and vitamin E in testis increased in exposed groups. In the fifth week, iron, vitamin A, and β-carotene in kidney increased, while GSH and TAS decreased in exposed groups. In the sixth week, iron concentrations in kidney and lipid peroxidation in kidney and testis increased, while copper, TAS, and GSH concentrations decreased in exposed groups.
Ozgur E et al. · 2013
Hamzany Y et al. · 2013
The study aimed to observe whether human saliva indicates adverse health effects of mobile phone use. Researchers studied 20 mobile phone users with a mean duration of 12.5 years and mean use of 29.6 hours per month, comparing them to deaf individuals as controls. They found a significant increase in all salivary oxidative stress indices and decreases in salivary flow, total protein, albumin, and amylase activity in mobile phone users. The observations led to the hypothesis that mobile phone use may cause oxidative stress and modify salivary function.
Ghanbari M1, Mortazavi SB1, Khavanin A1, Khazaei M2. · 2013
Sperm viability, motility, and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in all exposure groups compared to controls. Increasing exposure duration from two to three weeks caused a further significant decrease in sperm viability and motility.
Maestú C et al. · 2013
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed at Sagrado Corazón Hospital in Seville, Spain, enrolling female fibromyalgia patients aged 22 to 50 years. The stimulation group received 8 Hz pulsed magnetic fields of very low intensity, while the sham group underwent the same protocol without stimulation. The stimulation group showed statistically significant improvement in somatosensory pain thresholds, ability to perform daily activities, perceived chronic pain, and sleep quality compared with the control group. Pain thresholds improved after the first session, while the other measures improved after the sixth week. No significant differences were found for depression, fatigue, headache severity, or serotonin levels, and no adverse effects were reported.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed Long-Evans rats to 900 MHz EMF alone or combined with iron overload and tested them in spatial learning tasks including the Morris water maze, radial-arm maze, and object exploration. EMF-exposed rats were impaired in the object exploration task but not in the navigation or working memory tasks. Combined EMF and iron overload did not produce greater behavioral or neurochemical deficits than EMF alone, and neither treatment caused global oxidative stress.
Tombini M et al. · 2013
Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the effects of 45 minutes of GSM-EMF exposure on cortical excitability in ten patients with cryptogenic focal epilepsy originating outside the primary motor area. The study employed a crossover, double-blind, counter-balanced design with three sessions one week apart. Exposure over the hemisphere contralateral to the epileptic focus significantly increased excitability in that hemisphere and slightly decreased it in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Real or sham exposure over the ipsilateral hemisphere did not affect brain excitability.
Sudan M, Kheifets L, Arah OA, Olsen J. · 2013
The Danish National Birth Cohort enrolled pregnant women from 1996 to 2002 and conducted detailed interviews at multiple time points up to age 7. Researchers used three statistical methods to examine cell phone use at age 7 in relation to hearing loss at age 7. Weak associations were observed, with odds ratios of 1.21, 1.23, and 1.22 from the three models. The authors cautioned that biases could affect the findings and that the results are not sufficient to conclude an effect of cell phone exposures on hearing.
Redmayne M, Smith E, and Abramson MJ · 2013
More frequent cellphone and cordless phone calls were associated with higher odds of headaches, wired headsets with tinnitus, wireless headsets with headache, feeling down or depressed, and waking at night, and being woken by a cellphone at night was strongly linked to daytime tiredness. The study reported that 36% of tested associations were statistically significant, more than the 5% expected by chance, and several showed dose-dependent patterns.
