Emre M, Cetiner S, Zencir S, Unlukurt I, Kahraman I, Topcu Z · 2011
Researchers investigated the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure with pulse trains on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat liver tissue. The study used 30 adult male Wistar rats and measured plasma enzyme and protein levels, as well as apoptotic and necrotic cell percentages in kidney extracts. Oxidative stress indicators increased, and necrotic cell percentages were significantly lower in exposed animals compared to unexposed or sham control groups, though DNA ladder analyses did not differentiate between the groups.
He LH, Shi HM, Liu TT, Xu YC, Ye KP, Wang S. · 2011
Researchers exposed adult rats daily to a 50-Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field set to 2 mT, dividing them into a control group, a 1-hour exposure group, and a 4-hour exposure group. After 4 weeks of daily exposure, anxiety-related behaviors were assessed in the open field test and the elevated plus maze, and spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze. Rats in the 4-hour group showed increased anxiety-like behaviors, reduced latency to find a hidden platform, and improved long-term memory of the platform's former location, without changes in short-term memory or locomotor activity.
Corbacio M et al. · 2011
Ciejka E, Kleniewska P, Skibska B, Goraca A. · 2011
The study aimed to assess the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field parameters on reactive oxygen species generation in brain tissue of experimental animals depending on the time of exposure. Exposure at 30 min/day for 10 days caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and an insignificant increase in hydrogen peroxide and free sulphydryl groups. Exposure at 60 min/day caused a significant increase in free sulphydryl groups and protein concentration, which the researchers described as indicating an adaptive mechanism.
Calabrò E, Condello S, Magazù S, Ientile, R. · 2011
Noor NA, Mohammed HS, Ahmed NA, Radwan NM · 2011
Lowden A et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the effects of a double-blind radiofrequency exposure on sleepiness and EEG measures during sleep. Forty-eight subjects with a mean age of 28 years underwent three hours of controlled exposure prior to sleep, followed by a full-night polysomnographic recording in a sleep laboratory. Following exposure, slow-wave sleep decreased by 9.5 minutes and the latency to Stage 3 sleep was prolonged by 4.8 minutes compared to sham. No differences were found between subjects who had previously reported mobile phone-related symptoms and those who had not.
Leung S et al. · 2011
This study examined sensory and cognitive processing in adolescents, young adults and older adults when exposed to 2G and 3G mobile phone signals. Forty-one 13–15 year olds, forty-two 19–40 year olds and twenty 55–70 year olds were tested using a double-blind cross-over design, where each participant received Sham, 2G and 3G exposures, separated by at least 4 days. On a memory task, adolescents performed less accurately during 3G exposure compared to Sham, and delayed brainwave responses were found in both 2G and 3G conditions across all age groups.
Kwon MS et al. · 2011
Researchers used positron emission tomography with an 18F-deoxyglucose tracer to investigate the effects of mobile phone radiation on cerebral glucose metabolism in humans. Thirteen young right-handed male subjects were exposed to a pulse-modulated 902.4 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications signal for 33 minutes while performing a simple visual vigilance task. The relative cerebral metabolic rate of glucose was significantly reduced in the temporoparietal junction and anterior temporal lobe of the right hemisphere, on the same side as the exposure. The exposure did not affect task performance, measured by reaction time and error rate.
Favre D · 2011
Researchers placed mobile phone handsets in the close vicinity of honeybees and recorded and analyzed the sounds the bees made. The audiograms and spectrograms revealed that active mobile phone handsets have a dramatic impact on the behavior of the bees, namely by inducing the worker piping signal. In natural conditions, worker piping either announces the swarming process of the bee colony or is a signal of a disturbed bee colony.
Peter Denchev et al. · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
This study investigated whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) influence DNA or the repair of radiation-damaged DNA in leukocytes. Samples were exposed to inhomogeneous SMFs with lateral magnetic flux density gradients of 47.7, 1.2, or 0.3 T/m, or to a homogeneous SMF of 159.2 ± 13.4 mT, for time periods ranging from 0.5 minutes to 24 hours. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis technique, also called the comet assay. When SMF exposure preceded gamma irradiation, no statistically significant difference in DNA damage was found compared to the 4 Gy gamma-irradiated group.
Unknown authors · 2010
Human sperm were exposed to a 50 Hz, 5 mT ELF-EMF with a square waveform. Exposure increased mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of ATP, ADP, and NAD+ and improved sperm kinematic parameters. Inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation with CICCP blocked the ELF-EMF effect on energy parameters and motility in glucose medium. When pyruvate and lactate replaced glucose, ELF-EMF increased energy status and motility, indicating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation mediates the effect.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed 60 sensitive and 60 non-sensitive users to three 50-minute conditions: a signal with a 16 Hz component, a continuous wave signal at 385.25 MHz, and a sham condition, in a randomised double-blind design. Exposure to the continuous wave signal increased headache in all participants, fatigue in non-sensitive participants, and difficulty concentrating in sensitive participants, while reducing itching in sensitive participants. These effects were not seen with the 16 Hz pulsing signal except for concentration difficulties.
Unknown authors · 2010
A positive association was found between high-level exposure above 0.4 microT and the risk of brain tumors. This association could not be explained solely by confounding factors or selection bias.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Germany to investigate whether preconceptional parental occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields increased childhood cancer risk. Parental occupational history was recorded using questionnaires and telephone interviews, and preconceptional magnetic field exposure was estimated via a job-exposure matrix. The analysis included 2,382 controls and 2,049 cases, comprising 846 acute leukemia, 159 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 444 central nervous system tumors, and 600 other solid tumors. Frequency-matched conditional logistic regression models showed no increased cancer risks for paternal exposure above 0.2 microT, no risk increase above 1 microT, and maternal exposure was also not associated with increased risks.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study among healthy sperm donors to study magnetic field exposure and poor sperm quality. All participants wore a meter to capture daily magnetic field exposure. Men whose 90th percentile magnetic field level was 1.6 mG or higher had a two-fold increased risk of abnormal sperm motility and morphology compared to those with lower exposure. Increasing duration of exposure above 1.6 mG further increased the risk. Age-adjusted Spearman Rank Order Correlations showed an inverse correlation between magnetic field exposure and all semen parameters.
Unknown authors · 2010
They identified 64 cases of newly-diagnosed hematological malignancies in children under 14 from 1986 to 2007 and sampled four matched controls per case. The relative risk of leukemia for residence in areas with exposure ≥0.1 microTesla was 3.2 (6.7 after adjusting for socioeconomic status), but the estimate was statistically unstable with a 95% confidence interval of 0.4 to 23.4. The relative risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 5.3 (95% CI 0.7-43.5), while no increased risk was found for other hematological malignancies.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 300 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 300 matched controls. Cases lived significantly closer to power lines than controls (P<0.001). Living within 600 meters of the nearest power line was associated with an odds ratio of 2.61 (95% CI: 1.73 to 3.94) compared to living farther away. Odds ratios were 9.93 for 123 kV lines, 10.78 for 230 kV lines, and 2.98 for 400 kV lines. Odds of leukemia decreased by a factor of 0.61 for every 600 meters of distance from the nearest power line.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers tested alternative dose-response relationships quantitatively using five exposure data sets and three epidemiological data sets. Threshold dose-response relationships performed only moderately. Linear relationships were generally even poorer. The fit was improved by adding quadratic terms or performing non-linear regression.
Unknown authors · 2010
The study analyzed live singleton births in Montréal and Québec from 1990 to 2004 using the Québec birth file. Proximity was defined as residing within 400 meters of a transmission line, and generalized estimating equations assessed associations with preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age birth, and infant sex while adjusting for maternal and neighborhood factors. No association was found for preterm birth, low birth weight, or infant sex, but a lower likelihood of small-for-gestational-age birth appeared for some distance categories such as 50–75 meters compared to 400 meters or more.
Unknown authors · 2010
Kroll et al based their analysis on data from Draper et al and used a refined exposure measure based on field calculations. Draper et al reported a significantly elevated odds ratio of 1.69 for persons living within 200 m of power lines compared with those beyond 600 m. Kroll et al found an odds ratio of 2.0 for the highest exposure group (≥0.4 vs <0.1 μT) but the result was not statistically significant. Field calculations were not possible for 25% of addresses near power lines.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers conducted a national case-control study of children born in England and Wales from 1962 to 1995 to examine cancer risk from magnetic fields of high-voltage overhead power lines at the birth address. The estimated relative risk for each 0.2 μT increase was 1.14 for leukaemia, 0.80 for CNS/brain tumours, and 1.34 for other cancers, with confidence intervals that included no effect. The researchers concluded that magnetic-field exposure during the year of birth is unlikely to be the whole cause of the association with distance from overhead power lines that they previously reported.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers examined 9,508 individuals from the Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins to assess the association between occupational extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure and dementia risk. Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening followed by in-person clinical workup, and main lifetime occupation was coded using an established EMF exposure matrix. Overall EMF exposure level was not significantly associated with dementia or Alzheimer's disease. However, in stratified analyses, medium and high EMF exposure were associated with increased dementia risk compared with low exposure in cases with onset by age 75 years and in participants with manual occupations. Results from 42 twin pairs discordant for dementia did not reach statistical significance.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers applied Bradford-Hill criteria and a European Commission precautionary framework to evaluate the link between childhood leukemia and power frequency magnetic fields. The main evidence is an epidemiological association from several studies and meta-analyses, though few children are highly exposed and the association could reflect bias, confounding, or chance. Experimental evidence does not clearly show harm at the implicated field levels, and the cause of childhood leukemia is poorly understood. A precautionary approach recommends low-cost interventions to reduce exposure, assuming any real risk would be small, but the recommendation is controversial because other data interpretations exist and low-cost measures may not fully alleviate the risk.
