Mortazavi SM et al. · 2008
In the first phase, 30 patients provided saliva samples before and after a 30-minute MRI at 0.23 T. Saliva mercury concentrations increased from 8.6 ± 3.0 to 11.3 ± 5.3 µg L⁻¹ after MRI (p < 0.01). In the second phase, 14 female university students with no prior mobile phone use received amalgam restorations and gave urine samples before and on days 1-4 after. Urinary mercury levels were significantly higher in the mobile-phone users than in controls across the four days (p < 0.05).
Karinen A, Heinavaara S, Nylund R, Leszczynski D. · 2008
Researchers exposed a small area of forearm skin in 10 female volunteers to RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 1.3 W/kg and collected punch biopsies from exposed and non-exposed areas. Analysis identified 8 proteins that were statistically significantly affected, and two of those proteins were present in all 10 volunteers. The researchers described this as the first study showing that molecular level changes might take place in human volunteers in response to exposure to RF-EMF.
Joseph W, Vermeeren G, Verloock L, Heredia MM, Martens L · 2008
This study characterized personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure of the general public from 12 different sources. Indoor office exposure from WiFi reached 95th-percentile field values of 0.36 to 0.58 V m(-1), while DECT reached 0.33 V m(-1), and outdoor GSM and DCS downlink signals reached up to 0.52 V m(-1). The researchers proposed a method to relate measured field exposure to actual whole-body absorption and applied it to a GSM downlink signal, finding Fiftieth, 95th, and 99th percentiles of whole-body SAR of 0.58 microW kg(-1), 2.08 microW kg(-1), and 5.01 microW kg(-1) for a 95th percentile of 0.26 V m(-1).
Höytö A, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2008
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and mouse L929 fibroblast cells to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 5 W/kg, using either continuous waves or a GSM-modulated signal. Two statistically significant differences related to RF radiation were found: t-BOOH-induced lipid peroxidation was increased in SH-SY5Y cells, and menadione-induced caspase 3 activity was increased in L929 cells, but both only for the GSM-modulated signal. No other endpoints were significantly affected, and no effects were observed from RF radiation exposure alone.
Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Tomson R, Tuulik V. · 2008
Thirteen healthy volunteers were exposed to 450 MHz microwaves pulse-modulated at frequencies of 7, 14 and 21 Hz to evaluate effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. Modulated microwaves caused an average increase in EEG alpha power of 17% and beta power of 7%, while the theta rhythm remained unaffected. Increases in EEG alpha and beta power were statistically significant during the first 30 seconds of exposure at modulation frequencies of 14 and 21 Hz, but no enhancement occurred at 7 Hz. The researchers also found differences in individual sensitivity to exposure, with increases in EEG beta power appearing statistically significant in four subjects.
Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Karai D, Tuulik V. · 2008
Aly AA et al. · 2008
Researchers studied how 900-MHz radio-frequency fields affect the ability of human neutrophils to follow concentration gradients of Cyclic Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate (C-AMP). Blood from healthy adult donors was exposed in vitro to different temperatures and a 900-MHz RF field at approximately 0.4 V/m. When the 900-MHz RF field was applied, neutrophil speed increased above the value observed at the same temperature, and the maximum speed exceeded that measured at any temperature by approximately 50%. The direction of motion changed from along the concentration gradient and the electrical field lines to motion at right angles to the concentration gradient and the electric field.
Wartenberg M et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed UM-SCC-14-C oral mucosa cancer cells to direct current electrical fields with strengths between 2 and 16 V/m for 24 hours and measured effects on cell growth and death. Exposure dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation and was associated with cell cycle arrest. Electrical field treatment at 4 V/m for 24 hours increased apoptosis, and blocking free radicals abolished those apoptosis markers.
Koyama S, Sakurai T, Nakahara T, Miyakoshi J · 2008
Researchers measured apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in human glioma A172 cells after exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, genotoxic chemicals, or both. ELF magnetic fields alone produced no difference in AP sites compared with sham controls. The results suggest that the number of AP sites induced by MMS or H2O2 is enhanced by exposure to ELF magnetic fields at 5 millitesla (mT).
Ross ML, Koren SA, Persinger MA. · 2008
Researchers tested whether a weak magnetic field pulsed over the left prefrontal brain region at the moment of accepting or refuting a statement could increase the likelihood of later accepting a false statement as true. Fifty men and women were each exposed to one of four magnetic field conditions, or a sham field, over the left prefrontal region above the eyebrow. Groups that received the burst-firing or 25 Hz pulsed fields during the refutation process accepted about twice the number of false statements as true compared to those in the 50 Hz or sham-field conditions. The treatments did not significantly affect the numbers of true statements accepted as false.
Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. · 2008
The study investigated whether anxiety levels could be affected by repeated extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) exposure of different daily durations. Rats exposed for 4 h/day showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test, without changes in locomotor activity, but showed no effect in the light/dark box test. Rats exposed for 1 h/day showed no effect in any of the tests.
Croft RJ et al. · 2008
Researchers tested 120 healthy participants in a double-blind, counterbalanced crossover design, with each person receiving a 30-minute active and a 30-minute sham exposure one week apart while EEG data were recorded. The purpose of the study was to test one of the strongest findings in the literature, that of increased alpha power in response to MP-type radiation. Overall alpha power was enhanced during exposure, with the effect larger at sites on the same side as the exposure source than on the opposite side over posterior regions. After exposure ended, no overall change to alpha power was observed, though there was less alpha power contralateral to the exposure source relative to the ipsilateral side.
Yao K, Wu W, Wang K, Ni S, Ye P, Yu Y, Ye J, Sun L. · 2008
Researchers exposed cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency field for 2 hours at specific absorption rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4 W/kg, then measured intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. After exposure to 1.8 GHz RF for 2 h, HLECs exhibited significant intracellular ROS increase in the 2, 3, and 4 W/kg groups, and RF at 3 W/kg and 4 W/kg induced significant DNA damage consisting mainly of single strand breaks. When the radiofrequency field was superposed with 2 μT electromagnetic noise, the noise blocked the RF-induced ROS increase and DNA damage.
Wu W, Yao K, Wang KJ, Lu DQ, He JL, Xu LH, Sun WJ. · 2008
Researchers used the DCFH-DA method and comet assay to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in cultured human lens epithelial cells exposed to 4 W/kg 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation or 2 muT electromagnetic noise, or both, for 24 hours intermittently. 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation at 4 W/kg for 24 hours significantly increased intracellular ROS and DNA damage (P<0.05). When electromagnetic noise was added alongside the mobile phone radiation, ROS levels and DNA damage were not significantly elevated compared to sham exposure (P>0.05).
Schwarz C et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human cultured fibroblasts and human lymphocyte cultures to 1,950 MHz UMTS electromagnetic fields at specific absorption rates below the safety limit of 2 W/kg. UMTS exposure increased the comet tail factor and induced centromere-negative micronuclei in human cultured fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent way. Incubation for 24 hours at a SAR of 0.05 W/kg produced a statistically significant rise in both the comet tail factor and micronuclei (P = 0.02). No UMTS effect was found in lymphocytes, whether unstimulated or stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin. The researchers concluded that UMTS exposure may cause genetic alterations in some but not in all human cells in vitro.
Mazor R et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 samples to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 800 MHz for 72 hours in a waveguide resonator at specific absorption rates of 2.9 and 4.1 W/kg. The study found increased levels of aneuploidy depending on the chromosome studied and the level of exposure, with chromosomal gains appearing to be the primary contributor. Temperature was tested over a range of 33.5–40°C for 72 hours and showed no statistically significant difference in aneuploidy levels compared to 37°C, suggesting the effect may not be due to heating.
Manti L et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to a UMTS signal at a frequency carrier of 1.95 GHz for 24 hours at 0.5 and 2.0 W/kg SAR. Cells were also given 4 Gy of X rays immediately before RF radiation or sham exposures, and chromosome aberrations were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. No significant variations due to the UMTS exposure were found in the fraction of aberrant cells, but the frequency of exchanges per cell showed a small but statistically significant increase of 0.11 exchange per cell compared to 0 W/kg SAR.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers conducted point transect sampling at 30 points over 40 visits in Valladolid, Spain, between October 2002 and May 2006, counting sparrows and measuring electric field strength. Mean bird density declined significantly over the study period (P = 0.0037). Bird density was significantly lower in areas with higher electric field strength. A logarithmic regression of bird density against field strength in 0.1 V/m increments yielded a strong negative correlation (R = -0.87, P = 0.0001). The authors concluded that electromagnetic pollution may be responsible for the sparrow decline in European cities, either alone or combined with other factors.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers used the sister chromatid exchange technique to test the clastogenic potential of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. SCE frequencies were scored in dividing lymphocytes from six healthy male donors across two experimental rounds for reproducibility. Lymphocyte cultures were exposed to 50 Hz sinusoidal or square magnetic fields, continuous or pulsed, at 1 µT or 1 mT for 72 hours. A significant increase in SCEs per cell was observed in exposed groups compared to controls in both rounds. The highest SCE frequency in the first round was 10.03 for a square continuous field, and 10.39 for a square continuous field was the second highest in the second round.
Unknown authors · 2007
A mathematical model of genome degradation is proposed that accounts for a variable mutation rate and the increasing number of cells in a developing human. The model explains cancer development properties such as synergism between mutagens and higher cancer probability early in life. Magnetic nanoparticles are shown to be an endogenous source of chronic magnetic exposure that raises local free-radical levels, and enhanced childhood leukemia is assumed to originate from these nanoparticles in hematopoietic stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers measured electric current perception thresholds in self-declared EHS persons recruited from a self-aid group, newspaper responders, and persons seeking investigations. Quantitative electrosensitivity differed among the three recruitment groups. The self-aid group members overlapped considerably with the general population sample. Pooled EHS persons differed significantly from the general population but with pronounced overlap with the normal range.
Unknown authors · 2007
The paper discusses the phenomenon, mechanism, power requirement, pressure amplitude, and auditory thresholds of microwave hearing. Microwave pulse hearing involves electromagnetic waves from hundreds of MHz to tens of GHz, unlike normal hearing which uses sound pressure waves. The microwave auditory effect does not come from direct interaction with auditory nerves but from a thermoelastic wave launched by pulse absorption in soft tissues. This thermoelastic wave travels by bone conduction to the inner ear and activates cochlear receptors like normal hearing. The paper emphasizes human exposures to wireless communication fields and MRI coils.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers tested 84 young healthy adults on two forced-choice tasks to detect a GSM mobile phone field at 902 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz. Participants completed 600 trials across three conditions per task with a monetary prize for 75% accuracy, but performance was no better than chance and no one won. Two participants scored 97% and 94% in one condition but failed to replicate the result in a retest one month later. Six participants who reported being able to perceive the field performed no better than others.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers analyzed 60 children with acute leukemia and 59 matched controls in a city in North-Western Iran. They assessed exposure to very high voltage power lines of 123, 230, and 400 kilovolts. Fourteen cases (23.5%) lived within 500 meters of such lines compared with two controls (3.3%), giving an odds ratio of 8.67. Fifteen cases (25%) experienced magnetic fields above 0.45 microtesla versus five controls (8.5%), with an odds ratio of 3.60.
