Oral B et al. · 2006
Researchers examined oxidative stress from a 900-MHz mobile phone and the possible protective effects of vitamins E and C on endometrial tissue in rats. Rats were divided into a sham control group, a 900-MHz EMF-exposed group (30 minutes daily for 30 days), and an EMF-exposed group treated with vitamins E and C before each exposure. Malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and the proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were measured in endometrial tissue. The EMF-exposed rats showed increased malondialdehyde levels and apoptosis, while vitamins E and C ameliorated oxidative tissue injury and apoptosis through free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties.
Calota V, Dragoiu S, Meghea A, Giurginca M · 2006
Researchers investigated the decrease of luminol chemiluminescence upon exposure of human blood serum to 50 Hz electric fields. After 1 and 2 hours of in vitro exposure to 50 Hz electric fields of different intensities, the chemiluminescence of luminol decreased compared to controls. The authors indicate this reflects a field-induced decrease in free radical concentration.
Zeng Q, Chen G, Weng Y, Wang L, Chiang H, Lu D, Xu Z. · 2006
Researchers investigated gene and protein responses to GSM 1800 MHz RF EMF in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells using genomic and proteomic approaches. GeneChip analysis identified a handful of changed genes after exposure at SAR up to 3.5 W/kg for 24 hours, but these changes were not confirmed by RT-PCR. Proteome analysis found a few different proteins differentially expressed under continuous or intermittent exposure at SAR 3.5 W/kg for 24 hours or less, but the authors suggest these effects might have occurred by chance.
Zeng QL, Weng Y, Chen GD, Lu DQ, Chiang H, Xu ZP · 2006
Researchers exposed MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to GSM 1800 MHz RF EMF at 3.5 W/kg SAR for various durations and modes. They used 2-dimensional electrophoresis and PDQuest software to analyze protein expression. No differential proteins were found after 6 hours of continuous exposure. Eighteen differential proteins were detected after 3-hour intermittent exposure and seven after 12-hour continuous exposure. The analysis suggested that the differentially expressed proteins should be related to biosynthesization, signal transduction, and DNA damage and repair.
Stankiewicz W et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated whether human blood immune cells activated in vitro would be sensitive to electromagnetic field exposure. The results suggest that immune activity of responding lymphocytes and monocytes can be additionally intensified by 900 MHz microwaves.
Hutter HP, Moshammer H, Wallner P, Kundi M. · 2006
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 365 randomly selected inhabitants living near 10 mobile phone base stations in urban and rural areas. High-frequency electromagnetic field strength was measured in the bedrooms of 336 households, and several cognitive tests, wellbeing, and sleep quality were also assessed. Total HF-EMF exposure was far below recommended levels, with a maximum of 4.1 mW/m2, and average power density was 0.05 mW/m2 in the rural area and 0.02 mW/m2 in the urban area. Some symptoms showed a significant relation to measured power density, headaches most strongly, while sleep quality showed no significant effect.
Henderson SI, Bangay MJ. · 2006
Researchers measured radiofrequency signals from 60 base stations across five Australian cities at distances ranging from 50 to 500 m. All recorded exposure levels were well below the general public exposure limits of the ICNIRP guidelines and the Australian radiofrequency standard (ARPANSA RPS3). The highest level recorded from any single base station was 7.8 x 10(-3) W/m(2), which translates to 0.2% of the general public exposure limit.
Capri M et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and elderly donors to radiofrequency radiation at 1,800 MHz and a Specific Absorption Rate of 2 W/kg, with or without mitogenic stimulation. However, RF exposure produced a slight but significant downregulation of CD95 expression in stimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes from elderly donors only.
Bachmann M et al. · 2006
Researchers applied three different EEG analysis methods to detect changes caused by microwave exposure in healthy volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to 450 MHz microwave radiation modulated at several different frequencies, with a field power density of 0.16 mW/cm2 at the scalp. Statistically significant changes in EEG rhythms energy and dynamics were found in between 12% and 30% of subjects.
Sun LX, Yao K, Jiang H, He JL, Lu DQ, Wang KJ, Li HW · 2006
Researchers exposed cultured human lens epithelial cells to 217 Hz modulated microwave radiation at four SAR levels for 2 hours. DNA single strand breaks were measured using the comet assay immediately after irradiation and at 30 and 60 minutes afterward. At the highest dose, significant DNA damage remained one hour after irradiation and cell proliferation was significantly decreased.
Wilen J, Johansson A, Kalezic N, Lyskov E, Sandstrom M · 2006
Researchers investigated the effect of a mobile phone-like radiofrequency electromagnetic field on people who reported subjective symptoms when using mobile phones. Twenty subjects with mobile phone-related symptoms were matched with 20 controls without such symptoms, and each person took part in one true exposure session and one sham exposure session in random order. No significant differences related to radiofrequency exposure conditions were detected. The symptomatic group displayed a shift in low/high frequency ratio towards sympathetic dominance in the autonomous nervous system during tests, regardless of exposure condition.
Reale M et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated whether overnight exposure to a 1 mT, 50-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field affects the expression of iNOS and MCP-1 in human monocytes. EMF exposure affected iNOS and MCP-1 expression in cultured human mononuclear cells at both the mRNA level and the protein level. iNOS was down-regulated while MCP-1 was up-regulated.
Jelenković A et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to a 50 Hz, 0.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 7 days, while control rats were sham-exposed. Superoxide dismutase activities and production of superoxide radicals, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide were examined in the frontal cortex, striatum, basal forebrain, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Superoxide radicals were significantly increased in all regions examined, and lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the basal forebrain and frontal cortex. The researchers indicated that the 7-day exposure can be harmful to the brain, especially to the basal forebrain and frontal cortex due to development of lipid peroxidation.
Nylund R, Leszczynski D. · 2006
Researchers examined in vitro cell response to mobile phone radiation using two variants of a human endothelial cell line: EA.hy926 and EA.hy926v1. Gene expression changes were examined using cDNA Expression Arrays and protein expression changes were examined using 2-DE and PDQuest software. Gene and protein expression were altered in both examined cell lines after one hour of exposure at an average specific absorption rate of 2.8 W/kg, but the same genes and proteins were differently affected in each line.
Sun LX, Yao K, He JL, Lu DQ, Wang KJ, Li HW. · 2006
Cultured LECs were exposed to 217 Hz modulated 1.8 GHz microwave radiation at specific absorption rates of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 W/kg for 2 hours. DNA single strand breaks were detected with comet assay at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after irradiation. At 1 and 2 W/kg, the difference in DNA breaks between exposure and sham exposure groups was not significant at any detection time. At 3 and 4 W/kg, differences were significant immediately and 30 minutes after irradiation, with the difference disappearing after one hour in the 3 W/kg group but persisting in the 4 W/kg group.
Lixia S et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human lens epithelial cells (hLEC) to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency field at SARs of 1, 2, and 3 W/kg for 2 hours and then measured DNA damage, Hsp70 expression, and cell proliferation. DNA breaks at 1 and 2 W/kg were not significantly different from controls at any time point, while the 3 W/kg dose showed significantly increased DNA damage only at 0 and 30 minutes after exposure. Hsp70 protein expression was significantly increased at 2 and 3 W/kg, but Hsp70 mRNA expression did not change in any group, and cell proliferation was unaffected at all doses.
Zhi-Jie Zheng et al. · 2005
Of 48,573 cardiac disease deaths in this age group, 31,827 (65.5%) occurred out of hospital. The leading underlying causes of out-of-hospital cardiac death were coronary heart disease (28.7%), cardiomyopathy (17.7%), and conduction disorders or dysrhythmias (13.6%). Age-adjusted out-of-hospital cardiac death rates increased from 1989–1990 to 1997–1998 by 11% in men, 33% in women, 11% in African Americans, and 19% in whites.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed human placental cotyledons to magnetic fields of 2 mT and 5 mT at 50 Hz for 3 hours in vitro. They measured the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in cellular DNA. The results suggest that placental tissues possess a capacity to protect DNA against oxidative alterations from magnetic field intensities that have caused DNA damage in rat brain cells and electrolyte imbalances in cotyledons.
Unknown authors · 2005
An overwhelming percentage of general practitioners (up to 96%) to some degree, or totally, believe in a health-relevant role of environmental electromagnetic fields. Two-thirds are consulted occasionally or even frequently by self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitive patients. Only 4% mention having received information on "electromagnetic pollution" from such a source.
Unknown authors · 2005
A hospital-based case-control study at three U.S. centers from 1994 to 1998 enrolled 410 glioma, 178 meningioma, 90 acoustic neuroma cases and 686 controls who reported use of 14 electrical appliances. Ever use of hair dryers was associated with glioma (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.5) but risk did not increase with amount of use, and in men electric shaver use was associated with meningioma (odds ratio = 10.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.3, 50) with odds ratios increasing with cumulative minutes of use, although based on only two nonexposed cases. For most appliances there was little evidence of an association with brain tumors.
Unknown authors · 2005
Residential exposure was calculated as time-weighted average magnetic fields from power lines from 1967 to diagnosis, while occupational exposure was assessed via job titles classified by hours per week above 0.1 μT from 1955 to diagnosis. The two highest residential exposure categories showed elevated odds ratios for all brain tumours (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.9–2.7 and OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.7–2.3), but the risk was not statistically significant and no clear exposure-response pattern emerged. Occupational exposure showed no association with brain tumours for any site, and the occupational exposure groups showed an inverse association.
Unknown authors · 2005
Epidemiological studies have associated a doubling of childhood leukemia risk with exposures above 0.3/0.4 microT. The authors propose that power frequency magnetic fields suppress nocturnal melatonin production, accounting for the observed increased risk of childhood leukemia. Melatonin disruption has been shown in animals, especially with exposure to electric and/or rapid on/off magnetic fields. Support for the hypothesis comes from studies showing magnetic field disruption of melatonin in human populations chronically exposed to both electric and magnetic fields associated with electricity distribution. Melatonin is highly protective against oxidative damage to the human haemopoietic system.
Unknown authors · 2005
The report describes scientific research on health effects from household appliances, regulations, magnetic field strengths near devices, and resulting exposures. Exposure to electric and magnetic fields from most household appliances is below EU recommended levels. No short-term health effects are expected for those appliances. Outdated literature suggests some older equipment still in use may exceed EU levels, but newer appliances meeting European standards are less likely to exceed them. EU exposure levels are based on effects occurring during or shortly after exposure, and research does not point to a link between cancer and household appliance use.
Seitz H, Stinner D, Eikmann T, Herr C, Röösli M. · 2005
Researchers systematically reviewed literature from 2000 to 2004 on electromagnetic hypersensitivity and mobile phone electromagnetic fields, evaluating 13 studies of sufficient quality. Five randomized cross-over studies on impaired well-being from mobile phone exposure gave contradictory results and were limited by short exposure periods and small sample sizes. Observational epidemiological studies showing a positive association between exposure and unspecific symptoms had methodological limitations preventing firm conclusions. In the only provocation study with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity individuals, perception of field status was no better than chance.
Uloziene I, Uloza V, Gradauskiene E, Saferis V. · 2005
The study aimed to assess potential hearing changes from mobile phone electromagnetic fields at 900 and 1800 MHz. Thirty volunteers aged 18 to 30 with normal hearing participated in a within-subject design. Each participant attended two sessions, one with genuine exposure and one with sham exposure, administered double-blind and counterbalanced. Hearing threshold levels on pure tone audiometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions were recorded before and immediately after each 10-minute exposure. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in mean hearing threshold levels or TEOAE shifts before and after either genuine or sham exposure, average TEOAE levels changed less than 2.5 dB, and the greatest individual change was a 10 dB decrease after real exposure.
