Lonn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. · 2004
In this population-based case-control study, researchers identified all cases aged 20 to 69 years diagnosed with acoustic neuroma during 1999 to 2002 in certain parts of Sweden. Controls were randomly selected from the study base, stratified on age, sex, and residential area. The overall odds ratio for acoustic neuroma associated with regular mobile phone use was 1.0 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.6 to 1.5. Ten years after the start of mobile phone use the relative risk increased to 1.9 (0.9-4.1), and for tumors on the same side of the head as the phone was normally used, the relative risk was 3.9 (1.6-9.5). The researchers concluded that there was no increased risk for short-term use but suggested an increased risk for at least 10 years' duration.
Krause CM et al. · 2004
Researchers conducted a double-blind study in which subjects performed a memory task with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz field. All eight significant EEG changes from the earlier study were not significant in this replication. The effect of EMF on incorrect answers was inconsistent, with a significant increase in errors observed in this study but not in the earlier one.
Haarala C et al. · 2004
Researchers studied the effects of a 902 MHz mobile phone EMF on human short term memory using a double blind, multi-centre design. Sixty-four subjects in two laboratories performed an n-back task with memory loads of 0 to 3 items under both EMF and sham exposure. The EMF had no effect on reaction times or accuracy, and performance did not differ between the two laboratories.
Christensen HC et al. · 2004
Researchers ascertained 106 incident acoustic neuroma cases and matched them with 212 population-based controls between 2000 and 2002. Data came from personal interviews, medical records, radiologic examinations, and socioeconomic records. The overall relative risk of acoustic neuroma was 0.90 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.51 to 1.57. Using a cell phone for 10 years or more did not increase risk compared with short-term use. Tumors were not more frequent on the side of the head where the phone was typically used, and tumor size did not correlate with use patterns.
Celik O, Hascalik S. · 2004
The study was planned to determine the effects of electromagnetic fields from cellular phones on baseline fetal heart rate, acceleration, and deceleration. Forty pregnant women undergoing non-stress testing were enrolled. Non-stress tests were recorded while subjects held a cellular phone in standby mode and dialing mode for five minutes each, and also with no phone present for ten minutes.
Capri M et al. · 2004
Researchers studied whether prolonged in vitro exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency could affect human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and elderly donors by altering apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and heat shock protein 70 levels. Three GSM signal modulations (Basic, DTX, and Talk) were applied at specific absorption rates of 1.4 and 2.0 W kg−1. Endpoints were analyzed both with and without the apoptosis-inducing agent 2-deoxy-D-ribose. No significant difference was found between RF-exposed and sham-exposed cells for any endpoint. The 1800 MHz RF did not induce apoptosis on its own, did not alter apoptosis triggered by an agent, and did not change mitochondrial function or HSP 70 expression.
Papageorgiou CC et al. · 2004
Ten women and nine men performed a short memory task during baseline and during exposure to a 900 MHz signal. Baseline EEG energy was higher in men than in women, and EMF exposure decreased EEG energy in men but increased it in women. Memory performance did not change with EMF exposure or gender.
Panagopoulos DJ, Karabarbounis A, Margaritis LH · 2004
The study used GSM mobile phones with a carrier frequency at 900 MHz. Insects were exposed to the near field of the mobile phone antenna for 6 minutes per day during the first 2–5 days of adult life. Modulated radiation decreased reproductive capacity by 50–60% while nonmodulated radiation decreased it by 15–20%. The authors suggested the radiation decreases the rate of cellular processes during gonad development.
Nylund R, Leszczynski D · 2004
Researchers exposed the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 to mobile phone radiation and examined protein expression using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Up to 38 proteins showed statistically significant changes in expression levels after irradiation. Four proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, including two isoforms of the cytoskeletal protein vimentin.
Nagaoka T et al. · 2004
Researchers created realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models for Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight using magnetic resonance imaging. The models consist of 2 mm cubic voxels segmented into 51 anatomic regions. The adult female model is the first of its kind worldwide, and both are the first Asian voxel models enabling numerical evaluation of electromagnetic dosimetry at frequencies up to 3 GHz. The paper describes basic SAR characteristics for VHF/UHF bands calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method.
Martinez-Burdalo M, Martin A, Anguiano M, Villar R · 2004
Peak SAR1g and SAR10g trended downwards as head size decreased. The percentage of energy absorbed in the brain increased with smaller head size. SAR distributions in eyes were very similar between full-size and scaled models.
Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N · 2004
Researchers tested cognitive processing in 11 volunteers using an auditory discrimination task under GSM-standard pulsed electromagnetic field exposure and field-free conditions. After a first test cycle, volunteers relaxed for 50 minutes with or without field exposure, then repeated the test, and data before and after the resting phase were compared. Nine of 11 participants (81.8%) showed worse auditory discrimination performance during field exposure compared to control, with group data reaching statistical significance (P = 0.0105).
Maby E et al. · 2004
Researchers studied GSM phone radiofrequency effects on human cerebral activity using auditory evoked potentials. N100 amplitudes were reduced under GSM radiofrequency influence with mean attenuation of -0.36 microV for healthy subjects and -0.60 microV for epileptic patients. Healthy subjects also showed a N100 latency decrease of -5.23 ms in mean. The auditory cortical activity was modified but an effect on brain functionality has not been proven.
Lonn S, Forssen U, Vecchia P, Ahlbom A, Feychting M. · 2004
Researchers recorded output power for all mobile phone calls managed by the GSM operator Telia Mobile during one week in four defined areas in Sweden. In the rural area, the highest power level was used about 50% of the time, while the lowest power was used only 3% of the time. In city areas, the corresponding numbers were approximately 25% and 22%. The output power distribution in all defined urban areas was similar.
Lonn S et al. · 2004
Researchers used national cancer registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden to obtain cases of benign and malignant primary intracerebral tumors in adults aged 20-79 for the years 1969-98. Overall incidence ranged from 8.4 to 11.8 for men and 5.8 to 9.3 for women, with average annual increases of 0.6% for men and 0.9% for women. The increase was confined to the late 1970s and early 1980s, coinciding with improved diagnostic methods, and incidence remained stable after 1983 during the period of increasing mobile phone use.
Leszczynski D, Nylund R, Joenvaara S, Reivinen J. · 2004
The authors argue that high-throughput screening techniques are justified and necessary for studying biological effects of mobile phone radiation. They present the hsp27 protein as an example, suggesting that even modestly altered expression and activity might impact cell physiology. The full evidence is too large for one article and is being prepared for three separate research articles.
Kimata H. · 2004
Writing mail on a mobile phone increased plasma nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and allergic skin wheal responses in atopic dermatitis patients. Viewing a comic video reduced these neurotrophin levels and allergic skin responses, while a nonhumorous video did not. Previewing the comic video also counteracted the mobile phone-mediated enhancement of neurotrophins and allergic skin wheal responses, whereas the weather video did not.
Hamblin DL, Wood AW, Croft RJ, Stough C. · 2004
Twelve participants completed two sessions one week apart, performing an auditory oddball task during active mobile phone exposure and sham exposure. Each exposure condition lasted one hour and the order was counterbalanced. Real exposure reduced N100 amplitude and latency to non-targets, with larger reductions over midline and right hemisphere sites. Reaction time increased during real exposure, but accuracy did not differ.
Hallberg O, Johansson O. · 2004
Researchers examined the development of mobile phone communication to see how it possibly relates to health impairment of the Swedish population. Official data on mobile phone use and long-term absence from work were collected and their co-variation was used to estimate future long-term absence rates under the hypothesis of a connection.
Curcio G et al. · 2004
Researchers randomly assigned subjects to two groups exposed to 902.40 MHz EMF either before or during testing sessions. Subjects completed four performance tasks under double-blind conditions while tympanic temperature was measured five times per session. Results showed improved simple and choice reaction times and increased local temperature on the exposed region after at least 25 minutes of exposure.
Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Szyjkowska A, Gadzicka E. · 2004
The review investigated subjective symptoms reported by people living near cellular phone base stations. Questionnaire surveys revealed various complaints mostly of the circulatory system, plus sleep disturbances, irritability, depression, blurred vision, concentration difficulties, nausea, lack of appetite, headache and vertigo. Studies showed a relationship between symptom incidence, exposure level, and distance from base stations. This association appeared in both people who attributed symptoms to the base station and those who did not. No studies worldwide found exposures exceeding ICNIRP standards.
Bergamaschi A, Magrini A, Ales G, Coppetta L, Somma G. · 2004
The study aimed to analyze the effects of mobile phone use on thyroid function and evaluate the role of occupational stress. It included 2598 employees with different duties, assessing mobile phone exposure via questionnaire and conversation times. No significant difference in TSH values below 0.4 UI/l was found among workers with different duties, but employees with more than 33 hours per month of conversation time had a significantly greater prevalence of low SH values. The researchers could not determine whether this result was due to EMF exposure or stress.
Berg G, Schuz J, Samkange-Zeeb F, Blettner M. · 2004
Researchers validated self-reported mobile phone use by comparing it with cumulative emitted power measured by software-modified phones used by 45 volunteers for one month. Self-reported call number correlated with cumulative power at 0.50 and call duration at 0.48, each explaining about 23% of the variance in emitted power. Adding confounding factors such as network provider, contract form, and phone model increased explained variance to 26%, while using the phone while driving or in urban or rural areas showed no association with cumulative power.
Barkana Y, Zadok D, Morad Y, Avni I. · 2004
Twenty male and 21 female healthy participants performed a pretest and baseline Esterman visual field examinations with the Humphrey Systems Visual Field Analyzer II. During the consequent third examination, each participant engaged in a hands-free conversation using a cellular phone. During phone conversation, missed points increased significantly in both eyes, fixation loss increased, and test duration per stimulus increased by 15%. Approximately half of missed points were inside the central 30 degrees, and there was no significant difference between male and female participants.
Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA. · 2004
Researchers conducted a study in Saudi Arabia with 437 mobile phone users. The results showed an association between mobile phone use and health hazards, with headache at 21.6%, sleep disturbance at 4.%, tension at 3.9%, fatigue at 3%, and dizziness at 2.4%. The authors concluded that mobile phone use is a risk factor for health hazards and recommended avoiding long-term or excessive use through health promotion activities.
