Mouradi R, Desai N, Erdemir A, Agarwal A · 2012
The aim was to calculate the distance between a cell phone and a semen sample to set up an in vitro experiment that mimics real-life conditions with a phone in a trouser pocket separated by multiple tissue layers. The results indicated that the distance should be 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm greater than the anticipated distance between a cell phone and the testes. A computational model of scrotal tissues was designed considering the separating layers and used in simulations with the Finite Difference Time Domain method.
Ingole IV, Ghosh SK. · 2012
Researchers exposed chick embryos to radiofrequency radiation emitted by a cell phone by varying the duration of exposure to create different doses. Light microscopic examination revealed that developing dorsal root ganglion neurons suffered damage that was dose dependent. The damage persisted even when exposure-free periods were given between exposures.
Han YY et al. · 2012
Researchers compared 343 vestibular schwannoma patients to 343 matched controls and assessed their exposure to medical radiation and wireless phones. After adjusting for multiple factors, dental x-rays once a year (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.01-5.09) or every 2-5 years (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.20-5.85) were associated with higher vestibular schwannoma risk compared to less frequent exposure. Head or head-and-neck CT radiation exposure was associated with reduced risk (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.30-0.90). No association was found between cell phone or cordless phone use and vestibular schwannoma.
Gultekin DH, Moeller L. · 2012
Researchers described a method for measuring absorbed electromagnetic energy from cell phone antennae into ex vivo brain tissue. The method uses NMR thermometry to measure temperature increases via resonance frequency shifts of hydrogen protons. NMR imaging revealed 3D thermal dynamics in ex vivo bovine brain tissue and gel under varying RF fields. Specific absorption rate measurements averaged over 1 mg and 10 s covered the total absorption volume. Fiber optic temperature sensors confirmed the accuracy of the NMR thermometry.
Celikozlu SD et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to magnetic fields via cell phones during prenatal and postnatal periods until the rats were 80 days old. The study measured blood parameters and neurons in the brain of rats. Magnetic field exposure decreased pyramidal neuron numbers 51.15% and increased ischemic neuron numbers 73% at the cortex region of the brain. In the hippocampus, magnetic fields increased the amount of ischemic neurons three-fold compared to the control, while hippocampal pyramidal cell numbers were not affected.
Asbridge M, Brubacher JR · 2012
The study compared 312 drivers in crashes with police-reported cell phone use to 936 propensity-matched drivers without cell phone use. Cell phone use was associated with an odds ratio of 1.70 for crash culpability. The association remained after adjustment for matching variables and other covariates. Subgroup analyses showed the association for male drivers, unimpaired drivers, injured and non-injured drivers, and drivers aged 26 to 65 years.
Singh HP, Sharma VP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. · 2012
Researchers investigated the biochemical mechanism of 900 MHz cell phone electromagnetic field radiation interference with root formation in mung bean hypocotyls. Exposure enhanced protease, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activities in hypocotyls compared to controls. Exposure also increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and proline content, indicating reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase were upregulated, suggesting a protective role against oxidative damage. The study concluded that cell phone radiations affect rhizogenesis through biochemical alterations manifesting as oxidative damage resulting in root impairment.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J · 2012
Researchers analyzed a new dataset of DNBC children to see if a larger group would produce similar results after considering additional confounders. The highest odds ratio for behavioral problems was observed in children with both prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure compared to unexposed children, with an adjusted effect estimate of 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.7). The findings replicated earlier results showing an association between cell phone use and behavioral problems at age 7 years, not limited to early users. Although the association was weaker in the new dataset, it remained after further control for an extended set of potential confounders.
Yang L, Hao D, Wang M, Zeng Y, Wu S, Zeng Y. · 2012
Researchers exposed NIH/3T3 cells to 916 MHz continuous microwave radiation for 2 h per day at power densities of 10, 50, and 90 w/m(2). After 5 to 8 weeks, the exposed cells showed changes in morphology and proliferation and formed colonies in soft agar after another 3 to 4 weeks. When injected into SCID mice, the exposed cells produced lumps on the animals' backs after more than 4 weeks.
Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Henshel D, Yakymenko I. · 2012
Researchers exposed fresh fertilized Japanese quail eggs to GSM 900 MHz cell phone radiation at 0.2 μW/cm² for either 38 hours or 14 days. The 38-hour exposure significantly increased the number of differentiated somites, and the 14-day exposure significantly increased total embryo survival. Hatchlings from exposed eggs showed significantly higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in brain and liver tissue.
Terro F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed cultured cerebral cortical cells to GSM-900MHz at 0.25W/kg for 24 h using a wire-patch cell. Exposure caused a ~0.5°C temperature rise but did not induce apoptosis. HSC70 increased by 26% and HSP90 decreased slightly (<10%). α-synuclein decreased by 24% without changes in active lysosome localization, indicating independence from CMA. Similar effects were seen when cells were incubated at 37.5°C, suggesting the changes were due to temperature rise.
Ruan P, Yong J, Shen H, Zheng X · 2012
At ultra-low power densities of 15 μW/cm(2) and 31 μW/cm(2) with exposure up to 30 minutes, the cells showed no obvious real-time responses. At higher power densities of 1 mW/cm(2) and 5 mW/cm(2), the cells exhibited significant changes in shape, size, and hemoglobin absorption spectrum parameters.
Dhami AK. · 2012
Researchers measured microwave and RF radiation power densities near schools and hospitals in Chandigarh city in India. The highest measured power density was 11.48 mW/m(2) which is 1,148% of the biological limit. The measured values were compared with international exposure limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
Shine MB, Guruprasad KN, Anand A · 2012
Researchers treated soybean seeds with static magnetic fields of 150 and 200 mT for 1 hour and measured reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activity. Magnetic field treatment resulted in enhanced production of ROS mediated by cell wall peroxidase, while ascorbic acid content, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased in the hypocotyl of germinating seeds. The researchers described these findings as their first report on the biochemical basis of enhanced germination and seedling growth in magnetically treated soybean seeds in relation to increased ROS production.
Pilla AA · 2012
Researchers tested how a non-thermal pulse-modulated RF signal affected nitric oxide release in dopaminergic MN9D neuronal cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides and in human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum. In dopaminergic MN9D cultures, the signal produced an immediate nearly three-fold increase in nitric oxide, measured in real-time using a nitric oxide selective membrane electrode. In human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum and exposed for 15 minutes to the same signal, nitric oxide increased nearly two-fold, and this increase could be blocked by the calmodulin antagonist W-7.
Pakhomova ON et al. · 2012
Researchers assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured cells and media exposed to 300-ns pulsed electric fields at 1 to 13 kV/cm. In cell-free media, the pulsed electric field facilitated conversion of H2DCF into the fluorescent marker DCF, an effect reduced by catalase but not by mannitol or superoxide dismutase, and not related to heating. The researchers concluded that bioeffects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields are not limited to electropermeabilization, and that concurrent ROS formation may lead to cell stimulation and/or oxidative cell damage.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100 µT for 24 hours followed by chemical exposure for 3 hours. The chemicals used were menadione and methyl methanesulphonate to induce DNA damage and micronucleus formation. Pre-treatment with magnetic fields enhanced menadione-induced DNA damage, DNA repair rate, and micronucleus formation. Similar effects were seen with methyl methanesulphonate but were not statistically significant. No effects were observed from magnetic field exposure alone.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on bovine lung membrane carbonic anhydrase. A 75 Hz field decreased enzyme activity by 17% with a threshold of about 0.74 mT. The effect was independent of exposure duration and completely reversible. Solubilizing the enzyme with Triton eliminated the field effect, indicating the membrane linkage is essential.
Unknown authors · 2011
After 15 days, nine new proteins involved in cellular defense, organization, and proliferation appeared, including peroxiredoxin isoenzymes (2, 3, and 6), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, actin cytoplasmatic 2, t-complex protein subunit beta, ropporin-1A, profilin-2, and spindlin-1. ELF-MF exposure altered proliferative status, cell growth pattern, and cytoskeletal organization, supporting a hypothesis that ELF radiation could trigger a shift toward a more invasive phenotype.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers investigated the effects of extremely low frequency EMF on intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular function in RBL 2H3 cells. Exposure to EMF at 0.1 or 1 mT for 4 or 16 hours did not produce cytotoxic effects in RBL 2H3 cells. Melittin, ionomycin, and thapsigargin each dose-dependently increased intracellular calcium concentration. The calcium increases induced by these agents were not affected by EMF exposure. EMF exposure also did not affect basal or melittin-induced beta-hexosaminidase release.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers tested whether separate cell populations physically interfere when incubated in close proximity. They used immortalized mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and adult human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECad) seeded in separate polystyrene Petri dishes. Dishes with NIH3T3 cells were placed on top of dishes with endothelial cells at distances of 4mm and 11mm. Cell number and morphology of both cell types were modified in dishes without the black filter, suggesting signals transmitted through the polystyrene walls affected proliferation and morphology.
Le Quement C et al · 2011
Researchers exposed primary human skin cells to 60.4 GHz radiation at 1.8 mW/cm² for 1, 6, or 24 hours. They used gene expression microarrays with over 41,000 probes to compare exposed and sham cells. No significant gene expression differences were found using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. A t-test identified 130 potentially modulated transcripts. Real-time PCR on 24 selected genes confirmed five genes (CRIP2, PLXND1, PTX3, SERPINF1, TRPV2) as differentially expressed after 6 hours.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed two human cancer cell lines to a 2.2 GHz pulse-modulated radar-like signal for 24 hours at an average SAR of 0.023 W/kg. The exposure was subthermal with a temperature rise below 0.1 °C. NB69 neuroblastoma cells showed a 13.5% reduction in cell number and increases in G0/G1 and G2/M phase proportions, while HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells did not respond.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed cultured human dermal papilla cells to 1,763 MHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg. IGF-1 mRNA expression was significantly induced, leading to increased BCL-2 and CCND1 proteins and increased phosphorylation of MAPK1. Exposure for 1 hour per day over 7 days significantly enhanced hair shaft elongation in ex vivo hair organ cultures. In follicular matrix keratinocytes, Ki-67 expression increased and TUNEL signaling decreased. The authors suggest that 1,763 MHz RF exposure stimulates hair growth in vitro through IGF-1 induction in dermal papilla cells.
