Unknown authors · 2020
The study used 32 adult male BALB/c mice divided into four groups: control, melatonin (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days), RF-EMR exposure (900 MHz, 100 to 300 MT, 54 to 160 W/m, 4 hours per day whole body), and melatonin plus RF-EMR. After exposure, researchers evaluated oxidative stress parameters, testosterone level, and testicular histopathology. RF-EMR exposure induced oxidative stress, testicular tissue damage, and decreased testosterone. Melatonin treatment improved oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), testis injury score, increased germinal epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone in EMR-exposed mice, with significant differences (p < .05).
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers randomly divided 120 Wistar rats into ten groups of 12 and exposed them to RF-EMF, 10 cGy x-rays, 8 Gy x-rays, combinations of these, or sham exposure. They measured liver enzymes in serum, as well as histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers including MDA, nitric oxide, antioxidant power, total thiols, and PCO. Gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated with irradiation, but aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed some association. MDA and PCO levels increased after 8 Gy irradiation, but pre-exposure to RF-EMF modulated these changes, and lobular inflammation frequency was associated with the intervention type.
Azimzadeh M, Jelodar G · 2020
The study examined the effects of 900 MHz RFW on brain iron, copper, zinc, and manganese concentrations and the protective role of vitamin E. Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, vitamin E only, vitamin E plus RFW exposure, and RFW exposure only. The rats were exposed to RFW for 30 consecutive days at 4 hours per day while freely moving in the cage. Brain tissue levels of the elements were measured on the last day using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Exposure significantly increased iron, copper, manganese, and the copper-to-zinc ratio while decreasing zinc, and vitamin E pre-treatment improved iron, copper, manganese, and the ratio but not zinc.
Unknown authors · 2020
The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves on neuronal response properties in rat barrel cortexSistani S et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed 29 male Wistar rats to Wi-Fi radiation for 1 hour and recorded neuronal responses in the barrel cortex. Wi-Fi radiation decreased the condition test ratio for ON responses. Spontaneous activity and ON and OFF responses were not significantly changed. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi radiation could modulate integrative responses to natural stimuli in barrel cortex.
Unknown authors · 2019
Forty-eight adult rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, PTZ, PTZ-rTMS, and PTZ-Sham. The PTZ groups received pentylenetetrazol (35 mg/kg/d) once daily for 15 days, while the PTZ-rTMS and PTZ-Sham groups received low-frequency rTMS or sham stimulation over two weeks. Behavioral tests including the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, and forced swimming test were performed before the experiment and on days 8 and 15. Two weeks of low-frequency rTMS did not reduce seizure severity but significantly reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and attenuated declines in open-field and elevated plus-maze measures.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers induced traumatic brain injury in mice using a weight-drop method once daily for three days. Low-field magnetic stimulation was applied for 20 minutes once daily for four days immediately after each injury. Mice receiving the stimulation showed significant improvement in cognitive and motor tests including open field exploration, rotarod, and novel location recognition. The treatment increased cellular prion protein and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein in cortical and hippocampal regions, and increased neuronal nuclei in the cortex. Proteins related to circadian rhythm decreased in stimulated mice compared with sham-treated mice.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers administered low-dose MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats from postnatal day 6 to 10 and examined whether a static magnetic field altered its effects. Behavioral testing with Morris water maze, open field test, rotarod, and elevated plus maze was conducted on postnatal days P60-63 to assess learning, memory, locomotion, and anxiety. Low-dose MK-801 alone did not produce significant adverse effects, but combined with static magnetic field exposure it caused adverse effects on anxiety, locomotion, learning, and memory.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study aimed to examine microtubule polymerization and structural behavior in brain and sperm of rats exposed to a 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Twenties adult male rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, and semen and brain samples were split into four groups for microtubule polymerization analysis. There were no significant differences in testosterone, corticosterone, anxiety behavior, or sperm morphology between groups, but sperm viability, total motility, and progressive motility were significantly higher after exposure. Microtubule polymerization in sperm was significantly higher in the exposed group, and the secondary and tertiary structures of tubulin were significantly affected in both brain and sperm.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed 80 adult male rats to ELF-EMFs at 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT, 50 Hz, 2 hours daily for up to 60 days and immunized them on days 31, 44, and 58. Gene expression of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα in the thymus did not change significantly at any flux density. In the spleen, RORα and c-Maf expression was significantly downregulated at 1 and 100 µT, while STAT6 expression decreased significantly only at 100 µT. The authors concluded that low magnetic flux densities of ELF-EMFs may reduce expression of these genes in the spleen.
Baek S, Choi H, Park H, Cho B, Kim S, Kim J · 2019
Researchers found that a hypomagnetic field environment attenuates differentiation capacity and is detrimental to cell fate changes during in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Hypomagnetic field conditions cause abnormal DNA methylation through dysregulation of DNA methyltransferase3b expression, resulting in incomplete DNA methylation during differentiation. The results suggest that an appropriate electromagnetic field environment may be essential for favorable epigenetic remodeling during cell fate determination via differentiation.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed mice to pulsed LTE 1846 MHz downlink signals from gestation day 13.5 to postnatal day 21 at SARs of 0.5 or 1 W/kg. Behavioral tracking measured locomotor, drinking, and feeding behavior in the home cage from 12 to 28 weeks of age. Exposure at 0.5 W/kg significantly decreased drinking frequency and distance moved compared to sham controls. Exposure at 1 W/kg significantly increased drinking frequency and moving duration compared to sham controls.
Unknown authors · 2019
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers divided 24 male Wistar albino rats into four groups and exposed one group to 2100 MHz radiation for 30 minutes over a 90-day experiment. Subcutaneous melatonin was injected into a third group and given 40 minutes before radiation to a fourth group. Radiation caused neuronal edema, fewer neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3, Purkinje neuron displacement, and dark neurons. Radiation activated the NMDA-receptor 2B/Calpain-1/Caspase-12 pathway, and melatonin did not demonstrate protective effects.
Unknown authors · 2019
Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, pseudo-exposed, and EMF groups, with the EMF group receiving a 900-MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 25 days. Following exposure, behavioral tests were performed for seven days before the animals were euthanized and their brains removed. Brain sections were stained with toluidine blue and pyramidal neuron numbers in CA1, CA2-3, and hilus and granule neuron numbers in the dentate gyrus were estimated using optical fractionation. The EMF group showed statistically higher numbers of both pyramidal and granule neurons than the pseudo-exposed group, and histopathological examination revealed cytoplasmic disruption in those neurons.
Yahyazadeh A et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar albino rats to electromagnetic field radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days and assessed spinal cords using stereological, biochemical, and histological methods. The electromagnetic field group had fewer motor neurons and higher superoxide dismutase levels than the control group. Thymoquinone treatment increased motor neuron numbers and decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared to the electromagnetic field group.
Unknown authors · 2019
Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, EMF, luteolin, and EMF + luteolin. EMF exposure reduced Leydig cells, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids, increased SOD activity, and decreased testis wet weight and serum testosterone. Luteolin treatment increased those cell counts, restored testis weight and testosterone, and decreased SOD activity compared with EMF alone.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed three groups of rats to 1,800-MHz EMF for 6, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days during prenatal development. On postnatal day 60, liver tissue and blood were analyzed for biochemical and histological changes. Exposed groups showed significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower glutathione levels compared to controls. Serum calcium, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated, while liver tissue total oxidant status increased and total antioxidant status decreased. Histology revealed extensive vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes, and the authors concluded that intrauterine liver damage persists into puberty.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz EMF for 2 hours daily over 8 weeks and measured effects on male reproductive parameters. EMF exposure significantly decreased sperm count, viability and motility and increased sperm deformities. EMF-exposed rats showed significant reductions in serum inhibin B and testosterone along with elevated activin A, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol concentrations. Testicular StAR protein, c-kit mRNA expression, and activities of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were significantly attenuated after EMF exposure. Spermine administered at 2.5 mg/Kg/day intraperitoneally for 8 weeks prevented EMF-induced alterations in sperm and hormone profiles, StAR and c-kit expression, and androgenic enzyme activities.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers isolated preantral follicles from 16 to 18 day-old NMRI mice and divided them into control and cell phone-exposed groups, culturing them for 12 days. Follicle diameters and rates of survival, antrum formation, ovulation, and metaphase II oocytes were all significantly lower in the cell phone-exposed group. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPX, and CAT) and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in exposed follicles, while MDA levels were significantly higher.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed type 2 diabetic rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation from a GSM antenna for 24 hours per day over 28 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of twelve: control rats, normal rats exposed to radiation, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats exposed to radiation. Radiation exposure nonsignificantly reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic rats compared to unexposed diabetic rats. Radiation exposure increased hepatic malondialdehyde and Nrf-2 levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but decreased phosphorylated Akt-2 in diabetic rats.
Unknown authors · 2019
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours daily over 6 months. Exposure increased oxidative stress markers including TOS, OSI, MDA, and 8-OHdG, while decreasing total antioxidant status. DNA damage measured by comet assay showed higher tail intensities in exposed groups.
Tsoy A et al. · 2019
Zheng Y, Ma XX, Dong L, Gao Y, Tian L. · 2019
Researchers applied single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic fields with an intensity of 1 mT to rat hippocampal slices in vitro to study effects on long-term potentiation (LTP) in synaptic plasticity. The amplitude of fEPSPs decreased significantly under both single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic stimulation. The 15-Hz single-frequency stimulation showed the most significant regulatory effect, but mixing it with higher frequencies significantly weakened that effect. The regulating effect among four different hybrid-frequency ELF-EMF stimulations on LTP showed no significant differences.
