Masoumi A, Karbalaei N, Mortazavi SMJ, Shabani M. · 2018
The Wi-Fi exposure used a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The Wi-Fi exposed group had significantly lower weight gain than controls and developed hyperglycemia. Plasma insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets were significantly reduced, while pancreatic lipid peroxidation increased and GSH, SOD, and GPx activities decreased.
Kerimoğlu G, Güney C, Ersöz Ş, Odacı E. · 2018
Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21 days were divided into control, sham, and EMF groups, and the EMF group was exposed to a 900-MHz field for one hour each day from postnatal day 21 to 59. Histopathological examination showed normal Schwann cells and axons in all groups, but marked thickening of the epineurium in the EMF-exposed rats. Biochemical analysis found higher MDA, SOD, and CAT levels in the EMF group versus control and sham, and the apoptotic index was significantly increased in the EMF group.
Kamali K, Taravati A, Sayyadi S, Gharib FZ, Maftoon H. · 2018
Researchers exposed male Wister rats to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation continuously for 10 weeks. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma and activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD decreased significantly in exposed rats. GST activity increased significantly in the exposed group. GSH and TBARS levels did not change significantly after exposure.
Comelekoglu U et al. · 2018
Researchers divided rats into four groups: control, paricalcitol only, RF exposure only, and RF plus paricalcitol. Rats in the RF groups were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF radiation for 1 hour per day for 4 weeks. RF exposure caused significant reduction in nerve signal amplitude, prolonged latency, increased malondialdehyde levels, increased catalase activity, and degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Paricalcitol administration partially ameliorated these neuropathic changes.
Bahreyni Toossi MH et al. · 2018
Pregnant Balb/C mice were exposed to mobile phone radiation (900–1800 MHz) for 2 hours per day over 20 days during pregnancy. Researchers measured malondialdehyde, total thiol groups, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in heart, liver, kidney, cerebellum, and hippocampus tissues of dams and offspring. MDA levels were significantly increased while TTG, SOD, and CAT were significantly decreased in the tissues of both dams and offspring.
Martínez-Sámano J et al. · 2018
Zuo H, Liu X, Wang D, Li Y, Xu X, Peng R, Song T. · 2018
Researchers created an Alzheimer's disease rat model using D-galactose and Aβ25-35 injections, then exposed the animals to 50 Hz and 400 µT ELF-MF for 60 continuous days. ELF-MF exposure partially improved the cognitive disorder and upregulated the levels of RKIP, TAK1, and the RKIP/TAK1 interaction, but downregulated p-IKK levels in AD rats. The researchers suggested that ELF-MF exposure might have a potential therapeutic value for AD.
Hong I et al. · 2018
Researchers delivered low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at 10 mT and at frequencies of 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes. Both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. The effects were frequency-specific, with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release.
Erdal ME, Yılmaz SG, Gürgül S, Uzun C, Derici D, Erdal N. · 2018
Researchers examined the effects of long-term ELF-MF exposure on miRNAs previously related to brain and human diseases, including miR-26b-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-107, and miR-125a-3p. Male and female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into sham and ELF-MF exposed groups, and after sacrifice, blood samples and brain tissues were collected. All miRNA expression levels in young female rats showed a significant decrease in blood compared to brain samples, though fewer miRNAs showed a similar significant decrease in blood.
Bobkova NV et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of a weak combined magnetic field on spatial memory and brain amyloid-β in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Exposure to the magnetic fields for 4 hours per day for 10 days decreased amyloid-β levels in the brains of OBE mice and reduced the number of amyloid-β plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of transgenic mice. Memory improvement was seen in transgenic mice only, not in OBE animals.
Akbarnejad Z et al. · 2018
Researchers injected amyloid-β 1-42 into the lateral ventricle of rats to establish an Alzheimer's disease model, then exposed some groups to a 50 Hz, 10 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field for 14 consecutive days. AD rats showed significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats, and spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. The researchers found that the magnetic field improved learning and memory impairments and suggested it also disrupted the processes of AD rat model formation.
Li R et al. · 2018
Mouse spermatocyte-derived cells (GC-2) were exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 4 W/kg for 24 hours. The exposure induced both autophagy and DNA damage in GC-2 cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species. When autophagy was blocked by knocking down AMPKα, DNA damage increased, while overexpressing AMPKα promoted autophagy and reduced DNA damage.
Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. · 2018
Researchers exposed cultured mouse spermatogonial GC1 and spermatocyte GC2 cell lines, as well as cauda epididymal spermatozoa, to continuous wave RF-EMR at 1.8 GHz at 0.15 and 1.5 W/kg. A 4-hour exposure increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in GC1 cells (7 vs. 18%; p < 0.001) and GC2 cells (11.5 vs. 16%; p < 0.01), with Complex III of the electron transport chain identified as the potential source. Exposure at 0.15 W/kg for 3 hours induced significant DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa (p < 0.05), though this was no longer significant after 4 hours. After 4 hours of exposure, spermatozoa showed significant oxidative DNA damage in the form of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (p < 0.05) and a decline in sperm motility (p < 0.05).
Seif F, Bayatiani MR, Ansarihadipour H, Habibi G, Sadelaji S · 2018
Researchers divided adult male rats into three groups: a control group, a group exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF), and a group given Myrtus communis extract before ELFMF exposure. The magnetic field was set at 0.7 mT and 50 Hz, applied for two hours a day for one month. ELFMF exposure decreased plasma antioxidant power and significantly increased markers of oxidative damage, including protein carbonyl, methemoglobin, and hemichrome concentrations. Administration of M. communis extract increased antioxidant power and decreased plasma protein carbonyl, methemoglobin, and hemichrome concentrations.
Glinka M et al. · 2018
Researchers assessed the impact of static magnetic fields of different intensities on redox homeostasis in cultures of fibroblasts. Six chambers with field flux densities varying from 0.1 to 0.7 T were used in the research. ATP concentration and the generation of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, remained stable, while the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased.
Dinčić M et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed Wistar albino rats to upward- or downward-oriented static magnetic fields for 50 days, then measured enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers in synaptosomes isolated from the whole rat brain. Chronic exposure to 1 mT static magnetic field significantly increased ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities, and raised malondialdehyde levels in both exposed groups compared to controls. Synaptosomal catalase activity was significantly decreased in the group exposed to the downward-oriented field compared to both the control group and the upward-oriented field group.
Abstract Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz) have widespread usage almost everywhere et al. · 2017
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13102818.2017.1373033 -- Topsakal S et al. · 2017
Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into sham and exposure groups, with the exposure group receiving 2.4 GHz RFR from a Wi-Fi generator 24 hours per day for one year at a distance of 50 cm. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At 6000 Hz, DPOAE values were lower in the exposure group than in the sham group, and at 12 months they were also lower than baseline and 6-month values; at 2000 Hz, DPOAE values at 6 and 12 months were higher than baseline.
Open access paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5585657/ -- Yorgancilar E et al. · 2017
Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into sham and exposure groups. The exposure group received 2.4 GHz RFR from a Wi-Fi generator for 24 h/day for one year at a distance of 50 cm. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured at baseline, at 6 months, and at 12 months. At 6000 Hz, DPOAE values in the exposure group were lower than in the sham group and also lower at 12 months than at baseline and 6 months, while at 2000 Hz DPOAE values at 6 and 12 months were higher than baseline.
Unknown authors · 2017
Pregnant mice were exposed continuously to 7.5 kHz magnetic fields at 12 and 120 μT from mating until weaning. The 12 μT group performed better on the Rotarod task and the 120 μT group swam more slowly in the Morris swim task, but these findings were considered likely due to chance. Histopathological analysis revealed no effect on astroglial reactivity or hippocampal neurogenesis.
Unknown authors · 2017
The study examined how low-frequency magnetic fields affect morphine tolerance in rats. Rats received morphine 10 mg/kg daily for eight days and were exposed to magnetic fields at 50 Hz (1, 50, 100 µT) before, immediately, or 30 minutes after each injection, and also to 0.5, 6, 12, and 30 Hz at 100 µT before injection. Exposure to 50 Hz at 1 µT and 30 Hz at 100 µT immediately before injection, and 50 Hz at 100 µT after injection, prevented tolerance, whereas exposure to 50 Hz at 1, 50, and 100 µT 30 minutes after injection did not preserve analgesia.
Lewis RC et al. · 2017
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models for an EAS system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures insignificantly influenced dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Although safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded, infants had higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues than adults, by 1.5 times at 125 kHz and 112 times at 13.56 MHz. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not induce higher SAR values. The numerical models developed, including stroller and postured infant models, could be freely used for nonprofit academic research.
Unknown authors · 2017
Unknown authors · 2017
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 900-MHz EMF for 21 days (60 minutes per day) while a control group received no exposure. EMF exposure caused a significant reduction in pyramidal and granular cells in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum compared with the other groups. Treatment with folic acid or Boswellia sacra prevented this neuronal loss, resulting in cell counts similar to unexposed controls.
Zhang JP et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed adolescent male mice to a 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field for 4 weeks. Depression-like behavior, spatial memory ability, and brain histology did not change obviously after exposure. Anxiety-like behavior increased, and levels of GABA and aspartic acid in the cortex and hippocampus significantly decreased.
