Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
The study examined how radiofrequency radiation affects glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. RF exposure alone marginally affected cell proliferation but significantly increased glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Glutamate raised ROS levels and RF exposure further increased ROS production. NAC treatment completely abrogated glutamate- and RF-induced ROS production and cell death, restoring cell proliferation. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor restored cell proliferation.
Çeliker M et al. · 2016
Fourteen adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups of seven, with the study group exposed continuously for 30 days to a 2100 MHz GSM-like electromagnetic field at 5.4 dBm (3.47 mW) to simulate mobile phone talk mode. Auditory brainstem responses recorded after 30 days did not differ significantly between exposed and control rats. Histopathologic analysis showed increased degeneration signs in the exposed group (p = 0.007), and immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased apoptotic index (p = 0.002).
Rowley JT, Joyner KH. · 2016
The study analyzed more than 50 million data points from the Italian national fixed RF monitoring network operating from June 2002 to November 2006. They used a modified Regression on Order Statistics approach to handle the 39.8% of entries below the detection sensitivity. The mean mobile communications band level was 0.047 μW/cm(2) for 2005-2006, and annual wideband levels varied by no more than 18% over 2002-2006. The authors concluded that mean environmental RF levels from cellular mobile communications systems are typically less than 0.1 μW/cm(2).
Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. · 2016
Researchers exposed rat PC12 cells to a 1.8 GHz 217-GSM signal at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. AChE enzyme activity was measured by Ellman's method, mRNA by real-time PCR, and protein by Western blotting. AChE enzymatic activity increased 1.4-fold in exposed cells, while mRNA and protein expression were not affected. The authors report this as the first evidence of RF-EMF effects on AChE activity in mammalian cells at this SAR.
Tanvir S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human CPR to 1966-MHz RF for 60 minutes using a TEM cell in an incubator at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5W·kg(-1). The Michaelis Menten constant (Km) and maximum initial velocity (Vmax) decreased by 22% compared with controls. Conformational changes were detected via fluorescent spectroscopy of flavin and tryptophan residues and investigated with circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and microelectrophoresis.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Hashemi-Beni B, Ahmadi Z. · 2016
Researchers exposed human adipose-derived stem cells to GSM 900 MHz radiation at 354.6 µW/cm2 for 6 to 21 minutes per day over 5 days at 20 cm distance. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay and cell viability with trypan blue test. Proliferation rates were significantly lower in all exposure groups compared to controls except for the 6 minutes per day group. The authors concluded that 900 MHz RF radiation can reduce cell viability and proliferation rates depending on exposure duration.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2016
The study investigated the effects of radiofrequency radiation from GSM mobile phones on insulin release in rats. RF radiation did not alter insulin release in the rats. Mild to severe inflammatory changes in the portal spaces of the liver and damage to the cells of the islet of Langerhans were observed. The changes were linked to the duration of exposure.
Mina D et al. · 2016
The study investigated the effects of radiofrequency EMR from a DECT base on the immune responses of the Aegean wall lizard. Adult male lizards were exposed 24 h/day for 8 weeks to 1880-1900 MHz DECT base radiation at an average electric field intensity of 3.2 V/m. Inflammatory responses were suppressed by approximately 45% in exposed lizards compared to sham-exposed animals. T cell-mediated responses were marginally affected. Immune reactivity was assessed using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin swelling and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) tests.
He Q, Sun Y, Zong L, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm(2) power intensity for 3 hours/day for 5 days. The study measured PARP-1 mRNA and protein levels at multiple time points after exposure using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Cells exposed to radiofrequency fields showed significantly increased PARP-1 mRNA and protein levels, while sham-exposed cells did not show such changes.
Gläser K et al. · 2016
Researchers irradiated human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and HL-60 cells at GSM (900 MHz), UMTS (1,950 MHz), and LTE (2,535 MHz) frequencies, at intensities ranging from 0 to 4 W/kg SAR, for short and long exposure periods. Studied endpoints included apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair. In all but one endpoint, no clear effect of mobile phone radiation was detected; the only alteration was a small but statistically significant decrease in DNA damage in HSC exposed to GSM modulation for 4 hours.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016
Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.
Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Uncu İ, Binokay S, Demirhan O. · 2016
Researchers exposed adult Xenopus laevis frogs to GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at 900 MHz for 8 hours a day over a 5-week period, then measured effects on the embryos produced from different combinations of exposed and unexposed parents. In the control group, 2.2% of embryos were abnormal and none were dead; when only males were exposed, embryo abnormality rose to 3.3% and dead embryos rose to 8.3%. When only females were exposed, abnormal and dead embryo rates each reached 11.7%; when both parents were exposed, dead embryos reached 15% and abnormal embryos reached 11.7%. Offspring of RF-exposed females also showed more aggressive behavior compared with the control group.
Bhatt CR, Redmayne M, Billah B, Abramson MJ, Benke G. · 2016
Researchers measured radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures in kindergarten children in Melbourne, Australia. Measurements covered 16 frequency bands between 88 MHz and 5.8 GHz. The median environmental exposure across all bands was 179 mV/m, while the median personal exposure across all bands was 81 mV/m.
Sun C, Wei X, Fei Y, Su L, Zhao X, Chen G, Xu Z. · 2016
Researchers compared the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on genomic DNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts with proficient (Atm+/+) or deficient (Atm−/−) ATM. In Atm+/+ cells, exposure for 1 hour at an average special absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg induced significant DNA single-strand breaks and activated the SSB repair mechanism. That repair effect reduced DNA damage to less than background levels after 36 hours of exposure. In Atm−/− cells, the same RF-EMF exposure for 12 hours induced both SSBs and double-strand breaks and activated the two repair processes, also reducing damage below the control level after prolonged exposure. The researchers described this as the first reported hormesis-like effect of an RF-EMF.
Ji Y, He Q, Sun Y, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016
Researchers preexposed mouse bone-marrow stromal cells to 900-MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day for 5 days, then exposed some cells to 1.5 Gy gamma radiation. Radiofrequency exposure alone produced no significant differences in DNA strand breaks compared to control cells. When radiofrequency preexposure was followed by gamma radiation, the number of DNA strand breaks was significantly decreased and repair was faster compared to gamma radiation alone.
Şahin D et al. · 2016
The main finding was increased oxidative DNA damage in the brain after 10 days of exposure, while after 40 days oxidative DNA damage was decreased compared to control groups. A decreased level of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA was also observed after 40 days of exposure.
Sırav B, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers used young adult male and female Wistar albino rats to investigate whether pulse modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radio-frequency radiation affects the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Permeability was measured by quantifying Evans blue dye that passed into the brain after intravenous injection. In both male radio-frequency radiation exposed groups, blood-brain barrier permeability was found to be increased compared with controls, with 1800 MHz found more effective in males. For female rats, 900 MHz exposure was associated with increased permeability, but no statistical difference was found between the 1800 MHz exposed and control groups.
(E) Barthélémy A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats for 15 minutes at 0, 1.5, or 6 W/kg, or for 45 minutes at 6 W/kg, to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Memory, emotionality, and locomotion were tested using fear conditioning, the elevated plus maze, and the open field. Long-term memory was reduced and cytosolic GFAP was increased in the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb at 6 W/kg. No MBP or Aβ1–40 expression modification was shown. The study suggests that RF EMF-induced astrogliosis had functional consequences on memory but did not demonstrate that it was secondary to neuronal damage.
Yildirim et al. · 2015
Researchers aimed to assess the potential harmful effects of radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation on sperm parameters. They collected semen samples and asked 1082 men to complete an anonymous questionnaire, excluding 51 with azoospermia. Increased internet usage was associated with decreased total motile sperm count and progressive motile sperm count. Wireless internet usage compared with wired connection was linked to lower progressive motile sperm count.
Unknown authors · 2015
Tomitsch J, Dechant E et al · 2015
In revisited households, median ELF electric fields decreased from 23.20 V/m in 2006 to 13.90 V/m in 2012, median all-night ELF magnetic fields at 50 Hz decreased from 13.50 to 11.37 nT, and median total RF-EMFs increased from 28.13 to 52.16 µW/m². The highest RF-EMF increases were for UMTS and WLAN, urban areas had higher median total RF-EMFs (117.73 µW/m²) than rural areas (34.52 µW/m²), and LTE at 2600 MHz was detected at 17 locations up to 38.20 µW/m². Indoor sources showed decreased exposure in the DECT frequency range and increased exposure in the WLAN frequency range.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers used network operator data to validate self-reported start year of mobile phone use in a case-control study of acoustic neuroma risk. The validation included 96 cases (29%) and 111 controls (22%), with cases showing more complete subscription history reporting. Agreement categorized into short, intermediate, and long-term use was moderate with a kappa statistic of 0.42.
Freudenstein F et al · 2015
The study evaluated respondents' risk perception of different RF EMF sources and their subjective knowledge about exposure characteristics. Results showed participants were more concerned about base stations than all other RF EMF sources. A linear regression indicated that exposure characteristics except distance influence general RF EMF risk perception. Better exposure knowledge tended to lead to higher risk perception, especially for mobile phones.
Paul B et al · 2015
The authors state that radiofrequency waves generated from mobile phones cause potential public health problems. They report that short-term effects like changes in sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure and long-term effects like carcinoma are well documented. They note that the Government of India's regulatory efforts are still in a nascent stage.
Gryz K et al · 2015
Researchers modeled personal exposimeters measuring electric fields from 98–2450 MHz using a human body model and finite integration technique software. Calculations with 256 exposure scenarios showed the human body causes measurement errors from −96% to +133% compared to unperturbed fields. Placing a single exposimeter on the waist to the back side of the human body or on the front of the chest reduces the range of exposure assessment uncertainty across various conditions. Uncertainty using a single exposimeter remains significantly higher than spot measurements of unperturbed fields.
