Unknown authors · 2015
The authors review evidence from the CERENAT study, a French national study, which found an increased risk of glioma from mobile phone use. The CERENAT finding of increased glioma risk is consistent with other studies of long-term mobile phone use and corroborates research showing meningioma risk. The review notes that CERENAT did not evaluate exposure from DECT cordless phones, which were used by over half the French population during the study period. The authors conclude that radiofrequency fields should be classified as a Group 2A probable human carcinogen by IARC criteria.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed the cortex of juvenile and young adult rats to 1457 MHz RF at 2.0 W/kg for 50 minutes. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability in the pia mater using intravital fluorescence microscopy. No significant difference in dye extravasation was found between exposed and sham-exposed groups, and no albumin leakage was detected after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2015
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed transgenic 5xFAD and wild-type mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF for eight months at a SAR of 5 W/kg, two hours per day, five days per week. The exposure significantly reduced Aβ plaques, APP, and APP carboxyl-terminal fragments in the whole brain including hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and reduced the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the hippocampus of Tg-5xFAD mice. RF-EMF inhibited parenchymal BACE1 expression and neuroinflammation in the transgenic mice. The treatment rescued memory impairment in the transgenic mice. Gene profiling showed that five Aβ-related genes were significantly altered in transgenic mice, with opposite expression patterns compared with wild-type mice.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers conducted an Israeli national survey of occupational radiofrequency field levels between 100 kHz and 40 GHz across 25 occupations. They recorded almost 4300 measurements from 900 sources and categorized exposures as routine, incidental, or unintended. The geometric mean of routine exposures was below 1% of ACGIH threshold limit values for most occupations, but walkie-talkie, induction heating, plastic welding, industrial heating, and diathermy workers had higher percentages. Incidental and unintended exposures exceeded the TLV for one and 14 occupations respectively. Walkie-talkie workers dominated collective exposure, accounting for 96.3% of the total.
Unknown authors · 2015
Current evidence indicates that exposure at levels found in the environment may particularly alter the receptor organs to orient in the magnetic field of the earth. These results could have important implications for migratory birds and insects, especially in urban areas. These results could also apply to birds and insects in natural and protected areas where there are powerful base station emitters of radiofrequencies. Therefore, more research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation in nature is needed to investigate this emerging threat.
Unknown authors · 2015
The review examines policy and advisory responses to children's RF-EMF exposure from a wide variety of sources. It categorizes approaches ranging from ICNIRP/IEEE guidelines stating no extra precautions needed to precautionary standards with much lower exposure limits and extensive advice. The wide range of policy approaches can be confusing for parents and carers of children. The author recommends minimum exposure of children to RF-EMF, noting this does not indicate a need for alarm but mirrors routine health-and-safety precautions.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers measured indoor radiofrequency exposure at 343 locations in Hebron. The maximum total power density was about 2.3 × 10 W m with an exposure quotient of about 0.01, well below the ICNIRP limit. FM radio contributed 46% of the exposure quotient, GSM900 26%, DECT phones 15%, WLAN 9%, unknown sources 3%, and TV broadcasting 1%.
Malkemper EP et al. · 2015
The researchers tested the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus for magnetoreception using a simple behavioural assay in which mice were allowed to build nests overnight in a visually symmetrical, circular arena. When plotted with respect to magnetic north, the nests were bimodally clustered in the northern and southern sectors, indicating the animals used magnetic cues. Wood mice exposed to a 0.9 to 5 MHz frequency sweep changed their preference from north-south to east-west. A constant frequency field tuned to the Larmor frequency (1.33 MHz) had no effect on mouse orientation. The study demonstrated magnetoreception in wood mice and provided first evidence for a radical-pair mechanism in a mammal.
Kottou S et al. · 2015
Researchers measured electromagnetic fields in indoor dwellings across Attica, Lesvos, and Zakynthos, taking 4540 measurements from 50 Hz to 2100 MHz. Significant differences in electric field values were also found between geographic locations. RF electric field maximums were mostly below 0.5 V/m but occasionally reached up to 5.6 V/m, while ELF magnetic fields stayed below 1 μT. The study states that it may be concluded that overall the observed indoor EMF intensity values remained well below domestic and European established limits.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Kuzay D, Ozer C, Seyhan N. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between micronuclei frequency and RF radiation in exfoliated bladder cells of diabetic and non-diabetic rats using three groups of six animals each. The RF exposure was 2100 MHz with a whole-body average SAR of 0.24 W/kg and an ERMS field of 17.5 V/m at non-thermal levels. No statistically significant differences in micronuclei frequency were found between any of the groups, including between RF-exposed diabetic rats and non-exposed diabetic rats, and between RF-exposed diabetic rats and non-diabetic controls. The authors concluded that the study suggested no possible genotoxic effects of RF radiation in humans, especially those with chronic disorders such as diabetes.
Court-Kowalski S et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 104 weeks, five days per week. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages. No change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining was found in exposed mice compared to controls.
Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015
The researchers extended a previous study by testing for effects at different SAR levels, both 900 and 1800 MHz, and both continuous wave and pulse modulated RF radiation. Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and exposed to RF radiation in a transverse electromagnetic cell or a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain numerical analyses were used to estimate the forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate and genotoxicity. No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after exposure to CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
Silva V et al. · 2015
Researchers prepared primary human thyroid cell cultures from normal thyroid tissue of surgical patients and exposed them to simulated cell phone radiofrequency energy under different conditions. They assessed proliferation using Ki-67 and p53 expression, and measured DNA ploidy, HSP70, and ROS by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. No irradiation condition affected Ki-67, p53, DNA ploidy, HSP70, or ROS, and the researchers concluded there was no potential carcinogenic effect.
Paffi A, Apollonio F, Pinto R, Liberti M. · 2015
Previous studies identified train compartments as places where people experience the highest radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure levels, still below international guideline limits. The researchers reproduced a possible train compartment scenario and characterized it both numerically and experimentally. Results showed that higher exposure values in specific positions depend on the number of active cell phones, bad coverage condition, cell orientation, and metallic walls. The study shows the scenario-based approach may efficiently support individual electromagnetic exposure assessment. Good agreement was found between simulated electric field distributions and measurements.
Li C et al. · 2015
The study created a 12-month-old male whole body model and a 17-month-old male head model from magnetic resonance images. The whole body model contained 28 tissues and the head model contained 30 tissues, both at 1 mm spatial resolution. Model validation showed a maximum 18% deviation in tissue mass compared to International Commission on Radiological Protection data. Dosimetric comparison with various adult and child anatomical models was conducted, and significant differences in the physical and anatomical features between adult and child models demonstrated the importance of creating realistic infant models. Current safety guidelines for infant exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may not be conservative.
Landler L, Painter MS, Youmans PW, Hopkins WA, Phillips JB. · 2015
Researchers investigated spontaneous magnetic alignment in juvenile snapping turtles by exposing them to low-level radio frequency fields at the Larmor frequency. Turtles first placed in the testing arena without RF aligned to magnetic north when later tested without RF, but became disoriented when RF was turned on during testing. Conversely, turtles introduced with RF present were disoriented when tested without RF, yet aligned to magnetic south when tested with RF.
Aydoğan F et al. · 2015
Mucociliary clearance was measured by rhinoscintigraphy and nasal tissue was examined with a transmission electron microscope. The researchers concluded that the radiation damaged the nasal septal mucosa and disturbed mucociliary clearance, with ciliary disorganization and loss causing the deterioration.
Aerts S, Plets D, Thielens A, Martens L, Joseph W. · 2015
Researchers assessed RF-EMF exposure of a mobile-phone user connected to either an outdoor macrocell or an in-train small cell while traveling on a train. The study used the absorbed-dose concept combining base station downlink exposure with mobile-phone uplink exposure. For GSM at 1800 MHz, connecting to a small cell reduced brain exposure by a factor of 35 and whole-body exposure by a factor of 11.
Kazemi E et al. · 2015
The study investigated the effect of 900 MHz GSM on oxidative stress and intracellular ROS levels in human mononuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Blood samples from 13 healthy volunteers were exposed to RF radiation from a mobile phone simulator for 2 hours, while control samples were not exposed. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and ROS was measured using a CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence probe and flow cytometry. Results showed a significant increase in ROS production in monocyte-rich cell populations after exposure, but no significant change in lymphocyte-rich populations.
Schoeni A, Roser K, Röösli M · 2015
Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study with 439 adolescents who completed verbal and figural memory tasks at baseline and after one year. Wireless device use was assessed by questionnaire and operator recorded mobile phone use data for a subgroup of 234 adolescents, and RF-EMF dose measures for the brain and whole body were computed. Higher cumulative call duration and RF-EMF brain and whole-body doses were linked to lower figural memory scores. No exposure-response associations were observed for sending text messages and gaming, and memory change over one year was negatively associated with wireless phone use and more strongly with RF-EMF dose.
Masuda H et al. · 2015
The cortex tissue targeted was locally exposed to 1439 MHz RF using a figure-8 loop antenna at an averaged specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg in the target area for 50 min. Three microcirculatory parameters related to cerebral inflammation were measured by the cranial window method in real-time under RF exposure. No extravasation of intravenously injected fluorescent dye was observed during RF exposure. There was no significant difference either in pial venule blood flow velocity or diameter between exposed and sham-exposed rats. Histological evaluation for the brain immediately after RF exposure did not reveal any serum albumin leakage sites or degenerate neurons.
Lerchl A et al. · 2015
Exposed animals had significantly more lung and liver tumors than sham-exposed controls. Lymphomas were also significantly elevated in exposed animals. No clear dose-response effect was observed.
Halgamuge MN. · 2015
Researchers measured radio frequency electric field levels from seven transmitters aboard a 40-metre, three-level marine ship at 12 different locations. A total of 528 electric field measurements were collected across three deck levels, with the lowest readings on the upper deck and the highest on the bridge roof. The ICNIRP and ARPANSA general-public limits were exceeded on the bridge roof, but occupational limits were respected everywhere.
Calvente I et al. · 2015
Researchers used spot measurements to characterize outdoor radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 100kHz-6GHz around the dwellings of 123 families from the INMA-Granada birth cohort in Southern Spain. The arithmetic mean electric field was 195.79mV/m and the mean power density was 799.01µW/m(2), with median values of 148.80mV/m and 285.94µW/m(2) respectively. All recorded values were well below International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection reference levels. Exposure levels varied widely among different areas or towns/villages and also among seasons.
