Marino C et al. · 2000
Researchers examined possible effects of 900 MHz microwave exposure on the cochlear epithelium of rats. Two experiments used male Sprague-Dawley rats with far-field exposure in a cubic chamber. No statistically significant evidence was obtained at both SAR values. The exposure system and diagnostic apparatus were considered useful for investigating auditory effects, but no evidence was observed with the parameters applied.
Maes A, Collier M, Verschaeve L · 2000
Researchers exposed human lymphocytes to 455.7 MHz microwaves from a car phone at a specific absorption rate of approximately 6.5 W/kg. No statistically significant difference was found between microwave-exposed and unexposed control samples for chromosome aberration or sister chromatid exchange frequency. When microwave exposure was followed by MMC treatment, some differences appeared between combined and MMC-only treatments, but results were inconsistent. Combined exposure with X-rays showed no indication of synergistic action between RF fields and X-rays. The authors concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that RF fields act synergistically with chemical or physical mutagens.
Lu ST et al. · 2000
Researchers studied retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. Cone photoreceptor response to light flash was enhanced at 8.4 and 20.2 W/kg R-SAR but not at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors was observed in sham, 8.4, and 20.2 W/kg groups but not in the 4.3 W/kg group. No degenerative changes or ERG depression were observed, and retinal injury was considered very unlikely at 4 W/kg.
Kompis M, Negri S, Hausler R. · 2000
The study aimed to investigate electromagnetic interference of bone-anchored hearing aids by cellular phones. In a survey of 13 patients with experience of digital cellular phones, 11 reported hearing annoying noises and no other sensations such as dizziness were described. A case report described a woman who experienced dizziness, a loud buzzing sound, and head pressure while examining a digital mobile phone, and a subsequent experiment reproduced the buzzing as electromagnetic interference between the BAHA and digital cellular phones. Seventeen adult BAHA users from the clinic participated in a subsequent survey.
Jauchem JR, Ryan KL, Freidagger MR · 2000
Ketamine-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1 GHz, 10 GHz, or combined 1 and 10 GHz microwaves at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 12 W/kg. Exposures were conducted in E and H orientations under far-field conditions until lethal temperatures were reached. Survival time was shortest at 1 GHz, intermediate for combined frequencies, and longest at 10 GHz, with most differences statistically significant. Temperature values at most sites for combined exposure fell between those of the single-frequency groups. Arterial blood pressure initially increased then decreased until death, heart rate increased throughout, and patterns were similar across all groups.
Hietanen M, Sibakov V, Hallfors S, von Nandelstadh P · 2000
The research evaluated possibilities to use different types of mobile telephones in the hospital environment by testing disturbances in medical equipment caused by radiofrequency fields from the phones. The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health carried out the research with the Technical Research Centre of Finland, focusing on equipment at Maria Hospital in Helsinki.
Hietanen M, Kovala T, Hamalainen AM · 2000
Researchers analyzed EEG activity of 19 volunteers exposed to five different cellular phones operating at 900 MHz or 1800 MHz. Each subject completed six 30-minute experiments including one sham exposure, with real exposure lasting 20 minutes. Exposure to one phone caused a statistically significant change in absolute delta power, but relative delta power did not change and no effects were seen with other phones. The authors concluded that the observed difference was likely due to chance and that radiofrequency fields from cellular phones have no abnormal effects on EEG activity.
Bornhausen M, Scheingraber H · 2000
Vijayalaxmi, Leal BZ, Szilagyi M, Prihoda TJ, Meltz ML · 2000
Human peripheral blood samples from three volunteers were exposed to pulsed-wave 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours. The exposure used a net forward power of 21 W with an average power density of 5 mW/cm2 and a mean specific absorption rate of 2.135 W/kg. DNA damage was measured using the alkaline comet assay immediately and 4 hours after exposure. No significant differences were found in comet tail length, fluorescence intensity, or tail moment between RF-exposed and sham-exposed lymphocytes at either time point. The response of lymphocytes exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly different from RF-radiation- and sham-exposed cells.
Yoshikawa T et al. · 2000
Wainwright P, · 2000
Researchers developed a finite element thermal model of the head to calculate temperature rises in the brain from cellular telephone radiation. The model used a 1 mm resolution MRI dataset segmented into ten tissue types and a finite element mesh generated with an automatic tetrahedral mesh generator. The model included natural metabolic heat production and power absorbed from the electromagnetic field, with SAR derived from a finite difference time domain model coupled to a model mobile phone. For publicly available equipment, the maximum temperature rise in the brain was about 0.1 °C. The steady-state temperature distribution was calculated using the Pennes bioheat equation.
Sidorenko A, Tsaryuk V · 2000
Researchers studied the effects of microwave radiation and strychnine on cerebral biopotentials in narcotized rats. Strychnine and microwave radiation produced changes in spectral parameters of electrocorticogram, correlation dimension, and Kolmogorov entropy opposite to those induced by urethane.
Schirmacher A et al. · 2000
Richter E, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB · 2000
Pereira C, Edwards M · 2000
The study aimed to examine parotid nodular fasciitis in a mobile phone user. The authors report the first case of nodular fasciitis affecting the deep lobe of the parotid gland in a 39-year-old male telephone engineer.
Mezhevikina LM, Khramov RN, Lepikhov KA · 2000
Researchers cultured two-cell mouse embryos in vitro and exposed them to electromagnetic irradiation in the millimeter range. After 30 min of exposure, the embryos acquired the ability to develop on their own and could reach the stage of blastocyst in 150 microliters of Whitten cultural medium without serum or growth factors. The authors proposed that millimeter range electromagnetic waves activate metabolic processes and specifically the synthesis of factors controlling early embryonic development in culture.
Lourencini da Silva R et al. · 2000
Researchers exposed SnCl2-treated pBR322 plasmids to EMF and analyzed conformational changes using agarose gel electrophoresis. EMF exposure increased DNA scission, seen as relaxed plasmids. Plasmids pre-exposed to EMF were less able to transform E. coli. The authors concluded that EMF in the presence of a transition metal can cause DNA damage.
Leshin VV · 2000
Researchers aimed to investigate changes in neurocytes of the central nervous system under general UHF field exposure with local protection applied. Experiments on white rats studied the influence of UHF field on the cortical sensomotor area under general exposure or with the head shielded. The changes in the central nervous system caused by UHF field were not completely prevented by the shield, which the authors attributed to pathologic reflex impulses from body receptors.
Laurence JA, French PW, Lindner RA, Mckenzie DR · 2000
The aim was to investigate mechanisms for the effects of pulsed microwave radiation on protein conformation. The researchers modeled heat diffusion and showed that pulsed exposure can cause transient temperature excursions outside the normal range even when athermal. They propose that the power window phenomenon may be caused by incomplete triggering of the heat shock response.
Kulkybaev GA, Pospelov NI · 2000
The study aimed to investigate changes in gastric electric activity and serum catecholamine levels under the influence of electromagnetic microwaves. Chronic experiments on 17 dogs revealed that ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves applied to the epigastric area and head induced a double-phase response. During exposure, gastric electric activity was depressed and total catecholamines increased. After exposure, gastric activity was higher and epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were lower at 24 hours after each of 10 procedures and during 7 days after the 10 procedures.
Krause CM et al. · 2000
Researchers examined the effects of electromagnetic fields from cellular phones on event-related desynchronization and synchronization responses in four EEG frequency bands during cognitive processing. Twenty-four subjects performed a visual sequential letter task with three working memory load conditions both with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. The presence of EMF altered the ERD/ERS responses in the 6-8 and 8-10 Hz frequency bands but only when examined as a function of memory load and depending on whether the stimulus was a target.
Krause CM et al. · 2000
Researchers studied the effects of cellular phone EMF on EEG frequency bands in 16 normal subjects performing an auditory memory task. All subjects completed the memory task with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. EMF exposure significantly increased EEG power in the 8-10 Hz frequency band only. EMF presence altered ERD/ERS responses across all studied frequency bands depending on time and memory task phase.
Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hamalainen H · 2000
The influence of pulsed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields of digital GSM mobile phones on working memory in healthy subjects were studied. Memory load was varied from 0 to 3 items in an n-back task, and each subject was tested twice with and without RF exposure at 902 MHz and 217 Hz. The RF field speeded up response times when the memory load was three items, but no effects were observed with lower loads. The results suggest that RF fields have a measurable effect on human cognitive performance and encourage further studies.
Koivisto et al. · 2000
The study examined possible influences of a 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on cognitive functioning in 48 healthy humans. A battery of 12 reaction time tasks was performed twice by each participant in a counterbalanced order, once with and once without exposure to the field. Exposure speeded up response times in simple reaction time and vigilance tasks and decreased the cognitive time needed in a mental arithmetic task. The results suggest that exposure may have a facilitatory effect on brain functioning, especially in tasks requiring attention and manipulation of information in working memory.
Kalns J, Ryan KL, Mason PA, Bruno JG, Gooden R, Kiel JL. · 2000
