Imaida K et al. · 2000
Researchers gave six-week-old male F344 rats a single dose of diethylnitrosamine and then treated them with melatonin at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 ppm in drinking water for six weeks. Melatonin was administered only during the night to maintain circadian rhythm. At week 3, rats underwent partial hepatectomy, and at week 8 they were sacrificed and serum hormone levels were measured. Serum melatonin was elevated while luteinizing hormone and testosterone were reduced. The number and area of GST-P-positive liver foci decreased in melatonin-treated groups, significantly for number at 10 ppm.
Hocking B, Westerman R · 2000
Hardell L, Nasman A, Pahlson A, Hallquist A. · 2000
The study included 233 men and women aged 20 to 80 years with histopathologically verified brain tumors, with two matched controls selected per case from the Swedish Population Register. Of these, 209 cases (90%) and 425 controls (91%) completed the exposure questionnaire. Medical diagnostic x-ray examination of the head and neck region yielded an odds ratio of 2.10 (95% CI 1.25-3.53) for a tumor induction period of 5 years or more. Ipsilateral cellular telephone use was associated with an odds ratio of 2.42 (95% CI 0.97-6.05) for tumors in the temporal, temporoparietal, and occipital lobes.
Grant FH, Schlegel RE, · 2000
Researchers evaluated 20 pacemaker-phone combinations involving 6 pacemakers and 9 phones in vitro under worst-case conditions. The phones represented CDMA, TDMA-11 Hz, TDMA-22 Hz, TDMA-50 Hz, and TDMA-217 Hz digital wireless technologies. Small increases in the perpendicular air gap between the phone and the saline surface resulted in a dramatic reduction in interaction, with approximately half of the 208 test runs showing interaction at 1 cm no longer interacting at 2 cm. At a gap of 7.4 cm the percentage of runs with interaction decreased to 1.4%, and the overall interaction rate was less than 0.07% at a perpendicular distance of 8.6 cm.
Grajewski B et al. · 2000
Researchers measured RF heater radiation exposures and induced foot currents at four companies. They compared 12 male heater operators with 34 unexposed men on 33 semen quality parameters and four serum hormones. Exposures did not exceed current standard levels and guidelines. Exposed operators showed a slightly higher mean follicle-stimulating hormone level (7.6 vs 5.8 mIU/mL). The authors suggested further occupational studies of RF-exposed men may be warranted.
Gapeev AB, Chemeris NK · 2000
Researchers used a mathematical model to analyze how modulated extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation affects intracellular calcium concentration in neutrophils. The model showed that the calcium rise depends on both the frequency and phase of the modulating signal relative to chemical stimulation. A rise above 50% of the initial calcium level occurred at about 1 Hz and phase range 0.3-2.5 radians, but only when modulating signal intensity exceeded a threshold and chemical stimulus intensity was high. Added noise changed the phase-frequency characteristics and created multiple response bands with higher Q-factors. The model results matched earlier experimental data showing effects only with extracellular calcium and high calcium ionophore A23187 concentrations.
Fry TL, Schlegel RE, Grant H · 2000
Researchers measured hearing aid interference across a range of CDMA phone power levels using a frequency analyzer and several hearing aids and phones. As phone power increased, interference rose proportionally in a linear region until the hearing aid saturated, after which further power increases reduced or did not change interference. The interference data were combined with a previous study to assess effects on speech intelligibility and annoyance. Power reduction substantially improved interference for hearing aids with poor radiofrequency immunity, while high-immunity aids maintained low interference even at high power.
Freude, G, Ullsperger, P, Eggert, S, Ruppe, I, · 2000
Researchers studied the influence of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular telephones on preparatory slow brain potentials in two experiments about six months apart. A significant decrease of slow brain potentials was found during EMF exposure in a complex visual monitoring task in the first experiment and this effect was replicated in the second experiment. The results indicated a selective EMF effect on particular aspects of human information processing but no influence on human performance, well-being and health.
Del Signore A, Boscolo P, Kouri S, Di Martino G, Giuliano G · 2000
Researchers studied immune responses to electromagnetic fields in atopic and non-atopic women with traffic exposure. Women were divided into groups A, B, C, and D based on atopy and electromagnetic field exposure. Atopic women had reduced in vitro lymphocyte proliferation when stimulated with PHA. Women exposed to electromagnetic fields had lower NK cell levels and lower interferon-gamma production. Atopic women exposed to electromagnetic fields had higher serum IgE than other groups.
Cox RA, Luxton LM · 2000
The study aimed to investigate cerebral symptoms from mobile telephones. Mobile phones affect the inner ear in 5-8% of users leading to dizziness, disorientation, nausea, headache and transient confusion.
Chiabrera A, Bianco B, Moggia E, Kaufman JJ, · 2000
The aim of the study was to observe Zeeman-Stark modeling of the RF EMF interaction with ligand binding. The model accounts for ion collision losses, endogenous forces, metabolic non-equilibrium, and thermal noise. The model predicts that ligand binding probability may be affected by low-intensity exogenous EMF when the receptor's potential energy well matches the radiofrequency photon energy. The authors state that the results point toward electromagnetic control of biochemical processes and the need for a new database of safety standards.
Chia SE, Chia HP, Tan JS · 2000
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional community study in Singapore with 808 men and women aged 12 to 70 years selected by one-stage cluster random sampling. The prevalence of handheld cellular telephone users was 44.8%, and headache was the most prevalent symptom among users compared to nonusers with an adjusted prevalence rate ratio of 1.31 (95% CI 1.00-1.70). Headache prevalence increased significantly with increasing daily usage duration, while using hands-free equipment reduced headache prevalence by more than 20% compared to never using it. Handheld telephone use was not associated with a significant increase in other central nervous system symptoms.
Cao Z, Liu J, Li S, Zhao X. · 2000
Researchers selected 81 staff with cellular telephone handsets and 63 staff without handsets from corporations as subjects. They investigated subjects using questionnaires on health, lifestyle, handset use, and the neurobehavioral core test battery. Data were analyzed with chi-square, stepwise regression, and covariance statistics. Handset users had longer average reaction times than non-users (P < 0.01). Longer handset use was negatively associated with corrected reaction number (P < 0.01) and positively associated with fast and slowest reaction times (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the authors suggested that handset use could cause adverse neurobehavioral effects.
Brezitskaia HV, Timchenko OI · 2000
The study aimed to observe the mechanism of cytogenetic effect of electromagnetic radiation and the role of oxidation homeostasis. Changes in oxidation homeostasis preceded development of cytogenetic effects and could be their reason.
Apollonio F, D'Inzeo G, Tarricone L. · 2000
The study presents an evaluation of microwave field effects on the acetylcholine receptor channel based on energy issues. Observation of biochemical parameters demonstrated that microwave fields cause conformational changes in the receptor site. An energetic mapping of acetylcholine conformational changes was achieved, clearing ground for future molecular simulations. The channel was considered a stochastic automaton flipping randomly between states, and the incident field modifies transitions among the states.
Wang, BM, Lai, H · 2000
Rats were trained in six sessions to locate a submerged platform in a circular water maze. They were exposed to pulsed 2450-MHz microwaves for 1 hour before each training session. Microwave-exposed rats were slower than sham-exposed and cage control rats in learning to locate the platform. During the probe trial, microwave-exposed animals spent significantly less time in the quadrant that had contained the platform. There was no significant difference in swim speed among the three groups.
Walters TJ, Blick DW, Johnson LR, Adair ER, Foster KR · 2000
Researchers measured cutaneous thermal pain thresholds in 10 human subjects during 3-second exposures to 94 GHz continuous wave microwave energy at intensities up to approximately 1.8 W/cm². Skin surface temperature increases were measured by infrared thermography during each exposure. The pricking pain threshold was 43.9°C, corresponding to an increase of approximately 9.9°C from a baseline of 34.0°C. The measured temperature increases agreed well with a simple thermal model accounting for heat conduction and microwave penetration depth. The results support using the model to predict thermal pain thresholds at other millimeter wave frequencies.
Romano-Spica V, Mucci N, Ursini CL, Ianni A, Bhat NK · 2000
Researchers analyzed gene expression in hemopoietic and testicular cell types after exposure to 50 MHz radiofrequency radiation modulated at 16 Hz. They observed overexpression of ets1 mRNA in Jurkat T-lymphoblastoid and Leydig TM3 cell lines only when the 16 Hz modulation was present. A putative candidate gene was also repressed after EMF exposure.
Peinnequin A et al. · 2000
Pashovkina MS, Akoev IG · 2000
Researchers studied the activity of alkaline phosphatase during exposure to pulse-modulated microwave radiation. The carrier frequency was 2375 MHz with modulation pulse rates of 10-390 Hz, on-off time ratio 2, and specific absorption rates of 8 and 0.8 microW/cm2. At a modulation frequency of 70 Hz, alkaline phosphatase activity increased 1.8-2.0 times. Exposure times were 1 and 3 minutes under continuous temperature control.
Olchowik G, Maj JG · 2000
Researchers investigated the influence of microwave irradiation on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity induced by hydrocortisone in rat liver. Rats received hydrocortisone at 20 mg/kg for 60 days and were exposed to microwave radiation at 53.57 GHz with power densities of 10 mW/cm2 and 1 mW/cm2 during and after treatment. The results indicate that microwave radiation may block the hydrocortisone-induced effect on GGT activity, and this blocking effect depends on the power density of the millimetre microwaves.
Nakamura H, Nagase H, Ogino K, Hatta K, Matsuzaki I · 2000
Researchers exposed rats to continuous-wave microwaves at 2 mW/cm² and 2450 MHz for 90 minutes and measured uteroplacental blood flow and hormone levels. Colonic temperature did not change significantly in either virgin or pregnant rats. Microwave exposure decreased uteroplacental blood flow and increased progesterone and PGF2α in pregnant rats but not in virgin rats. Pretreatment with angiotensin II prevented these changes in pregnant rats. Corticosterone increased and estradiol decreased during exposure regardless of pregnancy status or angiotensin II pretreatment.
Lebedeva NN et al. · 2000
EEG was recorded from 16 standard leads during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions and analyzed with custom non-linear dynamics software that computed a multichannel global correlation dimension. A significant increase in global correlation dimension occurred during and after exposure, more pronounced with eyes closed. The authors interpreted this increase as a manifestation of cortex activation under phone EMF exposure.
Ivanova VIu, Martynova OV, Aleinik SV, Limarenko AV. · 2000
Researchers studied the effect of modulated electromagnetic fields on brainwave activity in awake cats by recording electroencephalograms from the skin surface in the vertex area using carbon electrodes. In normal cats, brainwave components above 20 Hz predominated, but during electromagnetic field exposure at 980 MHz and a power density of 30–50 microW/cm2, components in the 12–18 Hz range began to prevail instead. A similar redistribution of brainwave power was also seen with acoustic stimulation, and the researchers suggested a common neurophysiological mechanism underlying both effects.
Huber R et al. · 2000
Researchers exposed healthy young male subjects for 30 minutes to EMF at 900 MHz and a spatial peak specific absorption rate of 1 W/kg during the waking period before sleep. Compared with a sham exposure control condition, EEG spectral power during non-rapid eye movement sleep was increased, with the maximum rise in the 9.75-11.25 Hz and 12.5-13.25 Hz bands during the initial part of sleep. The researchers concluded that the changes of brain function induced by pulsed high-frequency EMF outlast the exposure period.
