EMF Research Studies

Association between electronic device usage and sperm quality parameters in healthy men screened as potential sperm donors

Chen H-G et al. · 2022

Evaluation of cognitive functions and EEG records in rats exposed to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2022

Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion

Unknown authors · 2022

In a single-blind, sham-controlled, randomized crossover study, 15 normal-weight young men were exposed to 25 minutes of RF-EMFs from two mobile phone types or sham radiation under fasting conditions. Spontaneous food intake was measured with an ad libitum buffet test and cerebral energy homeostasis was monitored using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Exposure increased overall caloric intake by 22–27% compared to sham, mainly due to higher carbohydrate consumption, and cerebral energy content increased as shown by higher ATP and phosphocreatine ratios to inorganic phosphate.

Changes in rat spatial learning and memory as well as serum exosome proteins after simultaneous exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves

Unknown authors · 2022

Human resting-state EEG and radiofrequency GSM mobile phone exposure: The impact of the individual alpha frequency

Int J Radiat Biol 98(5):986-995, 2022 · 2022

Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study with eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state EEG recordings. The exposure system was a sham or real GSM 900 MHz mobile phone pulse modulated at 217 Hz with a mean power of 250 mW and a maximum specific absorption rate of 0.70 W/kg. EEG power spectral density was computed for the alpha band in a fixed 8-12 Hz range and for each individual's alpha frequency range. A trend toward decreased or increased alpha power during exposure was observed for eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions respectively, but did not reach statistical significance. The findings did not provide evidence for different sensitivity to RF-EMF related to individual alpha frequency variability.

Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations

Tan B, Tan FC, Yalcin B, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Yay AH · 2022

The study created four groups (sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, and irradiated male and female) with one male and three females each. The irradiated groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation for 12 hours per day across four generations. The researchers examined fetal brain development, histopathological changes in female rats, and hippocampal MAPK protein levels in male rats. In exposed groups, hemorrhagic areas, irregular cellular localization, and vascular structures were observed in the brains of fetal and adult female rats across all generations. In adult male rats, phosphorylated ERK, tau, JNK, and p38 were significantly increased in the brain across all generations.

Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed rats to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields for 2 hours under acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The mean specific absorption rate in the auditory cortex was 0.5 W/kg. Exposure reduced neuronal response strength to pure tones and natural vocalizations and increased acoustic thresholds at low and medium frequencies, while microglial coverage did not change. In healthy rats without neuroinflammation, the same exposure did not alter response strength or acoustic thresholds.

Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on rat hippocampus proteome

Unknown authors · 2022

The study performed global proteome profiling of rat hippocampus exposed to mobile phone radiation for 20 weeks, 3 hours per day, 5 days per week. They identified 358 hippocampus proteins, of which 16 were deregulated with log2 fold change ≥ ±1.0 and p-value <.05. Four proteins (Aldh5a1, Atp1b2, PMCA, S100B) representing each pathway were validated by western blot in an independent sample set, confirming the mass spectrometry results. The researchers concluded that mobile phone radiation exposure deregulates the hippocampus proteome, which might influence healthy brain functioning.

Effect of 2400 MHz mobile phone radiation exposure on the behavior and hippocampus morphology in Swiss mouse model

Hasan I, Jahan MR, Islam MN, Islam MR · 2022

Researchers exposed Swiss albino male mice to 2400 MHz RF-EMR for 40 or 60 minutes daily over 60 days. Exposed mice showed a significant increase in anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus-maze compared to controls. Stereological analysis revealed a significant decrease in pyramidal and granule neurons in the hippocampus of exposed mice. Histological examination showed degenerative alterations including black and dark blue cytoplasmic cells with shrunken morphology in the hippocampus.

Changes in the excitability of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2022

The study investigated changes in neuronal activity and synaptic transmission after a 60-minute exposure to 3.0 GHz RF-EMF at a low dose (SAR < 1 W/kg). RF-EMF exposure decreased the amplitude of action potentials, depolarized resting membrane potential, and increased neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in cultured primary hippocampal neurons.

Estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses, and sleep in preadolescents

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic field doses from phone calls, screen activities, and far-field sources in preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from two birth cohorts. Sleep disturbances were assessed via a maternal questionnaire and objective sleep measures were recorded using wrist accelerometers and sleep diaries for seven consecutive days. All-day whole-brain RF-EMF doses were not associated with self-reported sleep disturbances or objective sleep measures, while high evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls was associated with 11.9 minutes less total sleep time.

3.5-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation promotes the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed fruit flies to simulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at intensities of 0.1, 1, and 10 W/m². Exposure increased early pupation and eclosion rates and shortened the mean development time. In larvae, heat shock protein and immune gene expression rose, oxidative stress enzymes increased, and microbial diversity fell while Acetobacter and Lactobacillus genera increased.

2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Field Influences the Response of the Circadian Oscillator in the Colorectal Cancer Cell Line DLD1 to miR-34a- Mediated Regulation

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed miR-34a-transfected DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to 2.4 GHz RF-EMF for 24 hours and evaluated effects using real-time PCR, scratch assay, and MTS test. Administration of miR-34a decreased expression of per2, bmal1, sirtuin1, and survivin and inhibited proliferation and migration of DLD1 cells. RF-EMF exposure increased cry1 mRNA expression, weakened miR-34a's inhibition of per2, abolished its inhibition of survivin, and eliminated miR-34a's effects on proliferation and migration. The authors concluded that RF-EMF strongly influenced miR-34a-mediated regulation of the peripheral circadian oscillator in DLD1 cells.

Associations Between a Polymorphism in the Rat 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Promoter Region (rs198585630) and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Microwave Exposure

Li H et al. · 2022

Millimeter waves alter DNA secondary structures and modulate the transcriptome in human fibroblasts

Unknown authors · 2022

The researchers exposed primary human dermal fibroblasts to millimeter waves. The exposure used repeated 60 GHz waves at 2.6 mW cm-2 and 46.8 J cm-2 d-1. After 2 and 4 days, the exposure induced a unique physiological response. High-dose millimeter waves caused non-thermal alterations to the transcriptome and DNA structural dynamics, including G-quadruplex and i-motif formation, but not DNA damage.

Simultaneous effect of gamma and Wi-Fi radiation on gamma-H2Ax expression in peripheral blood of rat: A radio-protection note

Unknown authors · 2022

Fifty male Wistar rats were exposed for 2, 24, and 72 hours to Wi-Fi only, technetium-99m only, or both simultaneously. Wi-Fi power density was 4.2 nW/cm² at 15 cm, and 100 μCi of technetium-99m was injected intraperitoneally. Gamma-H2AX foci per nucleus were counted by flow cytometry, and a significant difference among groups appeared at 72 hours.

The detrimental effect of cell phone radiation on sperm biological characteristics in normozoospermic

Unknown authors · 2022

Normal sperm samples were divided into control and case groups, with case samples placed 2.5 cm from an active cell phone antenna for 60 minutes. Control samples were exposed to cell phones without active antennas. Viability and motility were significantly lower in the case group, while apoptotic sperm percentage and DNA fragmentation were significantly higher. Morphology, chromatin abnormality, and maturity showed no significant difference between groups.

Microwave radiation induces neuronal autophagy through miR-30a-5p/AMPKα2 signal pathway

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed rat hippocampal neurons and PC12-derived neuron-like cells to 30 mW/cm2 microwaves, which down-regulated miR-30a and activated autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis identified several potential miR-30a targets, and the team selected Prkaa2 for further study because prior work linked microwave radiation to abnormal energy metabolism in neurons. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed Prkaa2 as a downstream gene of miR-30a, and microwave exposure increased AMPKα2 expression and AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation, while miR-30a mimics reversed these changes and blocked autophagy.

Zinc affects nuclear factor kappa b and DNA methyltransferase activity in C3H cancer fibroblast cells induced by a 2100 MHz electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2022

EMF exposure increased cell viability compared with control, while zinc co-treatment reduced viability relative to EMF alone. EMF also significantly raised NF-κB and DNMT activities, and zinc supplementation significantly lowered these activities compared with EMF alone.

Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Transformation of Balb/c-3T3 Cells Induced by Long-Term Exposure to 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation (RF-EMR)

Ding Z, Xiang X, Li J, Wu S · 2022

Researchers exposed Balb/c-3T3 cells to 1800 MHz RF continuous wave for 40 and 60 days, 4 hours per day, and compared them with sham-exposed cells. Exposed cells showed increased proliferation and migration, malignant transformation with visible foci and clone formation, and formed tumors when transplanted into SCID mice.

Transcriptomic and Long-Term Behavioral Deficits Associated with Developmental 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Exposures in Zebrafish

Unknown authors · 2022

A cross-sectional and histological analysis to understand the cytological effects of cell phone radiation on buccal mucosa of children

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers evaluated cytological effects of prolonged mobile phone usage on buccal mucosa of 90 children divided into three groups by daily usage hours. Buccal swabs were collected using an ice-cream stick method and analyzed histologically and microscopically with one-way ANOVA. Group 3 with more than six hours daily usage showed the highest number of cellular and chromosomal aberrations, a significant finding. A direct proportionality was observed between apoptotic changes, chromosomal aberrations, and daily hour usage.

Effects of Acute Exposure to 3500 MHz (5G) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Anxiety- Like Behavior and the Auditory Cortex in Guinea Pigs

Yang H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gan P, Luo X, Zhong S, Zuo W · 2022

Researchers exposed forty male guinea pigs to 3500 MHz RF-EMR at SARs of 0, 2, 4, or 10 W/kg for 72 hours. They measured malondialdehyde levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, anxiety-like behavior, hearing thresholds, cell ultrastructure, and apoptosis in the auditory cortex. Exposure increased MDA levels and decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the auditory cortex. Ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria and layered myelin sheaths, and apoptosis markers such as cytochrome-c relocalization and caspase activation were observed. Hearing thresholds and basic behavior indexes did not change significantly.

3.5-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation promotes the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Short-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation and metabolic enzymes’ activities during pregnancy and prenatal development

Tomruk A, E. · 2022