Akbari A, Jelodar G, Nazifi S · 2014
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to radiofrequency waves generated by a base transceiver station antenna model and measured oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum and encephalon. Antioxidant enzymes measured included glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with malondialdehyde (MDA). Exposure to radiofrequency waves decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased MDA compared with the control groups. Vitamin C supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced MDA in the group that also received radiofrequency wave exposure.
Cucurachi S, WLM Tamis et al. · 2013
Speit G, Richard Gminski, Tauber R · 2013
Researchers performed a repeat study using the same experimental conditions as the REFLEX project to test for genotoxic effects of RF-EMF in HL-60 cells. The repeat experiments found no genotoxic effects of RF-EMF. The authors suggest that the biological significance of the REFLEX study's reported genotoxic effects should be re-assessed.
Unknown authors · 2013
Trošić I, Mataušić-Pišl M, Pavičić I, Marjanović AM. · 2013
Researchers divided 18 adult male rats into two groups of nine and exposed one group to a 915 MHz RF field with a power density of 2.4 W m(-2) and a field strength of 30 V m(-1) for one hour daily over two weeks. Body mass and temperature were measured before and after each exposure, after which testes were prepared for histology and epididymal sperm were assessed for quantity, quality, and morphology. No statistically significant alterations were found in any endpoint, and the authors concluded that short-time intermittent RF exposure does not represent a significant risk factor for rat reproductive functions.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Colbay M, Yetkin I, Seyhan N. · 2013
Researchers exposed male Wistar albino rats to 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 30 min per day, 6 days per week, for either a month or two months. They measured micronucleus frequency in exfoliated bladder cells as an indicator of genotoxic damage. No significant differences in micronucleus frequency were found between any exposed group and its corresponding control group, nor between the two 2100 MHz exposure durations.
Waldmann P et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated whether GSM 1,800 MHz radiofrequency fields cause genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. Blood from 20 healthy volunteers was exposed to three specific absorption rates of 0.2, 2, and 10 W/kg and sham for 28 hours. Four genotoxicity tests were conducted, including chromosome aberration, micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange, and comet assays. None of the nine endpoints showed a significant and reproducible exposure effect across the three analyzing laboratories. Positive controls showed highly significant differences from sham exposures, validating the study methods.
Loughran SP et al. · 2013
Researchers used a double-blind, randomized, crossover design with 22 adolescents aged 11–13 years. Participants underwent three sessions with mobile phone-like RF EMF signals at two intensities and a sham session. No clear significant effects of RF EMF exposure were found on waking EEG or cognitive performance.
Kim HS et al. · 2013
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RFID-exposed groups and exposed to 915 MHz RFID for 8 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 or 16 weeks. The whole-body average specific absorption rate was 4 W/kg. FDG-PET images were obtained the day after RFID exposure using micro-PET with a FDG tracer, and the relative cerebral glucose metabolic rate was unchanged in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortexes of exposed rats compared with cage-control and sham-exposed groups.
Ahlers MT, Ammermüller J · 2013
Researchers studied possible non-thermal effects of RF-EMF on retinal ganglion cells in vitro under constant temperature. Mouse retinae were exposed to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS at SARs of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, and 20 W/kg with temperature controlled within ±0.5 to 1°C. Light responses were recorded before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure under double-blind conditions. Comparison of sham and actual exposure distance values showed no significant differences, and regression analysis found no consistent SAR dependence. The authors concluded no acute effects on retinal ganglion cell responses at SARs up to 20 W/kg.
Wu T, Shao Q, Yang L, Qi D, Lin J, Lin X, Yu Z. · 2013
The study conducted a measurement campaign at 827 base station sites with 6207 measurement points in Guangxi, China. The results showed that GSM band EMF levels near the base stations were very low. Measurement results and risk communication procedures positively influenced public perception of RF EMF exposure and promoted knowledge exchange.
Nayyeri V, Hashemi SM, Borna M, Jalilian HR, Soleimani M · 2013
The assessment covered the frequency band from 27 MHz to 3 GHz to account for other RF sources such as broadcasting services. Results were compared with ICNIRP and Iranian guidelines, confirming that exposure levels were satisfactorily below defined limits and non-detrimental.
Mortazavi S et al. · 2013
Researchers collected fresh semen samples from 30 healthy donors and exposed them to radiofrequency radiation from a mobile jammer for 2 or 4 hours. Sperm motility was significantly lower in samples exposed to jammer RF radiation for 2 or 4 hours compared to sham-exposed samples. The authors concluded that mobile jammers may significantly decrease sperm motility and couples' chances of conception.
Markakis I, Samaras T · 2013
Researchers performed indoor measurements using personal dosimeters at 40 locations in urban and suburban Thessaloniki over three days each from July 2010 to January 2012. They found a larger proportion of measurements above detection limits compared to similar European campaigns, with at most 56% for the DCS Rx band. Mean exposure levels in mobile downlink bands were higher than other studies but many times below ICNIRP guidelines. Maximum exposures were of similar magnitude across studies. Base stations dominated in workplaces and schools, while wireless phones and computer networks led in homes, with daytime peaks for the former and evening increases for the latter.
Loos N et al. · 2013
Lin WT, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Chen MC, Wen YR, Lin CT, Lin CW. · 2013
Researchers compared the effects of different pulse waveforms and PRF parameters using a miniature bipolar electrode on the dorsal root ganglion. The sinusoidal waveform group showed higher Von Frey scores than the square wave group. Pain relief was evaluated using the Von Frey method for pain threshold index based on behavioral response to mechanical stimuli.
Lauer O et al. · 2013
The authors presented a framework that combines near-field and far-field radio frequency electromagnetic exposure sources to calculate average organ and whole-body specific absorption rates. Numerically derived SARs for whole-body and individual organs were combined with realistic exposure data collected using personal exposure meters during the Swiss Qualifex study. For users of GSM 900 or GSM 1800 phones, the 24-hour whole-body averaged exposure was dominated by the user's own mobile phone. If only UMTS phones were used, the average exposure level would be lower due to the lower average output power of UMTS phones. The data indicate the necessity of collecting band-selective exposure data in epidemiological studies of electromagnetic fields.
Kuehn S, Kelsh MA, Kuster N, Sheppard AR, Shum M. · 2013
Researchers measured SARs in phantoms with mobile phones operating at maximum antenna input power to evaluate design factors such as shape, antenna design, communication technology, and test date over a 7-year period. Service technology accounted for the greatest variability in compliance test SARs, ranging from AMPS highest to GSM lowest. The dominant factor for SARs during use is the time-averaged antenna input power, which may be much less than the maximum power used in testing. Phone shape, antenna type, and orientation were significant but only up to a factor of 2, and SAR in the tilt position was significantly smaller than in the touch position. External antennas produced greater SARs than internal ones, and brick and clamshell phones produced greater SARs than slide phones.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Nirala J, Siddiqui MH, Behari J. · 2013
Kao HK, Li Q, Flynn B, Qiao X, Ruberti JW, Murphy GF, Guo L. · 2013
Researchers exposed wounded diabetic mice to pulsed radiofrequency energy and assessed wound closure, cell proliferation, and gene expression. Pulsed radiofrequency energy increased dermal cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in the wounds. However, CD31 density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor did not differ significantly between treated and sham groups. In fibroblast cultures, pulsed radiofrequency energy increased gelation time compared to sham exposure.
Byun YH et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a longitudinal study of 2,422 children in 10 Korean cities to examine the association between mobile phone use and ADHD symptoms while considering lead exposure. They found that mobile phone use for voice calls was linked to higher ADHD symptom risk, but only among children with relatively high lead exposure. The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to lead and RF from mobile phone use was associated with increased ADHD symptom risk, though reverse causality could not be excluded.
Salah MB, Abdelmelek H, Abderraba M. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz RF for 1 hour daily over 21 consecutive days, which induced a diabetes-like status. RF exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and thiol group activities in liver and kidneys, while increasing malondialdehyde concentration in both organs. Olive leaf extract at 100 mg/kg prevented glucose metabolism disruption, restored antioxidant enzyme activities and thiol groups in liver and kidneys, and reduced elevated malondialdehyde in liver but not in kidneys.
Ozgur E et al. · 2013
Jelodar G, Nazifi S, Akbari A. · 2013
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague–Dawley rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves for 45 days. RFW exposure decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased malondialdehyde levels in testis tissue. Vitamin C improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde compared with RFW-only rats.
Jelodar G, Akbari A, Nazifi S. · 2013
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves daily for 45 days and measured antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in eye tissue. Radiofrequency wave exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde compared with controls. Vitamin C supplementation at 200 mg/kg per day improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde compared with the test group.
