EMF Research Studies

PASSIVE SUBCUTANEOUS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT FOR INVESTIGATION OF THERMOREGULATION

A. MAMOUNI, Y. LEROY, Y. HOUDAS, Y. MOSCHETTO · 1978

AFOSH STANDARD 161-9 - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH - EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION

Unknown authors · 1978

It applies to military and civilian personnel at Air Force facilities worldwide and addresses protection of nonoccupationally exposed personnel from Air Force-owned sources. Warning signs are required where access to power density levels exceeding the PEL is probable.

BIOTELEMETRY ANTENNAS: THE PROBLEM OF SMALL BODY-MOUNTED ANTENNAS

P.A. Neukomm · 1978

PROPOSED RULES - INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

Unknown authors · 1978

A Review of Microwave Oven Safety

J. M. Osepchuk · 1978

The review examines microwave oven leakage from ovens manufactured to meet government emission standards. Typical leakage values imply exposure well below the most conservative exposure standards worldwide. Field survey data indicate the overwhelming majority of certified ovens show leakage well below permissible limits, with increasing certainty over time. The review concludes that microwave ovens are as safe as in 1973 and accepted as safe under equivalent emission regulations in various countries including Eastern Europe.

Information Profile - Magnetic Fields

Science Information Services Department · 1978

The profile surveyed biological effects of magnetic fields on organisms from microorganisms to humans. Very low and very high magnetic fields produced more pronounced effects than intensities near the natural geomagnetic field. Human studies reported flicker-fusion threshold depression at near-zero fields, perception changes at 5-10 G, and magnetophosphenes with altered blood iron and copper at 100-400 G. The United States had no governmental exposure standards, while the Soviet Union set limits at 300 G for whole-body and 700 G for hands.

Ionic factors in release of 45Ca2+ from chicken cerebral tissue by electromagnetic fields

S. M. Bawin, W. R. Adey, I. M. Sabbot · 1978

Free-Space Electric Field Mapping of Microwave Diathermy Applicators

Donald M. Witters, Jr., Gideon Kantor, Ph. D. · 1978

The Biological effects of Microwave Radiation - A Review

W. A. Cornelius · 1978

The review briefly discusses generally agreed biological effects of microwaves. It reviews limitations of existing knowledge about harmful effects of microwaves on humans. It discusses difficulties in applying in vitro and animal data to humans. It also discusses problems of microwave dosimetry. The author states a need for further thorough, well-documented studies across exposure parameters.

ELECTROMAGNETIC RODENT CONTROL FOR POULTRY FACILITIES

Harry D. Muller · 1978

The study describes recent development of rodent control devices that reputedly work by electromagnetic charging of the ground or structures. Rodent damage was estimated at $25 per rat and $4 per mouse, and chemical control poses residue risks in meat, eggs, or manure. Devices initially evoked increased burrowing followed by atypical behavior including distorted diet patterns, burrow avoidance, lethargy, reduced reproduction, anorexia, and hypo-activity resulting in death.

SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE OF RHESUS MONKEYS TO 20,000 GAUSS STEADY MAGNETIC FIELD

Unknown authors · 1978

Evoked potentials measured inside and outside the magnet were essentially the same, and the latency of fast and slow waves from limb to brain was not changed by the magnetic field. Heart rate was lower inside the magnet, while blood pressure results showed opposite directions in the two monkeys. Noticeable changes in blood hematology and chemistry can be attributed to the trauma caused by the implantation of the cortical electrodes. From the tests which were performed, as described above, we conclude that there were no observable effects in the two monkeys.

TRANSLATIONS ON USSR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES (FOUO 25/78) EFFECTS OF NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Unknown authors · 1978

SENSITIVITY OF C. ALBICANS CELLS TO FREQUENCY OF MODULATION IN THE 72-74 GHZ BAND

C. Tamburello, L. Dardanoni · 1978

Square-modulated 72 GHz microwaves reduced colony-forming units of Candida albicans compared with continuous-wave exposure. The study also examined how ambient temperature and different modulation frequencies affected cell sensitivity.

Health Aspects of Radio Frequency and Microwave Exposure Part 2

Unknown authors · 1978

Summary of Agency Comments on "A Technical Review of the Biological Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation"

Carl R. Gerber · 1978

THE LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN HEAT AND RADIATION SENSITIVITY IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

Leo E. Gerweck, Peggy Burlett · 1978

The study compared the effect of heat or X-irradiation on the reproductive capacity of 3 cell lines. Two human astrocytoma cell lines showed equal sensitivity to hyperthermia at 42°C or 44°C but differed in radiation sensitivity. Chinese hamster ovary cells were most sensitive to hyperthermia while showing intermediate radiation sensitivity. The results demonstrate a lack of correlation between heat and radiation sensitivity on the cellular level.

ALTERED IN VIVO LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION FOLLOWING WHOLE-BODY RFR EXPOSURE: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON T- AND B-LYMPHOCYTES

R.P. Liburdy · 1978

Researchers used a novel double-isotope labeling technique with Cr-51 labeled T-lymphocytes and In-111-oxine labeled B-lymphocytes, mixed the fractions, injected them intravenously into female Balb/c mice, and immediately exposed the mice to 2.5 GHz microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm² (45 W/g SAR) for 30 minutes at 25°C. At 30 mW/cm², T-lymphocytes showed a significant increase in migration to the lung, liver, and bone marrow and a marked reduction in migration to the spleen. B-lymphocytes were essentially unaffected by microwave irradiation.

SERUM AND LYMPHOCYTES FROM MICROWAVE EXPOSED MICE ENHANCE CELL-MEDIATED EFFECTOR FUNCTION: INCREASED LYMPHOCYTE-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY DURING ALLOGRAFT REJECTION OF EL-4 LYMPHOMA CELLS

Unknown authors · 1978

An Analysis Of Radiofrequency And Microwave Absorption Data With Consideration Of Thermal Safety Standards

Richard A. Tell · 1978

The report analyzes existing radiofrequency and microwave absorption data to examine frequency-dependent tissue heating and determine exposure field intensities linked to thermal loading on the whole body and specific tissues in adults and infants. A baseline absorption factor of 1 W/kg, equivalent to the adult basal metabolic rate averaged over total body mass, is used for comparison. In the 10 MHz to 1000 MHz range, absorption can produce whole-body thermal loads several times the basal metabolic rate at the present U.S. safety standard.

Heating of Biological Tissue in the Induction Field of VHF Portable Radio Transmitters

Quirino Balzano, Oscar Garay, Frances R. Steel · 1978

Researchers built two phantom models to study heating of simulated human tissue from VHF portable radio antennas. Temperature measurements showed penetrating power densities in the tissue were substantially lower than expected from an incident plane wave with the same electric field intensity. In the head phantom, a 6-W radio held 0.2 inches from the mouth caused less than 0.1°C temperature rise in one minute. The maximum power density penetrating the dummy was less than 1 mW/cm² at the middle forehead, and no detectable temperature increase occurred near the eyes.

CONSIDERATIONS AND CRITERIA FOR A RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY AND MICROWAVE FIELDS

Unknown authors · 1978

The criteria document was scheduled for completion by August 1979. Preparation involved NIOSH research, literature review, stakeholder communication, plant visits, and expert review. Recommendations were based on critical evaluation of biological effects and epidemiological data, plus instrumentation, engineering controls, work practices, and medical monitoring. Over 300 letters were sent to manufacturers, users, trade associations, and organized labor, yielding approximately 70 responses.

THOUGHTS ABOUT THE ADEQUACY OF THERMALLY RELATED RADIOFREQUENCY EXPOSURE SAFETY STANDARDS

R. A. Tell, F. Harlan · 1978

INFORMAL REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS AND RF FIELD INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS MADE AT A COMMERCIAL FM/TV TOWER LOCATED IN EL PASO, TEXAS

Z. Glaser, R. Curtis · 1978

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE RECOMMENDATIONS: OBSERVATIONS ON THE USES OF RF/MICROWAVE ENERGY

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health et al. · 1978

NIOSH mailed more than 300 contact letters in July 1978 to manufacturers, users, trade associations, professional societies, and labor unions. The letters requested information on bioeffects studies, engineering controls, medical monitoring, protective devices, measurement techniques, work practices, recordkeeping, and warning devices. The Summary Plant Observation Report prepared in March 1979 was incorporated into the draft criteria document chapters on environmental data and engineering controls and on work practices.

Local resistance from nearby residents and landowners is often based on fears of adverse health effects despite reassurances from telecommunications service providers that international exposure standards will be followed

Unknown authors · 1978

The paper reviews existing studies of people living or working near cellular infrastructure for long-term, low-level radiofrequency radiation exposures. Anecdotal reports and some epidemiology studies found headaches, skin rashes, sleep disturbances, depression, decreased libido, increased rates of suicide, concentration problems, dizziness, memory changes, increased risk of cancer, tremors, and other neurophysiological effects in populations near base stations. Epidemiological research in this area is sparse and contradictory, and exposures are difficult to quantify given increasing background RFR from consumer products. Some research warrants caution in infrastructure siting and further epidemiology research on total ambient RFR exposures is warranted.