EMF Research Studies

Heat as Cancer Therapy

Bull JM, Chretien PB · 1976

Pacemakers and External Interference

Elmqvist H · 1976

The paper describes interference mechanisms, the most common sources of external electromagnetic interference, and their influence on different types of pacemakers. It identifies three ways external electromagnetic interference can influence pacemaker function. Remote sources include microwave ovens, radar installations, and radio-transmitters, while direct contact sources include defibrillation, diathermy, short-wave treatment equipment, and household appliances with poor insulation. A survey of over 2200 patients found only 10 cases of interference with no serious consequences. Modern pacemakers use an interference filter that discriminates signals by repetition rate and a metal encapsulation that reduces microwave effects.

Potential microwave injuries in clinical medicine

McRee DI · 1976

Microwave Auditory Effect—A Comparison of Some Possible Transduction Mechanisms

James C. Lin · 1976

The study compares radiation pressure, restrictive force, and rapid thermal expansion as possible transduction mechanisms for the microwave auditory effect. At a peak absorbed power density of 2400 watt/m² for 2450 MHz radiation, the computed maximum stress is approximately 0.02 Newtons/m², which is above the bone-conduction hearing threshold.

Scattering of microwaves by dielectric materials used in laboratory animal restrainers

Lin JC, Wu C-L · 1976

HISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

Ernest N. Albert · 1976

Moscow Microwaves: Lethal Intrigue

K. Gheleta · 1976

The Relation of Dose Rate of Microwave Radiation to the Time of Death and Total Absorbed Dose in the Mouse

Roberts Rugh, Henry Ho, Mary McManaway · 1976

Technical Data Models 1036 and 1037 Digital Power Meter

Pacific Measurements Inc. · 1976

Model 1036 measures from -40 dBm to +10 dBm in a single range while Model 1037 measures from -30 dBm to +20 dBm. The instruments achieve rated accuracy of +0.02 dB on the upper 30 dB and +0.04 dB on the lower 20 dB of the power range. A self-check feature uses a front-panel calibrator providing 10 milliwatts accurate within +0.06 dB at 30 MHz. The detectors are protected against overloads up to 10 times full-scale rating and are field-repairable.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON EXTRA-HIGH-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINES

David E. Janes · 1976

In March 1975 the Environmental Protection Agency requested data on health and environmental effects of extremely high voltage transmission lines. By March 1976 the agency had received over 50 responses comprising more than 6,000 pages of material. This report lists each respondent with a brief description of their submission and provides an alphabetical bibliography of the technical materials received. The submitted technical material consists mostly of published articles along with some technical memorandums and internal reports. Bibliographies supplied by respondents have not yet been compiled and readers are directed to the original submissions for those references.

The Failure of Static Electrical Charges to Affect Limb Regeneration in Adult Notophthalmus viridescens

Stephen D. Smith · 1976

Pain Sensations Associated with Electrocutaneous Stimulation

James L. Mason, Neilson A. M. MacKay · 1976

Analysis of Transit Time Effects on Doppler Flow Measurement

Vernon L. Newhouse, Phillip J. Bendick, L. William Varner · 1976

The study derived a mathematical relation between the transmitted spectral density and the output spectral density for broad-bandwidth random-signal Doppler flow measurement systems operating under transit-time-limited conditions. The authors showed that random or pseudorandom Doppler systems give the same output spectrum as pulsed RF Doppler systems provided the transmitted spectral density envelopes match.

Effects of Microwave Radiation on the Lens Epithelium in the Rabbit Eye

Claire A. Van Ummersen, Frances C. Cogan · 1976

Rate Effects in Isolated Turtle Hearts Induced by Microwave Irradiation

Charles E. Tinney, James L. Lords, Carl H. Durney · 1976

The Relation of Sex, Age, and Weight of Mice to Microwave Radiation Sensitivity

Roberts Rugh · 1976

Researchers exposed 114 male and female mice of three distinct ages to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 75 watts forward power until death. Time to death increased with age for both sexes, but the mean absorbed dose at death did not differ significantly with age or weight within the same sex.

Microwave Heating of Malignant Mouse Tumors and Tissue Equivalent Phantom Systems

J. Eugene Robinson, Duncan McCulloch, Edgar A. Edelsack · 1976

Researchers exposed mammary tumors on mice to 2450 MHz microwaves at up to 200 watts in a free-field setup. Microwave heating alone from room temperature was marginal and produced unacceptably high thermal non-uniformities. Adding warm air to preheat tumors to body core temperature allowed hyperthermic temperatures of 40°C and 43°C with only 30 watts of microwave power. However, the maximum temperature deviation within tumors remained about 1.5°C, exceeding the desired uniformity of less than 0.25°C.

RF Field Intensity Measurements in Selected Broadcast Facilities

John C.H. Wang, Jack M. Linthicum · 1976

DEVELOPMENT OF AN RF NEAR-FIELD EXPOSURE SYNTHESIZER (10 to 40MHz)

Frank M. Greene · 1976

THERMAL RESPONSES TO HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FIELDS

James W. Frazer et al. · 1976

At 1000 mW/cm², rectal temperature rose from 38.1°C to 39.4°C in the first half hour and then fell to 38.8°C, while skin temperature rose to 38.6°C and then fell to 37.2°C. At 750 mW/cm², skin temperature increased 1.4°C then declined 1.5°C, and rectal temperature increased 0.4°C to an equilibrium of about 37.8°C. Continuous 6-hour exposure at 750 mW/cm² raised rectal temperature by 1.7°C and skin temperature by 2.8°C.

A Passive Electrodeless Method for Determining the Interior Field of Biological Materials

Morris E. Brodwin, Allen Taflove, John E. Matz · 1976

Determination of Power Absorption in Man Exposed to High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields by Thermographic Measurements on Scale Models

Arthur W. Guy, Michael D. Webb, Carrol C. Sorensen · 1976

Researchers used thermographic measurements on scale models of humans in a VHF resonant cavity to determine power absorption characteristics for full-scale humans exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Peak power absorption densities of 5.63 W/kg were found for a human exposed to 10 mW/cm² at 31 MHz. Absorption decreased as the square of the frequency for frequencies below 31 MHz.

HEALTH HAZARDS FROM TELEMETRY RF EXPOSURE ? A REVIEW ON THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND BIOSYSTEMS

Peter A. Neukomm · 1976

Most telemetry equipment operates between 10 and 1000 MHz with radiated power from a few microwatts to approximately 2 W. Hot spots in animal brains show heating potential 10 to 15 times higher than predicted by the RAC method.

THE EFFECT OF 1.6 GHZ RADIATION ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN DISCRETE AREAS OF THE RAT BRAIN

James H. Merritt, Richard H. Hartzell, James W. Frazer · 1976

Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation (Radiowaves and Microwaves) - Eurasian Communist Countries (U)

Unknown authors · 1976

The review assessed human vulnerability, protection materials, and methods for military operations, using sources up to October 1975. It examined biological effects of radiofrequency and microwave radiation up to 300,000 megahertz, including both thermal and nonthermal effects. The review noted that Communist research relied heavily on animal and in vitro studies of systems such as blood, cardiovascular, and nervous systems, and that Communist exposure standards were more stringent than Western standards.