6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
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EMF Research Studies

Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.

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Whole Body / General
Measurement survey

Comparison of microwave power density meters

Moore RL, Smith SW, Cloke RL, Brown DG · 1971

This report presents a comparison of several types of survey instruments designed to detect and measure microwave power density emitted from microwave ovens. The pocket dosimeter was totally unsuitable as a quantitative instrument. The following tabulation compares a thermocouple device, a thermistor device, and a helix antenna with a diode detector. As a result of the tests outlined in this report it was found that the thermocouple device is best suited to measure leakage close to a slot source such as a microwave oven at 2450 MHz.

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Whole Body / General

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION, PART 1

Heering, van Osch · 1971

The report defines microwave radiation as electromagnetic radiation covering the range between conventional radio waves and far infrared. It explains that microwave absorption in tissues depends on water content and frequency, with fat allowing deeper penetration than muscle. The report classifies biological effects into thermal, specific thermal, and non-thermal categories and notes that harmful thermal effects usually occur at power densities exceeding 100 aW/on.

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Whole Body / GeneralNo Effects Found

SURVEY OF RADIATION LEVELS GENERATED BY EQUIPMENT USED ON EC-121 AIRCRAFT, AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF SELECTED CREW MEMBERS

USAF Radiological Health Laboratory (AFLC) · 1971

No hazardous levels of ionizing, ultraviolet, or microwave radiation were detected aboard the aircraft during flight. Sound levels during flight were considerably above recommended values and were the most significant hazard identified. Clinical examinations of 27 study group personnel and 23 control personnel revealed no differences in lens findings between the groups.

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Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study

VHF-UHF RADIATION HAZARDS AND SAFETY GUIDELINES

J. Damelin · 1971

The report explains that high-power VHF-UHF radiation can harm people and animals by overheating tissue. It defines radiation protection guide numbers of 10 and 1.0 milliwatts per square meter for different temperature-humidity indices. If the curves indicate a potential hazard, the actual antenna system must be analyzed with extensive near-field calculations.

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Immune System

MODIFICATIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL LEUKOGRAM BY THE INTERACTION OF THE BIOFIELD AND ARTIFICIAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

P. JITARIU, C. SCHNELLER-PAVELESCU, ELENA CHERA · 1971

Researchers used a homogeneous group of 20 adult rabbits weighing 1700 to 2000 grams. The rabbits were exposed to a rectangular pulsating electromagnetic field with a one-second pause after three seconds of excitation for 10 consecutive days, each session lasting three minutes. Total leukocyte counts rose 12.158% after five exposures and 21.896% after ten exposures compared with controls. The white blood cell differential shifted with neutrophils decreasing while lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils increased.

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Cancer & Tumors

ENHANCEMENT OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY BY SELECTIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING OF TUMORS

H. A. Ecker, C. P. Burns, R. L. Magin, V. P. Popovic · 1971

In the differential hypothermia technique, the whole animal was cooled to 40-50°F and electromagnetic radiation heated the tumor to approximately 98°F. Cooled healthy tissues utilized very little of the anticancer drug while the warm tumor with high metabolic rate was affected to a much higher degree. Mice with spontaneous tumors treated with 5-fluorouracil and differential hypothermia showed significant tumor regression after several hours. Rats with chemically induced tumors showed tumor regression in all cases after differential hypothermia and chemotherapy. A technique using 3-30 MHz radiation with ferrite or magnetic stainless steel doping was developed for heating deep tumors such as in the brain.

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Whole Body / General
Measurement survey

A SURVEY OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE OVENS IN ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Eugene Edmonds, James Hartranft · 1971

Ninety-three ovens were surveyed, with 29 used for residential use, 62 for commercial use, and 2 for sales demonstration. Seven percent of residential ovens and 23% of commercial ovens leaked above the voluntary industry standard of 10 mW/cm?. Twenty-eight percent of home ovens and 41% of commercial ovens had mechanical deficiencies. Detectable leakage greater than 0.5 mW/cm? was found in 82% of ovens, and 41% exceeded the proposed national standard of 5 mW/cm? at 5 cm distance.

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