6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

EMF Research Studies

Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.

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Effect of Chronic Microwave Irradiation on the Blood Forming System of Guinea Pigs and Rabbits

S. Baranski · 1971

Researchers exposed 100 guinea pigs and 100 rabbits to continuous or pulsed 10 cm microwaves at 3.5 mW/cm power density for 3 hours daily over 3 months. Peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen were examined. Bone marrow erythroblasts showed abnormal chromatin structure, karyolysis, nuclear fragmentation, and abnormal mitoses with chromosomal bridges and clumping; identical abnormalities appeared in lymphocytes of spleen and lymph nodes.

New Techniques for Implementing Microwave Biological-Exposure Systems

Harold L. Bassett et al. · 1971

The focused prolate spheroid uses a waveguide feed at one focus and places the biological sample at the other focus to achieve large power densities over about one square wavelength. The absorber-lined horn acts as a small source within an anechoic chamber that reduces errors due to interaction with the biological sample. The compact range employs a reflector and feed system to generate a plane wave across a large aperture for illuminating large volumes. All three systems can be implemented in a limited space without an anechoic chamber, and experimental data from model systems are presented.

Microwave Exposure System for Biological Specimens

McRee D, Walsh P · 1971

The system uses a Litton Power Pak magnetron with a continuous-wave output of 0.5-1.5 kW and an absorber-lined horn to produce a uniform field near the horn aperture. Field calibration showed variations of approximately +5% over a 15 cm square area, +10% over a 24 cm square area, and +15% over a 32 cm square area at 61 cm from the horn. The presence of specimens did not alter the power output, and no reflected power was measurable at 200 mW//cm!.

Biological Effectiveness of Magnetic Fields

Unknown authors · 1971

The review noted that literature on magnetic field biological effects had increased dramatically during the last decade. Many studies reported subjective effects like fatigue and irritability, but these were difficult to assess quantitatively. The literature was described as extensive and often contradictory, with some studies finding effects on cellular systems while others found none. Only one review (Ketchen, Porter and Bolten 1978) proposed a human exposure limit of 0.02 Tesla for continuous static magnetic field exposure. Other reviews concluded that data inadequacies did not allow informed statements about permissible exposure levels.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF NATURAL AND WEAK ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS (On the State of the Art)

Yu. A. Kholodov, Yu. I. Novitsky · 1971

They identified several problem areas for the geomagnetic field's biological significance, including orientation, magnetic anomalies, ontogenesis, hypomagnetic syndrome, and sensitivity mechanisms. The authors concluded that no mechanism for weak-field perception had been demonstrated, including hypothesized membrane mechanisms or intracellular magnetic fields.

Analyses of Electromagnetic Fields Induced in Biological Tissues by Thermographic Studies on Equivalent Phantom Models

Arthur W. Guy · 1971

The method uses a thermograph camera to record temperature distributions from energy absorption in phantom models that match tissue dielectric and geometric properties. Electric field magnitude is derived from the square root of the calculated heating pattern. The technique was validated by comparing experimental results with theoretical results for plane layers exposed to a rectangular-aperture source and cylindrical layers exposed to a plane-wave source.

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