Unknown authors · 2008
The review notes increasing public concern about health risks from ELF and RF fields. It lists a wide range of health endpoints associated with ELF and/or RF, including childhood leukaemia, brain tumours, and neurodegenerative diseases. The BioInitiative Report concludes that a reasonable suspicion of risk exists and recommends new lower exposure limits for ELF and precautionary limits for RF. Current microwave exposure guidelines for mobile phones are 1.6 W/Kg in the US and 2 W/Kg in Europe, and the authors argue a biologically based guideline is warranted because mobile phone use is linked to increased brain tumour risk after 10 years.
Unknown authors · 2008
The case-control study in Japan estimated specific absorption rate inside tumours using a novel approach accounting for spatial relationships. Personal interviews included 88 glioma patients, 132 meningioma patients, 102 pituitary adenoma patients, and 683 matched controls. All maximal SAR values were below 0.1 W kg−1, and adjusted odds ratios for regular mobile phone users were 1.22 for glioma and 0.70 for meningioma. When maximal SAR inside tumour tissue was accounted for, the overall odds ratio was not increased and no significant trend with SAR-derived exposure indices was found.
Unknown authors · 2008
RF-EMF discrimination was investigated in seven studies including a total of 182 self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitive (EHS) individuals and 332 non-EHS individuals. The pooled correct field detection rate was 4.2% better than expected by chance (95% CI: -2.1 to 10.5). There was no evidence that EHS individuals could detect presence or absence of RF-EMF better than other persons. There was little evidence that short-term exposure to a mobile phone or base station causes symptoms based on eight randomized trials investigating 194 EHS and 346 non-EHS individuals in a laboratory.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed human lens epithelial cells intermittently for 24 hours to radiofrequency fields at specific absorption rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4 W/kg. DNA damage measured by alkaline comet assay increased significantly at 3 and 4 W/kg, while double-strand breaks increased only at 4 W/kg. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels rose significantly at 3 and 4 W/kg, and cells exposed to 4 W/kg showed G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis did not differ between exposed and sham groups, and all observed effects were blocked when the radiofrequency field was superposed with 2 muT electromagnetic noise.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers recorded TEOAEs in 27 healthy young adults before and after 10 minutes of real or sham GSM exposure in a double-blind design. TEOAE data were analyzed both globally using broadband analysis and with wavelet transform for time-frequency fine structure. Both analyses revealed no significant effect of exposure on TEOAEs.
Unknown authors · 2008
The review examines radiofrequency and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field effects on the blood-brain barrier. Evidence indicates that exposure to electromagnetic fields at non-thermal levels can disrupt the blood-brain barrier. The authors note that demonstrated effects have caused societal anxiety and that continued research is needed to understand how to neutralize or reduce these effects.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers developed child head models based on magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed maximum SAR over 10 g in seven child and six adult heterogeneous head models. They also assessed SAR over 1 g in specific tissues for both child and adult head models. Simulations showed that maximum SAR over 10 g differed little between adults and children relative to variability, but maximum SAR in 1 g of peripheral brain tissue was about two times higher in child models aged 5–8 years than in adult models, with no difference for older children.
Unknown authors · 2008
Since 1999, multiple studies used high-throughput screening to examine genome-wide and proteome-wide responses to RF fields similar to mobile phones. The review concluded that results are still inconclusive because most positive reports have methodological flaws. No precise, reproducible response pattern was identified when positive findings were reported. HTST studies tend to exclude a cell stressor role for RF fields at nonthermal intensities.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed murine L929 fibroblasts to 872 MHz continuous wave or pulse modulated RF radiation at 5 W/kg. They measured ornithine decarboxylase activity after 1- and 24-hour exposures, proliferation during 48 hours after 24-hour exposure, and caspase-3 activity after 1-hour exposure. The cells responded to fresh medium and serum deprivation, but no consistent effects of RF radiation were found. One statistically significant difference in ODC activity (p=0.03) was observed but considered a chance finding due to multiple comparisons and lack of support from other data. The results did not support effects on the endpoints studied, and stressed or stimulated cells were not more sensitive than normal cells to RF radiation.
Unknown authors · 2008
The paper reviews cytogenetic biomonitoring studies of humans exposed to radiofrequency radiation. Most reviewed studies report increased frequencies of genetic damage such as chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes or buccal cells of exposed individuals. Radiation dosimetry was lacking in all papers, and some investigations had more severe flaws.
Valbonesi P et al. · 2008
Researchers used the human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo to evaluate HSP70 and HSC70 protein and gene expression and primary DNA damage after nonthermal exposure to pulse-modulated 1817 MHz GSM-217 Hz waves for one hour at a SAR of 2 W/kg. Heat shock significantly enhanced HSP70 expression but not HSC70 expression. Exposure to high-frequency EMFs did not change HSP70 or HSC70 protein or gene expression. Hydrogen peroxide caused a significant increase in DNA strand breaks, but EMF exposure did not. Overall, no evidence was found that the exposure induced a HSP70-mediated stress response or primary DNA damage.
Prisco MG et al. · 2008
Lerchl A et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed adult male Djungarian hamsters to RF-EMF at 383, 900, and 1800 MHz for 60 days at 80 mW/kg. Pineal and serum melatonin levels and organ weights were not affected in any experiment. Body weight increased transiently up to 4% at 383 MHz, increased up to 6% non-transiently at 900 MHz, and was unchanged at 1800 MHz.
Lee JJ et al. · 2008
NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts were exposed to 849 MHz RF radiation at average SAR values of 2 or 10 W/kg for either 1 hour or 1 hour per day for 3 days. Cellular invasion and migration were assessed using in vitro Matrigel invasion and Transwell migration assays. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed at 24 and 48 hours after exposure by flow cytometry. The study found no detectable effects on cell cycle distribution, cellular migration, or invasion at the tested SAR values.
Kim DW, Lee JH, Ji HC, Kim SC, Nam KC, Cha EJ. · 2008
Researchers exposed 18 self-declared EHS volunteers and 19 controls to both sham and real RF from a CDMA phone for half an hour each. They measured heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability. The CDMA phone exposure produced no effects on any of these parameters in either group.
Johansson A et al. · 2008
Fifteen subjects with atopic dermatitis and 15 matched controls were exposed for 30 min to a 900 MHz GSM mobile phone-like RF field at 1 W/kg. Blood samples were taken before and after exposure to measure serum levels of substance P (SP), TNF R1, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). At baseline, the atopic dermatitis group had significantly higher serum TNF R1 and significantly lower BDNF than controls, while SP did not differ. No effects of RF exposure were found on any of the measured substances. Symptom reports were too few to evaluate a possible correlation with exposure.
Huang TQ et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed HEI-OC1 immortalized mouse auditory hair cells to 1763 MHz RF at 20 W/kg SAR in a CDMA chamber for 24 and 48 hours. They assessed cell cycle, DNA damage, heat shock protein expression, MAPK phosphorylation, and gene expression, finding no changes in cell cycle, DNA damage, HSP expression, or MAPK phosphorylation. Microarray analysis showed only 29 genes (0.09% of total) changed more than 1.5-fold after exposure.
Huang TQ, Lee MS, Oh E, Zhang BT, Seo JS, Park WY. · 2008
They assessed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and gene expression. RF exposure did not significantly change cell numbers, cell cycle distribution, or DNA damage levels. Genome-wide analysis found no genes changed more than two-fold, but ten genes changed 1.3- to 1.8-fold, including down-regulation of CXCR3 and IL1R2.
Hirose H et al. · 2008
Researchers continuously exposed BALB/3T3 cells to 2.1425 GHz W-CDMA RF fields at SARs of 80 and 800 mW/kg for 6 weeks. They also tested MCA-treated cells and MCA plus TPA-treated cells for tumor promotion and co-promotion effects. No significant differences in transformation frequency were found between RF-exposed groups and sham-exposed controls in any treatment condition. The results suggest that exposure to low-level RF radiation of up to 800 mW/kg does not induce cell transformation.
Bamiou DE, Ceranic B, Cox R, Watt H, Chadwick P, Luxon LM. · 2008
The study used a double blind design with nine case subjects who reported symptoms after prolonged mobile telephone use and 21 control subjects. Each subject underwent 30 min exposures to pulsed RF, continuous RF, or no emission from a dummy phone system at 882 MHz with a maximum SAR of 1.3 W kg−1 (± 30%). Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions showed no significant changes from baseline after any exposure and no differences between cases and controls. Video-oculography detected no effect of exposure on the vestibular end organ in either group.
Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate headache type and location in a provocation study to gain insight into possible causes and mechanisms. Seventeen participants completed 130 trials of sham or RF exposure. No significant difference existed in headache type, laterality, or location between the two exposure types. In most participants, the headache was compatible with tension-type headache.
Stefanics G, Thuróczy G, Kellényi L, Hernádi I · 2008
Before and after exposure, subjects heard tone bursts while EEG was recorded and counted target tones. No significant effects were found on the amplitude or latency of N100, N200, P200, or P300 components. Early evoked gamma activity was also insensitive to the UMTS RF exposure.
Riddervold IS et al. · 2008
Forty adolescents and 40 adults were exposed to UMTS base station signals and sham conditions in a randomized, double-blinded cross-over design. Each exposure lasted 45 minutes while participants performed cognitive tasks and reported symptoms. No statistically significant differences were found between UMTS and sham conditions for the main cognitive test. An increase in headache rating was observed when combining both age groups, though this may reflect baseline differences.
Kim TH et al. · 2008
Researchers used a carousel-type chamber to expose the heads of C57BL mice to 849 MHz or 1763 MHz RF radiation. Mice were irradiated intermittently at 7.8 W/kg for up to 12 months. Brain tissues collected at 6 and 12 months showed no differences in histology, cell proliferation, NeuN and GFAP expression in hippocampus and cerebellum, or cell death between exposure and control groups. Body weights did not differ among sham, 849 MHz, and 1763 MHz groups during the study.
Nagaoka T, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K, Watanabe S. · 2008
The paper outlines the development of pregnant woman models adjusted to reference physiological characteristics for gestation ages of 13, 18, and 26 weeks. The models are composed of voxels of 2 x 2 x 2 mm³ and include 56 tissue types. Basic specific absorption rate (SAR) characteristics for whole-body RF exposure were calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
