Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans for therapeutic applications. The research was conducted during the early development of magnetron technology, which could generate high-power microwaves in the 300 to 300,000 megacycle frequency range. The study represents one of the earliest investigations into how microwave energy interacts with human tissue.
CHARLES S. WISE, BENJAMIN CASTLEMAN, ARTHUR L. WATKINS · 1949
This 1949 study exposed growing rats to medical diathermy treatments (shortwave and microwave radiation) near their knee joints to see if these electromagnetic fields affected bone growth. The researchers found that single exposures to both 8-meter shortwave and 11-centimeter microwave frequencies caused observable changes in bone development. This early research demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation could interfere with normal growth processes in developing tissue.
Barbara L. Feucht, A. W. Richardson, H. M. Hines · 1949
This 1949 study examined whether metal implants in tissues create dangerous heating hotspots when exposed to microwave radiation used in medical diathermy treatments. Researchers found conflicting evidence, with some showing metals can concentrate electromagnetic fields and cause tissue damage, while animal studies suggested implants deep in tissue may not reach dangerous temperatures.
Herman J. Flax, Ruth N. Miller, Steven M. Horvath · 1949
This 1949 study examined how shortwave diathermy (a medical heating device using radio frequencies) affected blood circulation in human legs. Researchers found conflicting results - some studies showed decreased blood flow despite tissue heating of 4 degrees Celsius, while others reported 69% increases in circulation. The controversy highlighted early concerns about RF energy's unpredictable effects on blood vessels.
Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans. The research was conducted during the early development of microwave technology, when scientists were exploring therapeutic applications using magnetron oscillators that could generate focused microwave energy.
England TS, Sharples NA · 1949
This 1949 study investigated how microwave radiation interacts with human body tissues by measuring their dielectric properties (how materials respond to electromagnetic fields). This was pioneering research that helped establish the scientific foundation for understanding how microwaves penetrate and affect biological tissues. The work provided early insights into how electromagnetic fields behave in the human body.
Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans, marking early research into microwave therapeutic applications. The researchers explored microwaves in the 300 to 300,000 megacycle frequency range using newly developed magnetron technology originally created for military radar systems. This represents some of the first documented human exposure to controlled microwave radiation for medical purposes.
C. Suffern · 1948
This 1948 study by C. Suffern investigated how homing pigeons respond to Earth's magnetic field for navigation purposes. The research examined whether these birds can detect and use magnetic field information to find their way home, contributing to early understanding of biological magnetoreception. This work helped establish that living organisms can sense electromagnetic fields in their environment.
Lawrence L. Siems, A. J. Kosman, Stafford L. Osborne · 1948
This 1948 study compared how microwave versus shortwave diathermy (medical heating devices) affected blood flow in dog arteries. Researchers found that microwave heating increased blood flow while shortwave heating either had no effect or actually decreased it, challenging the assumption that all forms of heating improve circulation equally.
Horvath SM, Miller RN, Hutt BK · 1948
This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissues, investigating temperature gradients and thermal effects in the body. The research explored microwave diathermy applications and measured tissue temperature changes during exposure. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with human biology.
A. J. KOSMAN, S. L. OSBORNE, A. C. IVY · 1948
This 1948 research studied how different electrical current types and frequencies affect muscle function in dogs, specifically examining whether electrical stimulation could prevent muscle wasting after nerve damage. The study focused on understanding which electrical parameters work best for maintaining muscle health when natural nerve signals are disrupted.
Ralph E. Worden et al. · 1948
This 1948 study examined how microwave radiation heats living tissue under normal blood flow conditions versus when blood circulation is blocked (ischemia). Researchers found that microwaves produce significant tissue heating and investigated optimal exposure durations for therapeutic applications.
Charles S. Wise · 1948
This 1948 study measured blood flow changes in human forearms during radiofrequency diathermy treatment using plethysmographic recordings. The research challenged earlier findings that suggested RF heating decreased blood flow, instead confirming that tissue heating increases circulation as expected from basic physiology.
Bierman W. · 1948
This 1948 medical paper by Dr. Bierman examined the therapeutic use of artificially induced fever to treat infections like gonorrhea and syphilis, during the transition period when antibiotics like penicillin were becoming available. The research documented fever therapy methods and their effectiveness compared to emerging chemical treatments.
C. R. KEMP, W. D. PAUL, H. M. HINES · 1948
This 1948 study investigated how diathermy (radiofrequency heat therapy) affects blood flow in deep body tissues. Researchers measured temperature changes and circulation responses when tissues were heated with RF energy. The study aimed to understand whether tissue heating depends more on inadequate blood flow or excessive heat application rates.
A. W. RICHARDSON, T. D. DUANE, H. M. HINES · 1948
This 1948 study explored whether microwave radiation could cause cataracts in eyes, using a new 12.25 cm wavelength microwave generator. The research built on earlier work showing that various forms of radiation could damage the lens of the eye. This was among the first investigations into microwave radiation's potential to cause eye damage.
E. van Someren, E. C. Rollason · 1948
This 1948 study measured radiation emissions from welding arcs and found they produce the same intensity of radiation at the welder's eye as direct sunlight. Researchers used specialized equipment including vacuum thermopiles and absorption cells made from bull's eye tissue to quantify the radiation exposure. The findings highlighted a significant occupational health concern for welders who face intense electromagnetic radiation during their work.
L. Daily, Jr., K. G. Wakim, J. F. Herrick, E. M. Parkhill · 1948
This 1948 study examined how microwave diathermy (medical microwave heating) affected animal eyes, measuring temperature changes and looking for tissue damage. The research was conducted during the early development of microwave medical devices, when scientists were first discovering how microwaves interact with biological tissue. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into microwave effects on sensitive organs like the eyes.
Rajewsky, V., Schwan, H. · 1948
This 1948 research by Bajevsky measured how human blood responds to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation by studying its dielectric properties and electrical conductivity. The study examined how blood tissue interacts with radiofrequency fields, providing early data on how biological materials behave when exposed to EMF. This foundational work helped establish baseline measurements for understanding how electromagnetic energy interacts with human tissue.
KHALIL G. WAKIM et al. · 1948
This 1948 study examined how short wave diathermy (a medical heating treatment using radio frequency radiation) affects blood circulation in both dogs and humans. Researchers used plethysmographic measurements to determine whether this therapeutic RF exposure increases or decreases blood flow in the extremities.
Steven M. Horvath, Ruth V. Miller, Bruce K. Holt · 1948
This 1948 study examined how microwave radiation at 12.3 MHz heats human tissue, using thermocouples inserted into subjects' thighs to measure temperature changes. Researchers tested different power levels (25, 50, and 80 watts) to understand how microwaves could be used for medical heating therapy. The study found that microwaves effectively heated deep tissue, providing early evidence of biological effects from electromagnetic radiation.
OSBORNE, SL, FREDERICK, MS · 1948
This 1948 study investigated how 12-centimeter wavelength microwave radiation heats human and animal tissues, likely for medical diathermy applications. The research examined tissue heating effects from high-frequency electromagnetic fields, providing early scientific documentation of how microwave energy interacts with biological tissues. This work represents foundational research into microwave heating mechanisms that would later inform both medical applications and safety standards.
C. J. Imig, J. D. Thomson, H. M. Hines · 1948
This 1948 study by CJ Imig examined how microwave radiation affects testicular tissue in laboratory rodents, documenting degenerative changes in reproductive organs. The research represents one of the earliest investigations into microwave radiation's biological effects on male fertility. This foundational work established that electromagnetic fields could cause measurable tissue damage in reproductive systems.
Steven M. Horvath, Ruth V. Miller, Bruce K. Hutt · 1948
This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissue, exploring temperature gradients and thermal effects. The research investigated microwave radiation's potential for therapeutic heating applications, particularly in diathermy treatments. This represents some of the earliest scientific documentation of how microwaves interact with human tissue.
H. Schwan · 1948
This 1948 research by Schwan examined how temperature affects the dielectric properties of human blood when exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The study investigated how blood's electrical characteristics change with temperature variations, providing foundational data for understanding how EMF interacts with biological tissues. This early work helped establish the scientific basis for measuring electromagnetic effects in living systems.
