Megha K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Fischer rats to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz microwave radiation for 30 days at 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, with specific absorption rates of 5.953 × 10−4 and 5.835 × 10−4 W/kg respectively. Levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin were measured in the hippocampus using LC–MS/MS. Exposed animals showed significant reductions in DA, NE, E and 5-HT, and significant downregulation in mRNA expression of TH, TPH1, and TPH2 compared with sham-exposed animals (p < 0.05).
Lustenberger et al. · 2015
The study investigated how much variation exists between individuals and within the same individual in response to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during sleep. The EEG analysis showed exposure-related increases in the delta-theta frequency range at several fronto-central electrodes, but no differences in the spindle frequency range. Reproducible within-subject effects on sleep spindle and delta-theta activity were not observed, and it remained unclear whether a biological trait of how subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists.
Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. · 2015
Researchers tracked the movement of 10 pairs of guppies and 15 pairs of zebrafish in a fish tank under a cell phone-generated RF EMF. Fish locomotion was observed under normal conditions, in the visual presence of a cell phone, after feeding, and under starvation. Fish locomotor behavior was random both in normal conditions and in the presence of an off-signaled cell phone, but there were significant changes in locomotion after feeding under the RF EMF. The researchers also demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed effects.
Ghosn R et al. · 2015
Researchers recorded resting EEG in 26 healthy young subjects under sham and real RF exposure conditions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Compared with the sham session, the exposure session showed a statistically significant decrease of alpha band spectral power during the closed-eyes condition. This effect persisted in the postexposure session, and no significant changes were detected in electrode impedance, salivary cortisol, or caffeine between conditions.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed male Fischer rats to microwave radiation for 180 days at 3 different frequencies, namely, 900, 1800 MHz, and 2450 MHz. The study investigated effects on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and DNA damage in rat brain. The results showed declined cognitive function, elevated HSP70 level, and DNA damage in the brains of microwave-exposed animals. The researchers concluded that chronic low-intensity microwave exposure in the frequency range of 900 to 2450 MHz may cause hazardous effects on the brain.
Danker-Hopfe H et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled cross-over study to examine whether electromagnetic fields from GSM 900 and WCDMA/UMTS devices affected sleep. Thirty healthy young men between 18 and 30 years old were each exposed three times per exposure condition while their sleep was recorded. The only consistent finding across individuals was an increase of stage R sleep under GSM 900 MHz exposure in 9 of 30 subjects and under WCDMA/UMTS exposure in 10 of 30 subjects.
Bodera P et al. · 2015
Researchers measured malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the blood, liver, kidneys, and brain of Wistar rats that were healthy or had inflammation, and exposed them repeatedly to 1800 MHz EMF. The exposure was repeated five times for 15 minutes and was studied both alone and combined with the opioid painkiller tramadol. MDA levels were slightly elevated in the blood, kidney, and brain of healthy rats in EMF-exposed groups treated with tramadol, while MDA in the liver remained at the same level across all groups. Overall, results for healthy rats and animals with inflammation did not differ significantly.
Adams et al · 2014
Researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using random effects models to determine whether radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones affects human sperm quality. The meta-analysis included ten studies with 1492 samples from fertility clinics and research centres. Sperm quality outcomes measured were motility, viability, and concentration. Exposure to mobile phones was associated with reduced sperm motility (mean difference -8.1%, 95% CI -13.1 to -3.2) and viability (mean difference -9.1%, 95% CI -18.4 to 0.2), while effects on concentration were equivocal. Results were consistent across experimental in vitro and observational in vivo studies.
Wang Q et al. · 2014
Researchers isolated amniotic epithelial cells from human placenta and exposed them to pulsed electromagnetic field and/or osteo-induction medium for 21 days. PEMF alone or osteo-induction medium alone induced osteogenic differentiation as shown by expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The combination of PEMF and osteo-induction medium had synergistic effects on osteogenic differentiation. Gene expression of BMP-2, Runx2, β-catenin, Nrf2, Keap1, and integrinβ1 was up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed transfected rat primary cells to static magnetic fields of 1 to 440 mT for 16, 24, or 48 hours starting at 24 and 48 hours post-transfection. Heat shock protein (HSP70) expression was measured via a promoter-linked luciferase reporter for up to 96 hours. Expression showed a dependence on flux density, exposure duration, and start time post-transfection. A nonlinear response yielded a maximum 3.5-fold increase in expression for 48 hours of exposure starting 48 hours after transfection. The enhancement was similar in magnitude to that from electric fields but avoided clinical complications.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of gadolinium and the possible enhancing effect of ELF-EMF on gadolinium toxicity in cultured human lymphocytes using micronuclei assay, trypan blue dye exclusion, single cell gel electrophoresis, and apoptosis analyses. Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to 0.2-1.2 mM gadolinium only or in combination with a 60-Hz ELF-EMF of 0.8 mT field strength. Gadolinium exposure caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in micronuclei frequency, single strand DNA breakage, apoptotic cell death, and ROS production. ELF-EMF exposure also increased cell death, micronuclei frequency, olive tail moment, and apoptosis induced by gadolinium treatment alone.
Unknown authors · 2014
Shi D, Zhu C, Lu R, Mao S, Qi Y · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers studied the combined effects of extremely high-frequency EMR and X-rays on DNA damage in mouse whole blood leukocytes. Pulse-modulated EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz with 0.1 mW/cm2 power density for 20 minutes induced hydrogen peroxide at 4.6 ± 0.3 nM L−1. Exposure to this pulse-modulated EMR 25 minutes before 4 Gy X-rays reduced ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Continuous EHF EMR was inefficient. Low-level hydrogen peroxide (30–500 nM L−1) also protected cells against X-irradiation.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells to static magnetic fields alone or combined with 5 and 10 MHz RF magnetic fields. Cell numbers decreased by up to 30% on Day 2 with the 10 MHz RF field combined with static field compared to static field alone. Hydrogen peroxide production increased by 55% after 8 hours of exposure to the 10 MHz RF field.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT for 8 days. The hBM-MSC derived neurons were then analyzed by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR. Researchers analyzed the transcriptome of neuronal cells after an 8-day ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 1 mT) and compared the transcriptional profiles to control cells. Early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) is one of the key transcription factors in ELF-EMF-induced neuronal differentiation. Transplantations of ELF-EMF-induced neurons significantly alleviate symptoms in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease.
Ma Q et al · 2014
Researchers exposed primary cultured embryonic neural stem cells to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at various magnetic intensities and exposure times. Cell proliferation showed no significant change across multiple assays including viability, DNA synthesis, neurosphere size, cell cycle, and cell-cycle gene transcripts. During differentiation, 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 2 mT for 3 days down-regulated Sox2 and up-regulated Math1, Math3, Ngn1, and Tuj1 mRNA levels. However, the percentages of neurons and astrocytes did not change as measured by immunofluorescence.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed human fetal scleral fibroblasts to 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mT for 6 to 48 h. The growth rate of the fibroblasts significantly decreased after 24 h of exposure to 0.2 mT. Messenger RNA expression of collagen type I decreased while matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression increased significantly. Protein expressions of collagen type I and MMP-2 were also significantly altered after exposure.
Isaac Aleman E et al · 2014
Researchers investigated the influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on net photosynthesis, transpiration, photosynthetic pigment concentration, and RBCS1 gene expression during in vitro establishment, in vitro multiplication and acclimatization phases of coffee seedlings. Treated plants were exposed to a 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field of 2 mT for 3 minutes while untreated plants served as controls. Magnetically treated plants showed significant increases in net photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment concentration across phases, along with differential RBCS1 gene expression and decreased transpiration rates.
Unknown authors · 2014
Human stem cells possess memory, implying that all living human cells must have a memory system. The author suggests magnetite may be the best candidate for a universal memory molecule because it is Earth's most distributed magnetic material. Magnetite is found in the human brain, heart, liver, and spleen, and anomalous concentrations are associated with Alzheimer's disease. The author argues that the rapid speed and accuracy of the brain require memory to be governed by quantum mechanics.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to a 2mT, 50 Hz magnetic field for 3 h. Proteomics analysis using 2D electrophoresis and bioinformatics showed that expression of 189 proteins changed in exposed cells relative to control. PCA analysis confirmed that protein data clustered according to experimental conditions.
