Azimzadeh M et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their pups to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves from a base transceiver station antenna during gestation or the first 21 days after birth for 2 h/d or 4 h/d. Passive avoidance learning and memory were assessed in 45-day-old pups with a shuttle box, and hippocampal histomorphology was examined. All exposed subgroups showed impaired passive avoidance learning and memory, the prenatal exposure group had the greatest deficit, and a mild decrease in pyramidal cell density was seen in exposed subgroups I and III.
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Pregnant rats were exposed to radiofrequency fields starting on day 21 of pregnancy, and offspring were tested with Y maze at 3 weeks, open field at 7 weeks, and hippocampal NMDAR expression at 9 weeks. The 1800 MHz and 1800 MHz + WiFi groups showed a downward trend in body weight, and the WiFi group opened eyes earlier than controls. In open field tests, the 1800 MHz + WiFi group had shorter overall path length and delayed stationary time, the WiFi group had shorter path length and increased velocity in the error arm, and the 1800 MHz + WiFi group showed increased central area activity. Both exposure groups down-regulated NR2A and NR2B and up-regulated NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B, while the WiFi group also up-regulated NR1 and NR2C.
Jeong et al. · 2020
Public concerns exist about deleterious biological consequences of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. These concerns have led to wide consideration of the potential effects of RF-EMF on the central nervous system.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 and 24 hours. Exposure for 24 hours increased the autophagy marker ATG5, but did not change LC3B-I, LC3B-II, or pERK in either cell type. A transient increase in glutathione was observed only in SH-SY5Y cells, while hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase were unaffected. Apoptosis, living cell number, and apoptosis-inducing factor were not altered by exposure at either duration.
Unknown authors · 2020
The study applied 1,800 MHz mobile phone RFR at 2 and 4 W/kg with a 5-minute on, 10-minute off cycle for 24 hours. They measured DNA damage, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species in marginal cells using Comet assay, flow cytometry, DAPI staining, and a fluorescent probe. No DNA damage or increase in apoptosis was observed, but ROS production was significantly higher in the 4 W/kg group compared with controls.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed young adult male Wistar rats to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field radiation at 1966.1 MHz, 4.0 mW/cm2, and 0.36 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 16 weeks. Another set of animals was kept under similar conditions without radiation exposure as controls. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress hormones. Exposed rats showed significantly increased hippocampal oxidative stress, elevated levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, increased adrenal gland weight, and higher levels of ACTH and corticosterone. However, changes in contextual fear memory were not statistically significant.
Unknown authors · 2020
The study used 32 adult male BALB/c mice divided into four groups: control, melatonin (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days), RF-EMR exposure (900 MHz, 100 to 300 MT, 54 to 160 W/m, 4 hours per day whole body), and melatonin plus RF-EMR. After exposure, researchers evaluated oxidative stress parameters, testosterone level, and testicular histopathology. RF-EMR exposure induced oxidative stress, testicular tissue damage, and decreased testosterone. Melatonin treatment improved oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), testis injury score, increased germinal epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone in EMR-exposed mice, with significant differences (p < .05).
Sharma A , Shrivastava S, Shukla S · 2020
The study evaluated microwave radiation at 1800 MHz and a specific absorption rate of 0.433 W/kg on male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed for 90 days at four hours per day, five days per week. DNA damage increased in brain neurons and acetylcholinesterase levels declined significantly.
Li Q, Tian M, Teng J, Gao P, Tang BQ, Wu H · 2020
Researchers investigated the effect of 2.6-5 MHz RF-EMF at below 0.1 mT on growth and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth increased 43.5% at 30 hours but decreased 20.7% at 89 hours. Cell viability improved 70.1% at 8 hours and reduced 33.5% at 28 hours. Superoxide accumulation increased with radiation time, which may explain the inhibition of viability and growth.
Hernández-Morales M, Shang T, Chen J, Han V, Liu C · 2020
The study used the FeRIC system to uncover how RF waves activate ferritin-tagged ion channels. In cells with TRPVFeRIC channels, RF increased the labile iron pool in a ferritin-dependent way. The released iron produced reactive oxygen species and oxidized lipids that activated the channels. The pathway suggests RF could similarly activate other lipid-sensitive TRP channels.
Choi J, Min K, Jeon S, Kim N, Pack JK, Song K · 2020
Researchers exposed multiple human cell types, including adipose-derived stem cells, liver cancer stem cells, HeLa, SH-SY5Y, and IMR-90 fibroblasts, to 1.7 GHz LTE RF-EMF continuously for 72 hours at 1 and 2 SAR. Cell proliferation decreased in all cell types, with a stronger effect at 2 SAR than at 1 SAR and a milder effect in adipose-derived stem cells. Exposure did not cause DNA double-strand breaks or apoptosis but caused a slight G1-to-S cell-cycle delay, and senescence appeared in ASCs and Huh7 cells at 2 SAR, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS that mediated the anti-proliferative effect.
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers randomly divided 120 Wistar rats into ten groups of 12 and exposed them to RF-EMF, 10 cGy x-rays, 8 Gy x-rays, combinations of these, or sham exposure. They measured liver enzymes in serum, as well as histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers including MDA, nitric oxide, antioxidant power, total thiols, and PCO. Gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated with irradiation, but aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed some association. MDA and PCO levels increased after 8 Gy irradiation, but pre-exposure to RF-EMF modulated these changes, and lobular inflammation frequency was associated with the intervention type.
Vanbergen AJ et al. · 2019
The authors assessed whether artificial light at night and radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from wireless technologies and power lines threaten pollinators. They found that knowledge of the risk is inconclusive, unresolved, or only partly established because of a lack of high-quality studies. Some studies show artificial light at night can alter pollinator communities, pollination, and fruit set. Laboratory experiments show honey bees and other invertebrates can detect electromagnetic radiation, but do not show it affects insect behavior in ecosystems. Robust evidence of radiofrequency radiation impacts on pollinator abundance or diversity is limited to a single study with mixed results.
Meo et al · 2019
Human exposure to radio-frequency radiation has grown more than 100,000-fold since World War II. In 2011, IARC classified RFR as a possible human carcinogen. Three large-scale rodent studies found significantly increased rates of Schwannomas, malignant gliomas, and chromosomal DNA damage from RFR exposures mimicking lifetime human exposures. Compared with an adult male, a cell phone held against a child's head exposes deeper brain structures to greater radiation doses per unit volume, and the child's skull bone marrow absorbs a roughly 10-fold higher local dose. Recent reports suggest that men who keep cell phones in their trouser pockets have significantly lower sperm counts and significantly impaired sperm motility and morphology, including mitochondrial DNA damage.
Wall et al · 2019
Researchers measured RF EMF exposure from cell phones on four major US networks under strong and weak signal conditions at distances up to 48 cm. Exposures were up to four orders of magnitude higher under weak signal conditions than under strong signal conditions. Under weak signal conditions, power density reductions of up to 90% occurred at 16 cm compared to the 4 cm near-ear exposure. Bluetooth headset exposures were 10 to 400 times lower than direct near-ear exposures from the connected phones.
Panagopoulos (2019) Comparing DNA damage induced by mobile telephony and other types of man-made electromagnetic fields. Mutation Res. http://bit.ly/2HACI1O Halgamuge et al et al. · 2019
Researchers analyzed data from 300 peer-reviewed publications (1990-2015) covering 1127 experimental observations in cell-based in vitro models. In human cell experiments, 45.3% showed changes while 54.7% showed no changes (p = 0.001). Further analysis revealed that significant effects were restricted to faster-growing, less differentiated cell types such as human spermatozoa and human epithelial cells, while mature differentiated cells like glia, glioblastoma, and blood lymphocytes showed no statistically significant differences.
Nielsen et al · 2019
Mortazavi et al · 2019
Researchers studied the bioconjugation efficiency of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles with diameters of 20–40 nm that were functionalized by plasma for virus detection applications. The nanoparticles were functionalized with amino groups using radio frequency wave-excited inductively-coupled argon and ammonia gas plasmas, with amino group population varied by changing plasma operating conditions. Bioconjugation efficiency was tested using a biotin–avidin system where amino-modified nanoparticles were immobilized with biotin and then analyzed for avidin interaction using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The plasma-functionalized nanoparticles showed highly efficient bioconjugation properties. The results suggest feasibility for a highly sensitive virus capturing system.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed honey bee queen larvae to radiation from a common mobile phone device (GSM band at 900 MHz) during all stages of pre-adult development including pupation. After 14 days of exposure, hatching of adult queens was assessed and mating success after a further 11 days. Mobile phone radiation significantly reduced the hatching ratio but not the mating success. When treated queens successfully mated, colony development was not adversely affected.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed mice to pulsed LTE 1846 MHz downlink signals from gestation day 13.5 to postnatal day 21 at SARs of 0.5 or 1 W/kg. Behavioral tracking measured locomotor, drinking, and feeding behavior in the home cage from 12 to 28 weeks of age. Exposure at 0.5 W/kg significantly decreased drinking frequency and distance moved compared to sham controls. Exposure at 1 W/kg significantly increased drinking frequency and moving duration compared to sham controls.
Kim JH, Huh YH, Kim HR · 2019
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 835 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 hours daily over 12 weeks. The number and size of synaptic vesicles in hypothalamic presynaptic terminals were significantly decreased. The density of docking and fusing synaptic vesicles in active zones was also significantly decreased. Expression levels of synapsin I/II, synaptotagmin 1, and calcium channels were significantly decreased in the hypothalamus. Tests of core body temperature, body weight, and buried pellet test revealed no significant phenotypical changes.
Mildažienė V et al. · 2019
Cold plasma for 7 minutes and electromagnetic field for 15 minutes caused 19–24% faster germination in vitro and resulted in higher leaf weight for the electromagnetic field treatment. In substrate, vacuum and 15-minute electromagnetic field accelerated germination by 9% and 17% respectively. Vacuum decreased zeatin by 39%, cold plasma increased gibberellin content, and electromagnetic field reduced abscisic acid by 55–60%. Short exposures to electromagnetic field or cold plasma induced similar long-term changes in leaf protein expression, mainly stimulating photosynthetic proteins.
Del Re B, Bersani F, Giorgi G · 2019
Researchers aimed to determine whether radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure could affect repetitive DNA transcription. Three human cell lines (HeLa, BE(2)C, SH-SY5Y) were exposed to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMF at 1 W/kg or sham. After exposure, mRNA levels of repetitive DNA were measured by quantitative real-time PCR for Long Interspersed nucleotide Element 1, DNA alpha satellite, and Human Endogenous Retroviruses-like sequences. Exposure effects on transcription differed across the three cell lines, indicating effects depend on cellular context and tissue type.
