Buchner K, Eger H. · 2011
Researchers followed 60 participants for one and a half years after a new GSM base station was installed in Rimbach, Bavaria. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels increased significantly during the first six months, while dopamine levels decreased substantially. Phenylethylamine levels dropped significantly over the study period, and initial neurotransmitter levels were not restored after one and a half years. The effects showed a dose-response relationship and occurred well below current limits for technical RF radiation exposures.
Jorge-Mora T et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus using c-Fos protein expression as a marker of cellular activation. Rats were exposed once or repeatedly (ten times in two weeks) to 2.45 GHz radiation at power intensities of 3 and 12 W in a GTEM cell, with SAR determined by Finite Difference Time Domain calculation. High SAR increased c-Fos expression at 90 minutes and 24 hours post-exposure, low SAR increased c-Fos counts at 24 hours, and repeated 3 W exposure increased PVN activation by more than 100% compared to acute exposure and non-radiated controls.
Hareuveny R, Eliyahu I, Luria R, Meiran N, Margaliot M. · 2011
Researchers tested 29 right-handed men with phones on both sides of the head during a spatial working memory task. External antennas were used to prevent RF radiation from the phones' internal antennas. Despite drastically reduced RF exposure, results were similar to earlier studies where phones emitted RF radiation. The authors conclude that some effects previously linked to RF radiation may come from other factors.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2011
Researchers pooled two case-control studies of living patients and one case-control study of deceased patients with malignant brain tumours diagnosed from 1997 to 2003. They interviewed cases, controls, and relatives of deceased subjects using a structured questionnaire. Replies were obtained for 1,251 cases and 2,438 controls. The risk of glioma increased with latency period and cumulative hours of mobile and cordless phone use. For astrocytoma, the most common glioma, the odds ratio was 2.7 for mobile phone use with more than ten years latency and 4.9 for first mobile phone use before age 20.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Eriksson M. · 2011
Hansson B, Thors B, Törnevik C. · 2011
Researchers analyzed how antenna element loading affects localized specific absorption rate for base station antennas. They found that lossy material within one wavelength of antennas affects SAR accuracy due to coupling and power redistribution. The existing standardized phantom was found not optimal for SAR measurements of large base station antennas. A new methodology using a larger box-shaped whole-body phantom was proposed.
Gutschi T et al. · 2011
Researchers examined 2110 men attending an infertility clinic from 1993 to October 2007 and divided them into cell phone users and non-users. Cell phone users had a significantly higher percentage of pathological sperm morphology (68.0%) compared to non-users (58.1%). Cell phone users also showed significantly higher testosterone and lower luteinizing hormone levels, while follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin levels did not differ significantly.
Gasmelseed A. · 2011
They used a plane multilayered method at wireless frequencies of 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz. The study calculated specific absorption rate in three different eye models. Results confirmed a complex relationship between absorption and structural variations of the eye at these frequencies.
Ding S, Peng H, Fang HS, Zhou JL, Wang Z. · 2011
Seventy-two male adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups, with the PEMF group receiving LPS and methylprednisolone injections followed by 4 hours per day of PEMF stimulation for 1 to 8 weeks. The incidence of osteonecrosis was 29% in the PEMF group versus 75% in the methylprednisolone group, and no osteonecrosis occurred in the saline control group. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the PEMF and control groups than in the methylprednisolone group, and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression increased after PEMF treatment.
Deltour I et al. · 2011
Researchers analyzed the three-dimensional SAR distribution in phantom models to detect clusters of phones, summarizing each phone by a half-ellipsoid above half the maximum SAR and using Partitioning Around Medoids with ellipsoid overlap and Manhattan distance. Weak clustering was found for handset shape (bar phone, flip with top and flip with central antennas) but only in specific positions (tilt or cheek) within the 800 MHz band and partly in 900 and 1800 MHz bands. On 120 phones, the three-dimensional SAR distribution did not appear related to external phone characteristics or measurement characteristics that could refine exposure assessment in epidemiological studies such as Interphone.
Costa FP et al. · 2011
A single-group, open-label, phase I/II study assessed the safety and effectiveness of intrabuccal amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields at HCC-specific frequencies in 41 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and limited therapeutic options. Patients received three daily 60-minute outpatient treatments until disease progression or death. Treatment was well tolerated with no NCI grade 2, 3, or 4 toxicities. Fourteen patients (34.1%) had stable disease for more than 6 months, median progression-free survival was 4.4 months (95% CI 2.1–5.3), median overall survival was 6.7 months (95% CI 3.0–10.2), and there were three partial and one near complete responses.
Cammaerts MC, Debeir O, Cammaerts R. · 2011
Researchers examined Paramecium caudatum under normal conditions and near a switched-on GSM telephone operating at 900 MHz and 2 Watts. Exposed individuals moved more slowly and more sinuously than unexposed ones. Their physiology was affected: they became broader, their cytopharynx appeared broader, pulse vesicles had difficulty expelling content, cilia moved less efficiently, and trichocysts became more visible.
Baliatsas C et al. · 2011
Actual distances to base stations and powerlines were calculated using geo-coding, while perceived proximity and psychological factors were self-reported. Higher self-reported environmental sensitivity most strongly predicted non-specific physical symptoms, while perceived proximity to base stations, lower perceived control, and avoidance behavior were also associated; actual distance showed no significant association.
Aydin D et al. · 2011
Researchers performed simulations using real data from the CEFALO case–control study to assess how recall errors and selection bias affect odds ratios for mobile phone use and brain tumor risk in children and adolescents. In a validation study, cases overestimated their number of calls by 9% on average and controls by 34%, while cases overestimated call duration by 52% and controls by 163%. Participation rates were 83% for cases and 71% for controls, and the combined impact of recall error and selection bias on estimated odds ratios was complex across various scenarios.
Aydin D et al. · 2011
Researchers used data from the CEFALO case-control study to compare self-reported mobile phone use with operator-recorded data. The aim was to assess predictors of mobile phone use level and factors associated with overestimation. Participants overestimated cumulative call number, duration, and time since first subscription on average. Overestimation likelihood did not differ significantly between cases and controls. Overestimation was associated with age and sex, which act as confounders in studies relying on self-reported use.
Chaturvedi CM et al. · 2011
Türker Y et al. · 2011
Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups, with three groups receiving 2.45-GHz radiation for 60 minutes per day over 28 days. Radiation exposure increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamins A, C, and E in heart tissue.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2011
Researchers examined the relationship between iron status, EMF exposure, and brain oxidative stress in young adult rats. They exposed rats to iron overload, 150 kHz EMF, or both, and measured lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. Iron overload alone stimulated antioxidant defenses in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex but did not cause oxidative stress. EMF exposure alone increased lipid peroxidation mainly in the cerebellum without affecting antioxidant defenses. Combined exposure further increased lipid peroxidation compared to EMF alone and abolished the antioxidant defense increase from iron overload alone.
Garaj-Vrhovac V et al. · 2011
The study examined workers occupationally exposed to pulsed microwave radiation from marine radars. Comet assay parameters (mean tail intensity 0.67 vs 1.22, moment 0.08 vs 0.16) and micronucleus test parameters showed statistically significant differences between exposed and unexposed groups. Glutathione concentration was significantly lower in exposed workers (1.24 vs 0.53) while malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher (1.74 vs 3.17), indicating oxidative stress. Electromagnetic field strength was measured at marine radar frequencies of 3 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 9.4 GHz with specific absorption rate values determined.
Hajnorouzi A et al. · 2011
The researchers hypothesized that an appropriate combination of a geomagnetic field as a static field and an alternative magnetic field may promote maize seedling growth by alleviating excess reactive oxygen species production. The seeds were germinated in the magnetic field for 4 days and then allowed to grow in a nutrient solution for another 4 days. Magnetic field-treated seedlings grew faster, had lower superoxide dismutase activity, and higher total antioxidant capacity than controls. The maintenance of membrane integrity and a decrease of iron content in treated seedlings suggest that the combined static and alternative magnetic fields promote growth by lowering iron absorption, reducing Fenton chemistry, and lowering oxidative burst risk.
Panda NK, Modi R, Munjal S, Virk RS. · 2011
The study included one hundred twenty-five long-term mobile phone users (63 GSM and 62 CDMA) and 58 controls who never used mobile phones. Participants underwent audiological tests including pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, DPOAE, ABR, and MLR. GSM and CDMA users had a significantly higher risk of absent DPOAE compared with controls (P < .05). They also had higher speech frequency thresholds and lower MLR wave and Na and Pa amplitudes. More than 3 years of mobile phone use emerged as a risk factor (P < .05), and the damage was bilateral with the same quantum for both GSM and CDMA.
Kaprana AE et al. · 2011
Thirty healthy rabbits were exposed to GSM-900 radiation for 60 minutes while auditory brainstem responses were recorded at regular intervals. The mean absolute latency of waves III–V showed a statistically significant delay after 60, 45, and 15 minutes of exposure, respectively. Interwave latencies I–V and III–V were significantly delayed after 30 minutes of radiation. No significant delay was found in the ear contralateral to the radiation source at 60 minutes. ABR measurements returned to baseline 24 hours after exposure.
Saygin M, Caliskan S, Karahan N, Koyu A, Gumral N, Uguz A · 2011
Researchers used twelve-week-old male Wistar Albino rats divided into cage control, sham control, and 2.45 GHz EMR groups, with the exposure group receiving 3.21 W/kg for 60 minutes daily over 28 days. The exposed rats showed a significant reduction in Leydig cell numbers compared to cage controls. Spermatogenesis scores differed significantly between groups, and Bax gene and Caspase-8 enzyme levels showed significant changes.
Sannino A et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes in G0, G1, or S-phase to 900 MHz RF at 1.25 W/kg for 20 hours, then treated them with mitomycin C. The incidence of micronuclei was evaluated to determine adaptive response. Cells exposed in S-phase showed an adaptive response, while those exposed in G0 or G1 did not.
Prochnow N et al. · 2011
Researchers applied UMTS radio-frequency signals to male Wistar rats at whole-brain SAR levels of 0, 2, and 10 W/kg for 120 minutes. They measured stress hormones corticosterone and ACTH and recorded hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Cage exposure increased corticosterone and ACTH levels and was associated with generally decreased LTP and LTD. At 2 W/kg the rats showed no difference from sham in LTP and LTD, while at 10 W/kg a significant reduction in both was observed.
