Unknown authors · 2010
The review describes the blood-brain barrier as endothelial cells with tight junctions, pericytes, and extracellular matrix that maintains a stable environment for synaptic transmission. Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields that raise brain temperature by more than 1°C can reversibly increase barrier permeability for macromolecules. The balance of experimental evidence does not support an effect of non-thermal radiofrequency fields at microwave and mobile phone frequencies on barrier permeability. Evidence for effects from magnetic resonance imaging fields is conflicting and limited by confounders and simultaneous exposure to different field types. Research on low-frequency fields and human studies is sparse or virtually absent, preventing conclusions.
Unknown authors · 2010
Long-term mobile phone users had higher incidence of brain tumors, parotid gland tumors, and seminoma, with odds ratios from 1.3 to 6.1 for ipsilateral use. Current safety limits are based only on thermal mechanisms, but experimental data show metabolic changes from non-thermal exposure. Reproducible non-thermal effects include reactive oxygen species overproduction, heat shock protein expression, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers are recruiting 250,000 men and women aged 18 years or older in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and UK. Participants will be followed up for 25+ years. Mobile telephone use is collected prospectively through questionnaires and objective traffic data from network operators. Associations with disease risks will be studied by linking cohort members to existing disease registries. Changes in symptoms such as headache and sleep quality and of general well-being are assessed by baseline and follow-up questionnaires.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Power-frequency EMFs have been present since the late 19th century with considerable knowledge accumulated, and the mainstream scientific view is that any risk is unlikely to be of major public-health significance. The principal governance issue for power frequencies is responding to weak uncertain evidence causing public concern, while for radio frequencies it is responding to large potential consequences and public concern with limited evidence. Risk management for power frequencies has evolved with many successful features, and its lessons can benefit radio-frequency EMF governance and other emerging technologies.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 cells to single 837 MHz or combined 837 and 1950 MHz RF radiation at 4 W/kg for 1 hour. They assessed DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle distribution, and levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins including p53, p21, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Neither single nor combined RF radiation exposure altered DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution, or regulatory protein levels, unlike ionizing radiation which caused changes.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
The authors' investigation shows that the precautionary principle is not being used for its intended purpose in relation to EMF exposure. Scientists from the World Health Organization and the European Commission do not consider the precautionary principle when reporting on health risks. Their approach is to require research findings to be scientifically established before amending exposure limits, and uncertain risk indications are ignored or played down. The authors state that this approach conflicts with EU law, which requires correct presentation of scientific uncertainty. A thorough examination of research shows many serious indications of possible health risks from exposure far below existing limits, and case law indicates the precautionary principle can be applied on weaker evidence.
Unknown authors · 2010
The review noted that most studies have only considered effects on sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. It identified physical agents like radiation and heat, chemical agents like cigarette smoke and pollutants, and biological factors like infections and age as important for sperm DNA damage. The review also highlighted uncertainty about the best laboratory tests for DNA damage and a lack of evidence for therapeutic measures.
Divan H et al et al. · 2010
Researchers analysed a new dataset of DNBC children to see if a larger, separate group would produce similar results after considering additional confounders. The highest odds ratio for behavioural problems was found in children with both prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure compared to those unexposed, with an adjusted effect estimate of 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.7). The findings replicated the previous publication, showing that cell phone use was associated with behavioural problems at age 7 years, and this association was not limited to early users of the technology. Although weaker in the new dataset, the associations remained even with further control for an extended set of potential confounders.
Unknown authors · 2010
The study is a re-analysis of risk for glioma in relation to mobile telephone use. The study compares its results with the Interphone international case-control study.
Yildirim MS, Yildirim A, Zamani AG, Okudan N. · 2010
The study evaluated the effects of mobile phone base stations on micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations in blood cells of people living near base stations and healthy controls. Micronucleus frequency was 8.96 +/- 3.51 in the study group and 6.97 +/- 1.52 in controls (p: 0.16). Chromosomal aberrations were 0.36 +/- 0.31 in the study group and 0.75 +/- 0.61 in controls (p: 0.07). There was no significant difference in either measure between the two groups. The authors concluded that cellular phones and their base stations do not produce important carcinogenic changes.
Takahashi S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2.14 GHz electromagnetic fields for 20 hours per day during gestation and lactation at low and high specific absorption rates. No abnormal findings were observed in the dams, the F1 generation, or the F2 offspring across multiple parameters including growth, organ weights, survival, development, hormonal status, memory function, reproductive ability, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity. The authors concluded that under their experimental conditions, whole-body exposure to 2.14 GHz for 20 hours per day during gestation and lactation did not cause any adverse effects on pregnancy or the development of rats.
Sekijima M et al. · 2010
The study examined cell proliferation and gene expression in three human cell lines after exposure to 2.1425 GHz continuous wave and W-CDMA modulated radiofrequency fields. Cells were exposed at specific absorption rates of 80, 250, or 800 mW/kg for up to 96 hours. No significant differences in cell growth or viability were found between exposed groups and sham controls, and less than 1% of genes showed altered expression.
Sambucci M et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to WiFi signals for 2 hours daily over 14 consecutive days starting 5 days after mating. No effects were found on mating success, number of newborns per mother, or body weight at birth. Offspring showed no differences in spleen cell number, B-cell frequency, or antibody serum levels. B cells from all groups produced comparable IgM and IgG and proliferated similarly when challenged with LPS in vitro. These findings were consistent in both female and male offspring at juvenile and adult ages.
Röösli M, Frei P, Mohler E, Hug K · 2010
The systematic review included 5 randomized human laboratory trials and 12 epidemiological studies. Most of the papers examined self-reported non-specific symptoms of ill-health. Most randomized trials did not detect an association between MPBS radiation and acute symptom development, and sporadic associations lacked a consistent pattern. The authors concluded that evidence for no acute effect up to 10 volts per metre is strong, but data are insufficient for long-term low-level exposure.
Redmayne M, Inyang I, Dimitriadis C, Benke G, Abramson MJ · 2010
The MoRPhEUS study included cordless phone access and use among 317 Year 7 students recruited from Melbourne, Australia. Researchers found a statistically significant positive relationship between cordless and mobile phone use (r = 0.38, p < 0.01). 87% of participants had a cordless phone at home and 77% owned a mobile phone.
Parazzini M et al. · 2010
Researchers investigated the potential effects of UMTS exposure at a high specific absorption rate on the human auditory system in 73 healthy young adults. Participants received a 20-minute UMTS exposure at 1947 MHz with a maximum SAR of 1.75 W/kg in a double-blind comparison of genuine and sham exposure. No consistent pattern of effects was found on hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory evoked potentials. The study concluded that short-term UMTS exposure at this SAR does not cause measurable immediate effects on the human auditory system.
Lu ST et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed four adult male Rhesus monkeys to a 2.8 GHz pulsed microwave signal at 13.0 mW/cm(2) spatial and temporal average power density. The exposure raised eyelid temperature by 1.0-1.2 degrees C. Experiment I consisted of nine 4-hour exposures over three weeks.
Lee HJ et al. · 2010
Male rats were exposed to 848.5 MHz RF for 12 weeks. The exposure schedule consisted of two 45-min RF exposure periods separated by a 15-min interval. The whole-body average SAR was 2.0 W/kg. Researchers measured sperm counts, malondialdehyde concentrations, spermatogenesis stage frequency, germ cell counts, apoptotic cells, and performed immunoblotting for p53, bcl-2, caspase 3, p21, and PARP. The study concluded that subchronic exposure did not have observable adverse effects on rat spermatogenesis.
Kowalczuk C et al. · 2010
Researchers used a doubly resonant cavity to test whether biological samples generate a second harmonic when exposed to continuous wave RF fields at 883 MHz. They tested over 500 samples including human and mouse cell suspensions, adherent cell lines, and mouse tissue slices, both viable and non-viable. Input powers were 0.1 or 1 mW, and the system could detect second harmonic signals above a noise floor of -169 dBm. No consistent second harmonic was detected, so the results do not support the hypothesis that living cells can demodulate RF energy.
Kim KB et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 human breast cancer cells to 849 MHz RF radiation for one hour per day over three consecutive days at SARs of 2 or 10 W/kg. Protein expression profiles were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and showed no significant or reproducible changes after exposure. Follow-up analysis of three non-reproducible protein spots using mass spectrometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot confirmed no alterations in mRNA or protein levels.
The INTERPHONE Study Group. · 2010
An interview-based case-control study with 2708 glioma and 2409 meningioma cases and matched controls was conducted in 13 countries using a common protocol. Ever regular mobile phone use was associated with reduced odds ratios for glioma (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.94) and meningioma (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.91), possibly reflecting participation bias. No elevated odds ratio was observed 10 or more years after first phone use for either tumor type. In the highest decile of recalled cumulative call time (≥1640 hours), the odds ratio for glioma was 1.40 (95% CI 1.03-1.89) and for meningioma was 1.15 (95% CI 0.81-1.62), but the authors noted implausible values of reported use in this group.
Inskip PD, Hoover RN, Devesa SS. · 2010
Researchers examined temporal trends in brain cancer incidence rates in the United States using SEER program data from 1992 to 2006. Trends were downward or flat for all age groups except 20- to 29-year-olds, where females showed a statistically significant increase. The increase in young women was driven by frontal lobe cancers, while cancers in brain regions more exposed to phone radiation did not increase. The authors concluded that the incidence data do not support the view that cellular phone use causes brain cancer.
