Zareen N, Khan MY, Minhas LA. · 2009
Researchers exposed developing chick embryos to different doses of mobile phone induced EMFs by placing a mobile phone in the incubator in silent ringing mode. After 10 or 15 days of incubation, they compared developmental milestones of surviving embryos with a non-exposed subgroup. EMF exposure significantly decreased embryo survivability. Lower EMF doses caused growth retardation, while increasing doses shifted the effect to partial and then definite growth enhancement.
Wake K et al. · 2009
Compliance testing data are measured only on the surface near the device and in a small 3D region around the maximum on a homogeneous phantom. Validation confirmed the method provided good estimation of 3D SAR distribution in the head, especially in the brain. The method has been used in several studies in the INTERPHONE.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
The study aimed to quantify selection bias from nonparticipation in a multinational case-control study of mobile phone use and brain tumor. Regular mobile phone use was reported less often by nonparticipants who completed the non-response questionnaire than by participants who completed the full interview. Bias factors ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating roughly a 10% downward bias in odds ratios.
Sirav B, Seyhan N · 2009
The aim of the study was to evaluate RF electromagnetic radiation levels at a site in Ankara hosting 64 TV and radio towers and one mobile base station. The site is near a residential community. Based on technical data from 31 transmitters, the calculated radiation level was approximately four times higher than Turkish permitted standards, which are the same as ICNIRP standards. The authors state that electromagnetic field measurement is needed at the site.
Schüz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. · 2009
Researchers conducted a large nationwide cohort study of mobile phone subscribers whose first subscription was between 1982 and 1995 and followed them through 2003 for central nervous system hospital contacts. Standardized hospitalization ratios were calculated by comparing observed hospital contacts in the cohort to expected numbers in the Danish population. The ratios were increased by 10-20% for migraine and vertigo, showed no association for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy in women, and were decreased by 30-40% for dementia, Parkinson disease, and epilepsy among men.
Myung SK et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk using a meta-analysis of 23 case-control studies involving 37,916 participants. The overall odds ratio for mobile phone use compared with never or rare use was 0.98 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.07), indicating no significant association. Studies using blinding showed a significant positive association, while those without blinding showed a significant negative association. Mobile phone use for 10 years or longer was associated with an increased risk of tumors (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). The authors concluded there is possible evidence linking mobile phone use to increased tumor risk from low-biased case-control studies and called for prospective cohort studies.
Mousavy SJ et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effect of mobile phone RF (910 MHz and 940 MHz) on the structure and function of HbA. Oxygen affinity was measured using sodium dithionite with a UV-vis spectrophotometer, and structural changes were studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that mobile phone EMFs altered oxygen affinity and tertiary structure of HbA. Furthermore, the decrease of oxygen affinity of HbA corresponded to the EMFs intensity and time of exposure.
Lu L, Xu H, Wang X, Guo G. · 2009
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to electromagnetic pulses and assessed blood-retinal barrier permeability at 2 and 24 hours. Exposure increased barrier permeability and decreased occludin expression most at 24 hours. The permeability increase correlated with higher nitric oxide formation and nitric oxide synthase activity. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked the barrier breakdown and prevented the changes in nitric oxide, synthase activity, and occludin.
Landgrebe M, Frick U, Hauser S, Hajak G, Langguth B. · 2009
The study used a case-control design with 89 electromagnetic hypersensitive patients and 107 matched controls to assess tinnitus occurrence and severity by questionnaires. Tinnitus was significantly more frequent in the electromagnetic hypersensitive group (50.72% vs. 17.5%) while tinnitus duration and severity did not differ between groups. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity and tinnitus were independent risk factors for sleep disturbances, but measures of individual EMF exposure like cell phone use did not show any association with tinnitus.
Kühn S, Jennings W, Christ A, Kuster N. · 2009
Researchers investigated absorption characteristics for anatomies ranging from a 6-year-old child to a large adult male using numerical modeling. They addressed exposure to plane waves incident from all six major sides of the human models with two orthogonal polarizations each. Worst-case scattered field exposure scenarios were constructed to test the implemented procedures of current in situ compliance measurement standards. The findings suggest that the reference levels of current electromagnetic safety guidelines and some measurement standards are not consistent with the basic restrictions and need to be revised.
Kristiansen IS et al. · 2009
Researchers used data from a 2006 telephone survey of 1004 people aged 15 years and older in Denmark to explore the prevalence, nature, and determinants of concerns about mobile phone radiation. Twenty-eight percent of respondents were concerned about mobile phone radiation, 15% about radiation from masts, and 82% about pollution. Nearly half considered the mortality risk of 3G phones and masts similar to being struck by lightning, while 7% thought it equivalent to tobacco-induced lung cancer. Among women, concerns were positively associated with education, perceived mortality risk, and concerns about unknown consequences of new technologies, and more than two-thirds felt they had received inadequate public information about the 3G system.
Johansson O. · 2009
The review summarized multiple papers on the effects of man-made electromagnetic fields on the immune system. It found that electromagnetic fields disturb immune function by stimulating allergic and inflammatory responses and affecting tissue repair. The review stated that such disturbances increase the risk of diseases including cancer. The authors reported that these effects occur at exposure levels significantly below current national and international safety limits.
Joseph W, Verloock L, Tanghe E, Martens L. · 2009
Researchers categorized exposure locations by environment, population density, and mobile phone traffic, selected five sites, and collected 352,800 electric field time samples over time. They defined factor X as the ratio of actual maximal temporal measurements to estimated maximal values from short-period data, and factor R as the ratio of median to maximal momentary field measurements indicating signal variation over time. Median values of R were 0.92 for FM, 0.66 for GSM, and 0.71 for UMTS. Using an optimal method for X, median values were 1.05 for FM, 0.47 for GSM, and 0.96 for UMTS. Combining X and R allows estimation of actual maximal and median exposure during longer periods from short-period measurements.
Hu J, Lu Y, Zhang H, Xie H, Yang X. · 2009
Researchers randomly selected 18 residential districts with base stations and 10 without, using a TES-92 monitor to measure microwave radiation indoors and outdoors. Radiation levels were higher in districts with base stations than in control districts. Radiation peaked at about 10 meters from the station and decreased with distance. Aluminum alloy security nets reduced indoor radiation, while glass windows did not. All ground-level measurements around base stations were below the primary standard, but some windows facing the station had higher levels, and a few exceeded the primary safe level.
Hartikka H et al. · 2009
Researchers performed a case-case analysis of 99 gliomas using logistic regression, defining the tumor midpoint from radiological imaging. Exposed cases were those with the tumor midpoint within 4.6 cm from the line between the mouth and the external meatus of the ear, representing the most likely phone location. A slightly higher proportion of gliomas among mobile phone users than non-users occurred within 4.6 cm from the presumed phone location (28% vs 14%), with modestly elevated odds ratios for several use indicators but no exposure gradient.
Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2009
Researchers conducted two case-control studies from 1997 to 2003 assessing mobile and cordless phone use in relation to brain tumors. They analyzed 905 malignant brain tumor cases, 1,254 benign cases, and 2,162 population-based controls. Ipsilateral mobile phone use for over 10 years showed an odds ratio of 3.3 for astrocytoma, while cordless phone use showed an odds ratio of 5.0. For acoustic neuroma, ipsilateral mobile phone use with >10 year latency had an odds ratio of 3.0, and cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.3. The annual age-adjusted incidence of astrocytoma increased significantly by 2.16% from 2000 to 2007 in Sweden.
Han YY, Kano H, Davis DL, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. · 2009
The authors conducted a PubMed search and reviewed 10 case-control studies, one cohort study, and a meta-analysis on cell phone use and acoustic neuroma risk. Most studies did not find an association between cell phone use and acoustic neuroma, but some studies with 10 years or more of follow-up showed an association. The meta-analysis of three case-control studies found a 2.4-fold greater risk of ipsilateral acoustic neuroma for those who used cell phones for at least 10 years.
Hagiwara S, Iwasaka H, Takeshima N, Noguchi T. · 2009
Sciatic nerves were treated with PRF at 37 degrees and 42 degrees, which inhibited hyperalgesia in the inflammatory groups when compared to RF and sham treatment. This effect was attenuated after intrathecal administration of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, the selective 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist MDL72222, and the non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide. All three drugs were found to significantly inhibit the analgesic effect of PRF. The results suggest that the analgesic action of PRF involves the enhancement of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain inhibitory pathways.
Gul A, Celebi H, Uğraş S. · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to mobile phones during pregnancy and examined ovarian follicles in their female offspring at 21 days old. The study group had fewer ovarian follicles than the control group. The authors suggest that intrauterine microwave exposure has toxic effects on ovaries.
Dahmen N, Ghezel-Ahmadi D, Engel A. · 2009
Results showed laboratory signs of thyroid dysfunction, liver dysfunction, and chronic inflammatory processes in some EHS patients, with significant differences in TSH and ALT/AST between groups. The hypotheses that anemia or kidney dysfunction play a major role in EHS were refuted.
Chauvin S et al. · 2009
Researchers used exposimeters to record individual exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for 23 technical operations personnel and 22 other workers. Exposure densities were quantified using 229 exposure indicators for each of the 45 subjects. Cluster analysis did not reliably separate the two groups, although some exposure indicators differed significantly between them. A learning group method also failed to discover a predictive law to identify technical operational personnel as a subgroup.
Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded γ-ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation induced by γ-ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and γ-ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers studied thirty-six infant male New Zealand rabbits divided into four groups with different exposure regimens. Group 2 received extrauterine exposure for 15 minutes daily over 14 days, Group 3 received intrauterine exposure for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, and Group 4 received both exposures. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured across frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. Extrauterine exposure alone decreased emission amplitudes at 4.0 and 6.0 kHz compared with controls. Combined intrauterine and extrauterine exposure increased amplitudes at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.0 kHz relative to controls and the extrauterine group.
Budak GG et al. · 2009
Researchers studied 18 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits, randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant and nine non-pregnant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, while the remaining rabbits were not exposed. Cochlear function was measured using distortion product otoacoustic emissions at frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. In pregnant rabbits, DPOAE amplitudes did not differ between exposed and unexposed groups except at 2.0 kHz. In non-pregnant rabbits, exposed animals showed lower DPOAE amplitudes at 1.0 to 4.0 kHz compared to unexposed animals.
