Xia P, Zheng Y, Dong L, Tian C · 2021
Researchers investigated the effect of sinusoidal ELF-EMF on HeLa, ES-2, and DU-145 cancer cells. The exposure used a 50 Hz field at 1.3 mT for 15 and 30 minutes. ELF-EMF treatment raised reactive oxygen species levels in the cells. ES-2 cells showed upregulation of XRCC5 and increased TNF-α, RAD51, APE1, XRCC1, and NSUN2, while DU-145 cells had decreased BCL-2, HSP90, RAD51, and TNF-α and increased VIM and METTL3.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and normal fibroblasts (Hu02) to discontinuous magnetic flux densities of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 millitesla for 18 hours. Cell viability was measured with an MTT assay and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Tumor cell viability decreased while normal cell viability increased, and NOTCH1 was down-regulated in tumor cells and up-regulated in normal cells at all flux densities. The expression changes of NOTCH1 depended on the magnetic flux density.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed T98 and A172 glioblastoma cells to 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic fields combined with temozolomide. The combination enhanced cell death and decreased migration potential in both cell lines. The treatment also increased p53 gene expression, decreased cyclin-D1 protein, and led to MGMT protein expression in T98 cells but not in A172 cells.
Kim JH, Chung KH, Hwang YR, Park HR, Kim HJ, Kim HG, Kim HR · 2021
Researchers exposed pups and dams to whole-body RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 h per day for 4 weeks from postnatal day 1 to P28. Total dendritic spines decreased significantly in the dentate gyrus but not in CA1, while mushroom-type dendritic spines decreased significantly in both CA1 and DG. BDNF expression in CA1 and DG was significantly lower, and PSD95 puncta were significantly decreased at DIV 5, 7, and 9 after RF-EMF exposure. Neurite outgrowth length and branch number decreased significantly without soma size changes, and the memory index showed statistically significant decreases in exposed mice.
Qin F, Cao H, Feng C, Zhu T, Zhu B, Zhang J, Tong J, Pei H · 2021
Researchers exposed four-week-old mice to 1800 MHz RF at 0.50 W/kg SAR in the morning and evening each day for three weeks. They measured pathological changes and functional indices in the testes. RF exposure reduced testicular weight, daily sperm production, and testosterone secretion. Morning exposure was associated with 615 differentially expressed lncRNAs, while evening exposure was associated with 183. Morning RF exposure lncRNAs were correlated with pathways including Fanconi syndrome, metabolic processes, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA replication.
Kim JH et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to 1760 MHz LTE RF-EMF at 4 W/kg SAR for 4 hours per day over 4 days. The exposure significantly reduced cell growth and proliferation and delayed the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. DNA damage and apoptosis were not involved, as γH2AX levels were not markedly altered and the apoptotic pathway was not activated. RF-EMF exposure significantly elevated Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and increased total and phosphorylated p53. Activated p53 increased p21 and p27 expression, inhibited CDK2 and CDK4, and reduced phosphorylated retinoblastoma, decreasing proliferation.
Shih et al · 2020
This case-control study included 894 healthy controls and 211 breast cancer patients. Smartphone addiction was associated with a 1.43-fold higher risk of breast cancer, and using a smartphone for more than 4.5 minutes before bedtime was associated with a 5.27-fold higher risk compared to using it for 4.5 minutes or less. A closer distance between the smartphone and the breasts was associated with a 1.59-fold higher risk, and carrying the smartphone near the chest or waist-abdomen was associated with 5.03-fold and 4.06-fold higher risks, respectively, compared to carrying it below the waist.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed AGS cells to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at different flux densities for 18 hours, both continuously and discontinuously. They used real-time PCR to measure changes in c-Myc and circ-CCDC66 expression. Discontinuous magnetic fields reduced c-Myc expression. Continuous exposure at 0.25 mT also reduced c-Myc expression, but higher flux densities increased it. circ-CCDC66 expression decreased under both continuous and discontinuous exposure.
Ashta A , Motalleb G , Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M · 2020
Researchers investigated the effects of a 10 Hz, 50 G frequency magnetic field, a 50 G static magnetic field, and 200 μm temozolomide on viability, free radical production, and p53 expression in human A172 glioblastoma cells. The combination of temozolomide with both magnetic fields increased cytotoxicity, free radical production, and p53 gene and protein expression.
Li Q, Tian M, Teng J, Gao P, Tang BQ, Wu H · 2020
Researchers investigated the effect of 2.6-5 MHz RF-EMF at below 0.1 mT on growth and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth increased 43.5% at 30 hours but decreased 20.7% at 89 hours. Cell viability improved 70.1% at 8 hours and reduced 33.5% at 28 hours. Superoxide accumulation increased with radiation time, which may explain the inhibition of viability and growth.
Bektas H, Dasdag S, Bektas MS · 2020
Zhang X, Lv M, Zhu X, Tian L, Li J, Shao Y, Gao C, Sun X · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to electromagnetic pulse with or without isoflurane preconditioning and analyzed brain samples for microglia markers and inflammatory mediators. They also used SOCS1 siRNA in cultured microglia cells to test SOCS1's role. Electromagnetic pulse exposure made microglia pro-inflammatory, increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, activated the TLR4 pathway, and caused neuronal death. Isoflurane preconditioning reversed these changes and switched microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Blocking SOCS1 eliminated the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning.
Ahmadi-Zeidabadi, M., Z. · 2019
NTP 2018. NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies in Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD Rats exposed to Whole-body Radio Frequency Radiation at a Frequency (900 MHz) and Modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by Cell Phones. National Toxicology Program et al. · 2018
Belpomme et al · 2018
The review presents strong evidence that excessive exposure to mobile phone frequencies over long periods increases brain cancer risk in humans and animals. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate adverse effects on male and female reproduction, almost certainly due to reactive oxygen species generation. Current standards set by most national and international bodies are not protective of human health.
Unknown authors · 2018
Fan W, Huang Z, Fan B · 2018
Researchers evaluated the antibacterial activity of prolonged exposure to moderate static magnetic field (170 mT) and its synergistic activity with alkaline pH (pH = 9) on Enterococcus faecalis. Biofilm formation was examined by crystal violet assay and gene expression of stress and virulence genes was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was inhibited after 120 hours of SMF exposure alone. The combined SMF and alkaline pH treatment showed significantly improved antimicrobial action compared to single treatments after 24 and 72 hours respectively. Biofilm formation was enhanced under both SMF and alkaline pH treatments, and SMF up-regulated stress gene dnaK and virulence genes efaA and ace while combined exposure up-regulated additional genes groEL, gelE, and fsrC.
Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields have been classified as possibly carcinogenic based on epidemiological findings suggesting a link between childhood leukaemia and 50–60 Hz magnetic fields from power lines. Animal and in vitro experiments have provided only limited support for carcinogenic effects of ELF magnetic fields. The review discusses the radical pair mechanism as a possible biophysical mechanism and proposes a hypothesis for the link between ELF fields and childhood leukaemia.
Hardell L et al · 2018
Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.
Wang P et al · 2018
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of ten studies on wireless phone use and adult glioma risk. The combined odds ratio for ever use of wireless phones was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.92-1.16) with high heterogeneity. No significant association was found for tumor location in the temporal lobe. A significant association was found for long-term users (≥10 years) with odds ratio 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05-1.67).
Vila J et al · 2018
Researchers conducted a multinational population-based case-control study (INTEROCC) with nearly 4000 cases and over 5000 controls to examine occupational RF and IF-EMF exposure in relation to glioma and meningioma risk. Individual cumulative exposure indices for RF and IF-EMF were assigned using a source-exposure matrix and detailed interview data on work with or near EMF sources. About 10% of participants were exposed to RF and 1% to IF-EMF; no clear positive associations were found, though the highest recent RF magnetic field exposure yielded odds ratios of 1.62 for glioma and 1.52 for meningioma, with confidence intervals including 1.
Akimoto T et al. · 2018
An AMF at 280 kHz and 250 Arms for 30 minutes significantly enhanced Compound C cytotoxicity and promoted apoptosis in human GB cell lines. The AMF also increased Compound C-induced cell-cycle arrest at the G2 phase and inhibited cell proliferation. The AMF increased Compound C-induced reactive oxygen species production. The AMF decreased ERK phosphorylation and suppressed protective autophagy induced by Compound C.
Sun L, Chen L, Bai L, Xia Y, Yang X, Jiang W, Sun W. · 2018
Researchers exposed human amnion epithelial (FL) cells to a 50-Hz magnetic field and investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in magnetic-field-induced clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). When cells were pretreated with ROS scavengers NAC or PDTC before exposure, both the ROS-related effects and the EGFR clustering were inhibited. The researchers concluded that ROS mediates magnetic-field-induced EGFR clustering via ASMase activation.
Hajipour Verdom B, Abdolmaleki P, Behmanesh M. · 2018
Researchers investigated the effects of a homogenous static magnetic field (SMF) on doxorubicin-induced toxicity and proliferation rate of cancer cells. SMF alone decreased cell viability and proliferation rate in MCF-7 and HFF cells, similar to doxorubicin alone. The combination of 10 mT SMF and 0.1 µM doxorubicin decreased viability and proliferation of cancer and normal cells in a synergistic manner. The findings suggest that SMF can decrease the required dose of chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin and thereby decrease their side effects.
Errico Provenzano A et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the differentiation process of acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells that were also treated with ATRA. The NB4 cells used were a cell line established from the bone marrow of a patient affected by acute promyelocytic leukemia. ELF-EMF exposure decreased cellular proliferation potential and helped ATRA-treated NB4 cells to mature. The results indicated that ELF-EMF exposure promotes ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of these leukemia cells.
