Unknown authors · 2010
Kroll et al based their analysis on data from Draper et al and used a refined exposure measure based on field calculations. Draper et al reported a significantly elevated odds ratio of 1.69 for persons living within 200 m of power lines compared with those beyond 600 m. Kroll et al found an odds ratio of 2.0 for the highest exposure group (≥0.4 vs <0.1 μT) but the result was not statistically significant. Field calculations were not possible for 25% of addresses near power lines.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers conducted a national case-control study of children born in England and Wales from 1962 to 1995 to examine cancer risk from magnetic fields of high-voltage overhead power lines at the birth address. The estimated relative risk for each 0.2 μT increase was 1.14 for leukaemia, 0.80 for CNS/brain tumours, and 1.34 for other cancers, with confidence intervals that included no effect. The researchers concluded that magnetic-field exposure during the year of birth is unlikely to be the whole cause of the association with distance from overhead power lines that they previously reported.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers pooled primary data from studies published after 2000, including 10 865 cases and 12 853 controls. The main analysis focused on 24-h magnetic field measurements or calculated fields in residences. In the combined results, risk increased with higher exposure, but the estimates were imprecise, with odds ratios of 1.07 for 0.1–0.2 μT, 1.16 for 0.2–0.3 μT, and 1.44 for 0.3 μT or higher compared to <0.1 μT. When the most influential study from Brazil was excluded, the odds ratios increased somewhat. A nonparametric analysis also suggested an increasing trend.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers applied Bradford-Hill criteria and a European Commission precautionary framework to evaluate the link between childhood leukemia and power frequency magnetic fields. The main evidence is an epidemiological association from several studies and meta-analyses, though few children are highly exposed and the association could reflect bias, confounding, or chance. Experimental evidence does not clearly show harm at the implicated field levels, and the cause of childhood leukemia is poorly understood. A precautionary approach recommends low-cost interventions to reduce exposure, assuming any real risk would be small, but the recommendation is controversial because other data interpretations exist and low-cost measures may not fully alleviate the risk.
Unknown authors · 2010
A case-control study in southwestern France from May 1999 to April 2001 included 221 adults with central nervous system tumors and 442 matched controls. Occupational ELF and radiofrequency exposure was assessed by expert judgment using job calendars, and residential exposure by distance to power lines via a geographic information system. Occupational ELF exposure showed a significant increase in meningioma risk (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.10-8.25), while living within 100 m of power lines gave a non-significant increase (OR=2.99, 95% CI 0.86-10.40).
Unknown authors · 2010
The review states that everyone is exposed to electromagnetic fields from electricity, communication frequencies, and wireless devices. Strong evidence has linked leukemia to residential or occupational exposure to extremely low frequency EMFs for many years. Current ELF standards are not sufficiently stringent to protect against increased cancer risk. Radiofrequency standards are set to avoid tissue heating despite evidence of adverse biological effects at lower intensities. Recent studies show elevations in brain cancer and acoustic neuroma on the side of the head where cell phones were used.
Unknown authors · 2010
Mobile phone use is increasing extraordinarily rapidly worldwide, with 4.6 billion subscribers. Users of mobile phones are exposed to electromagnetic radiation that has long been hypothesized to have adverse health effects, including increased cancer risk. Research on biological mechanisms of cellular and tissue injury by electromagnetic radiation has been inconclusive, making epidemiological studies the principal source of evidence on potential health risks of mobile phone use. Brain tumours have been of particular concern because radiation from phones passes through the brain when used without a hands-free device, but previous studies have shown mixed findings with no clear indication of increased cancer risk.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers analyzed brain tumor data from 2000-2004 and 2007 cell phone subscription data. They found a strong correlation between cell phone subscriptions and brain tumor incidence (r = 0.950, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed the association remained significant after controlling for population, mean family income, and mean age (P = 0.017). The authors considered the linear relationship disturbing and called for further epidemiological evaluation. They suggested it would be prudent to limit exposure to all sources of electromagnetic radiation.
Unknown authors · 2010
Long-term mobile phone users had higher incidence of brain tumors, parotid gland tumors, and seminoma, with odds ratios from 1.3 to 6.1 for ipsilateral use. Current safety limits are based only on thermal mechanisms, but experimental data show metabolic changes from non-thermal exposure. Reproducible non-thermal effects include reactive oxygen species overproduction, heat shock protein expression, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers are recruiting 250,000 men and women aged 18 years or older in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and UK. Participants will be followed up for 25+ years. Mobile telephone use is collected prospectively through questionnaires and objective traffic data from network operators. Associations with disease risks will be studied by linking cohort members to existing disease registries. Changes in symptoms such as headache and sleep quality and of general well-being are assessed by baseline and follow-up questionnaires.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
The study is a re-analysis of risk for glioma in relation to mobile telephone use. The study compares its results with the Interphone international case-control study.
Yildirim MS, Yildirim A, Zamani AG, Okudan N. · 2010
The study evaluated the effects of mobile phone base stations on micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations in blood cells of people living near base stations and healthy controls. Micronucleus frequency was 8.96 +/- 3.51 in the study group and 6.97 +/- 1.52 in controls (p: 0.16). Chromosomal aberrations were 0.36 +/- 0.31 in the study group and 0.75 +/- 0.61 in controls (p: 0.07). There was no significant difference in either measure between the two groups. The authors concluded that cellular phones and their base stations do not produce important carcinogenic changes.
Kim KB et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 human breast cancer cells to 849 MHz RF radiation for one hour per day over three consecutive days at SARs of 2 or 10 W/kg. Protein expression profiles were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and showed no significant or reproducible changes after exposure. Follow-up analysis of three non-reproducible protein spots using mass spectrometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot confirmed no alterations in mRNA or protein levels.
The INTERPHONE Study Group. · 2010
An interview-based case-control study with 2708 glioma and 2409 meningioma cases and matched controls was conducted in 13 countries using a common protocol. Ever regular mobile phone use was associated with reduced odds ratios for glioma (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.94) and meningioma (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.91), possibly reflecting participation bias. No elevated odds ratio was observed 10 or more years after first phone use for either tumor type. In the highest decile of recalled cumulative call time (≥1640 hours), the odds ratio for glioma was 1.40 (95% CI 1.03-1.89) and for meningioma was 1.15 (95% CI 0.81-1.62), but the authors noted implausible values of reported use in this group.
Inskip PD, Hoover RN, Devesa SS. · 2010
Researchers examined temporal trends in brain cancer incidence rates in the United States using SEER program data from 1992 to 2006. Trends were downward or flat for all age groups except 20- to 29-year-olds, where females showed a statistically significant increase. The increase in young women was driven by frontal lobe cancers, while cancers in brain regions more exposed to phone radiation did not increase. The authors concluded that the incidence data do not support the view that cellular phone use causes brain cancer.
Elliott P et al. · 2010
The study was a case-control study using cancer registry and national birth register data in Great Britain with 1397 cases aged 0-4 and 5588 controls matched by sex and date of birth. Mean distance from a macrocell base station, total power output within 700 m, and modelled power density at the birth address were similar for cases and controls. Adjusted odds ratios for all cancers were 1.01 (0.87-1.18) for intermediate and 1.02 (0.88-1.20) for highest modelled power density exposure, with no significant trends for brain and central nervous system cancers or leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Kundi M. · 2010
Researchers identified 33 epidemiologic studies in the peer-reviewed literature, mostly 25 about brain tumors. Methodologic considerations revealed three important conditions for detecting increased risk are not met: no evidence-based exposure metric, observed duration of mobile phone use generally too low, and no evidence-based selection of end points among neoplasias due to lack of etiologic hypotheses. The overall evidence speaks in favor of an increased risk, but its magnitude cannot be assessed at present because of insufficient information on long-term use.
Khurana VG et al. · 2010
Researchers searched PubMed and identified 10 epidemiological studies on mobile phone base station health effects. Seven studies examined neurobehavioral effects and three studied cancer. Eight of the ten studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living within 500 meters of base stations. None of the studies reported exposures above international guidelines, suggesting guidelines may be inadequate.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2010
Researchers conducted a case-control study of deceased brain tumor cases aged 20-80 years diagnosed during 1997-2003, using two control groups of deceased individuals who died from other cancers or other diseases. Exposure was assessed via questionnaires sent to next-of-kin, with response rates of 75% for cases, 74% for cancer controls, and 60% for other-disease controls. Mobile phone use showed increased risk with >10 years latency (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.4-4.1) and with >2,000 hours cumulative use (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.6-7.1), while cordless phone use showed no clear association.
Cooke R, Laing S, Swerdlow AJ. · 2010
Researchers conducted a case-control study in South East England with 806 leukemia cases and 585 controls to investigate mobile phone use and leukemia risk. No association was found between regular mobile phone use and leukemia risk (OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.76-1.46). Analyses of years since first use, lifetime years of use, cumulative calls, and cumulative hours showed no significantly raised risks and no trends.
Behrens T et al. · 2010
Researchers investigated the association between occupational electromagnetic field exposure and uveal melanoma risk in a case-control study across nine European countries, interviewing 293 patients and 3198 controls. Participants were asked about work near high-voltage electrical transmission installations, computer screens, various electrical machines, or complex electrical environments. Analyses used unconditional logistic regression stratified by sex and eye color, adjusting for potential confounders. Women exposed to electrical transmission installations showed elevated risks with an odds ratio of 5.81 (95% CI 1.72 to 19.66). Most risk increases were restricted to subjects with dark iris color.
Tillmann T et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to UMTS fields at 0, 4.8, and 48 W/m(2) for up to 24 months starting from embryo-fetal exposure, with the 4.8 W/m(2) group also receiving prenatal ethylnitrosourea at 40 mg ENU/kg body weight. The high-level UMTS exposure (48 W/m(2)) showed tumour incidences comparable to sham and cage control groups. Mice given ethylnitrosourea and exposed to 4.8 W/m(2) UMTS had higher lung tumour rates and more lung carcinomas than ethylnitrosourea-only controls. Lung carcinoma multiplicity increased and the number of metastasising lung tumours doubled in the combined exposure group.
Mannerling AC, Simkó M, Mild KH, Mattsson MO · 2010
Researchers exposed human K562 leukemia cells to a 50-Hz sine-wave magnetic field for 1 hour at flux densities ranging from 0.025 to 0.10 mT, measuring proliferation, cell cycle distribution, superoxide radical anion levels, and HSP70 protein levels. Both vertical and horizontal exposures caused significantly and transiently increased HSP70 levels of more than twofold at several flux densities, compared to sham controls and also compared to a heat-treatment positive control. Superoxide radical anion levels increased by 30–40%, and adding free radical scavengers melatonin or 1,10-phenantroline inhibited the magnetic-field-induced increase in HSP70. Cell cycle kinetics and proliferation were not affected by exposure at 0.10 mT for 1 hour.
Garip AI, Akan Z. · 2010
Researchers investigated the effect of ELF-EMF on apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells, with and without oxidative stress, and examined links to heat-shock protein 70 levels. ELF-EMF at 1 mT and 50 Hz was applied for 3 hours, with one group of cells treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress and another left untreated. In cells not exposed to oxidative stress, ELF-EMF caused a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and a slight increase in viability. In cells treated with H2O2, ELF-EMF increased the number of apoptotic cells, and hsp70 and reactive oxygen species levels were also increased.
