Green AC et al. · 2005
Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2 +) ](i)) was measured in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells and cardiac myocytes during exposure to TETRA fields (380.8875 MHz pulse modulated at 17.6 Hz, 25% duty cycle). Granule cells exposed at specific absorption rates (SARs) of 5, 10, 20, 50 or 400 mW x kg(-1) showed no significant changes in resting [Ca(2 +) ](i). Exposure to TETRA (50 or 400 mW x kg(-1)) had no significant effect on either the rate or amplitude of spontaneous Ca(2 +) transients in cardiac myocytes. Overall, these results showed no evidence of any consistent or biologically relevant effect of TETRA fields on [Ca(2 + )](i) in granule cells and cardiac myocytes at any of the SAR tested.
Gorlitz BD et al. · 2005
Franke H et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated the influence of a generic UMTS signal on barrier tightness, transport processes, and morphology of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cell cultures serving as an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. The cells were exposed continuously for up to 84 hours at an average electric-field strength of 3.4-34 V/m with a maximum of 1.8 W/kg under athermal conditions. Barrier tightness measured by 14C-sucrose and serum albumin permeation and by transendothelial electrical resistance remained unchanged compared to sham-exposed cultures. Permeation of transporter substrates and the localization and integrity of the tight-junction proteins occludin and ZO1 were also unaffected.
Chang SK et al. · 2005
Researchers examined the biological effects of an 835-MHz EMF on bacterial reverse mutation (Ames assay) and DNA stability (in vitro DNA degradation) using tester strains exposed to a continuous waveform at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 48 h. In the presence of the EMF, some strains showed increased mutation rates with certain mutagens while others showed antimutagenic effects, but these effects were not significantly repeated in other relevant strains. Exposure to 835-MHz EMF did not change the rate of DNA degradation measured using plasmid pBluescript SK(+) as an indicator. The researchers concluded that 835-MHz EMF under the study conditions neither affected reverse mutation frequency nor accelerated DNA degradation in vitro.
Zeni O et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers to a 900 MHz GSM signal for 2 hours at SARs of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. DNA damage was assessed with the comet assay, chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were measured in stimulated lymphocytes, and cell proliferation was evaluated via the mitotic index. No statistically significant differences were observed between exposed and sham-exposed samples for any of these endpoints, while positive controls showed the expected increases in DNA damage.
Harakawa S et al. · 2005
The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF EFs) on plasma lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant activity (AOA) in Sprague–Dawley rats were studied. The test compared rats treated with a combination of the oxidizing agent AAPH and a 50 Hz EF of 17.5 kV/m for 15 min per day for 7 days, as well as AAPH alone, EF alone, or no treatment. EF significantly decreased the plasma peroxide level in rats treated with AAPH, similar to treatment by ascorbic acid or the superoxide dismutase.
Musaev AV, Ismailova LF, Gadzhiev AM. · 2005
Researchers studied changes in ascorbate- and NADPN2-dependent induced lipid peroxidation in the visual analyzer and hypothalamus of 3- and 12-month-old rats exposed to high- and low-intensity microwaves. High-intensity exposure stimulated basal LPO but suppressed LPO-inducing systems. Low-intensity exposure activated induced LPO systems accompanied by synchronous antioxidant defense activity maintaining redox balance. The authors concluded that microwaves can be either beneficial or a factor of oxidative stress depending on intensity.
Lee S et al. · 2005
The study used the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method to measure genome-wide gene expression changes in cultured human HL-60 cells exposed to pulsed 2.45 GHz RF fields. After a 2-hour exposure, 221 genes showed altered expression, increasing to 759 genes after 6 hours. Apoptosis-related genes were upregulated while cell cycle genes were downregulated, with no significant increase in heat shock genes.
Ilvonen S, Sihvonen AP, Karkkainen K, Sarvas J. · 2005
Researchers assessed extremely low frequency (ELF) fields induced in the human head by the battery currents of a mobile phone. They measured the magnetic field induced by the phone and used it to calculate resulting currents in the human head and brain. Both finite element method (FEM) and finite integration technique (FIT) were used for numerical computations. Computed current density values were compared with ICNIRP guidelines and found to be well within the limits.
Gandhi G, Singh P. · 2005
The study aimed to detect cytogenetic damage in mobile phone users by analyzing short-term peripheral lymphocyte cultures for chromosomal aberrations and buccal mucosal cells for micronuclei. The results showed increased micronucleated buccal cells and cytological abnormalities in cultured lymphocytes, indicating a genotoxic response from mobile phone use.
Dovrat A et al. · 2005
Researchers used a novel experimental system to investigate localized effects of microwave radiation on bovine eye lenses in culture for over two weeks. Exposure to a few milliwatts at 1 GHz for over 36 hours affected the optical function of the lens. Self-recovery occurred when exposure was interrupted, but microscopic indicators of radiation impact remained even after macroscopic recovery.
Caraglia M et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human epidermoid cancer KB cells to non-thermal microwave electromagnetic fields at 1.95 MHz. The exposure induced time-dependent apoptosis reaching 45% after 3 hours, accompanied by a roughly 2.5-fold decrease in expression of ras and Raf-1 and activity of ras and Erk-1/2. A 2.5-fold increase in ubiquitination of ras and Raf-1 was observed, and proteasome inhibition with lactacystin counteracted the degradation, indicating proteasome-dependent degradation. MW-EMF differentially activated stress pathways, increasing JNK-1 activity and HSP70 and HSP27 expression while reducing p38 kinase activity and HSP90 expression; overexpression of HSP90 completely blocked apoptosis and the inactivation of the ras-Erk survival signal, while Erk inhibition reversed this protection.
Barteri M, Pala A, Rotella S. · 2005
Researchers exposed an aqueous solution of electric eel acetylcholinesterase to emissions from a commercial cellular phone. The exposure altered the enzyme's activity and irreversibly affected its structural and biochemical characteristics. The authors note that the results cannot determine hazardous health effects but may be a first step for further verification.
Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL, Thouvenot P. · 2005
Mice were treated with 1 hour per week of radiofrequency exposure for 4 months while a sham-exposed group served as controls. The evolution of carcinogenesis was followed up to 18 months, and the maximal life span of control mice was about 24 months. All dead animals were clinically and histologically examined to give an age-determined comparative quantification of the evolving carcinogenesis. A radiocalcium tracer method permitted the evaluation of radiofrequency effects on transmembrane transport of extracellular calcium at 1 and 24 hours after exposure, and the determination of induced lipid peroxidation completed this second study.
Aksoy U, Sahin S, Ozkoc S, Ergor G. · 2005
Researchers exposed cultures of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation from a digital mobile phone for 24 hours. The number of living parasites of both species decreased significantly after exposure at 37 °C and at room temperature compared with unexposed controls.
Gandhi G, Anita · 2005
Researchers investigated DNA and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 24 mobile phone users exposed to microwave frequencies of 800-2000 MHz. DNA damage measured by comet assay showed a mean comet tail length of 26.76 ± 0.054 mm with 39.75% of cells damaged, which was highly significant compared to controls. The in vivo capillary blood micronucleus test also revealed a highly significant frequency of micronucleated cells at 0.25.
Yariktas M et al. · 2005
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz EMR radiation for 30 minutes per day over 10 days and measured oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities. Exposure increased MDA and NO levels and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in myocardial tissue. Treatment with CAPE reversed these changes, indicating a protective effect against mobile phone-induced oxidative heart injury.
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
The study compared the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against 900 MHz mobile phone radiation-induced renal tubular injury in rats. Exposure increased urinary NAG and renal MDA levels in rats. Both melatonin and CAPE significantly reduced these elevated markers. Melatonin also increased SOD and GSH-Px activities above control levels, while CAPE did not increase these enzymes.
Ozguner F, Oktem F, Ayata A, Koyu A, Yilmaz HR. · 2005
Oktem F, Ozguner F, Mollaoglu H, Koyu A, Uz E. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900-MHz mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes daily over 10 days. Exposure increased kidney tissue malondialdehyde and urine N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase while decreasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Melatonin administered before each exposure reversed these changes. The authors concluded that melatonin may protect against mobile phone-induced kidney impairment in rats.
Morimoto S et al. · 2005
The study examined how EMF radiation affects endothelin-1 production by cultured endothelial cells. EMF radiation reduced basal ET-1 levels in human umbilical vein and microvascular endothelial cells but did not reduce them in bovine and human aortic endothelial cells. EMF radiation significantly inhibited thrombin-stimulated ET-1 production and mRNA expression in all four cell types in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition was abolished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine at 10−3 mol/l.
Regoli F et al. · 2005
Buczyński A et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human blood platelets to electromagnetic fields characteristic of car environments. Free radical generation increased after 30 and 90 minutes of exposure. Malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, reached its highest levels after 30 and 90 minutes compared to controls. The results indicate that platelets are sensitive to this environmental factor.
Wang Q, Cao ZJ, Bai XT. · 2005
Researchers exposed cerebral cortical neurons from postnatal rats to 900 MHz continuous microwave EMF with a SAR of 1.15 to 3.22 mW/g for 2 hours per day over 6 consecutive days and for 12 hours at one time. GABA receptor was selected as the biological endpoint. Significant changes in GABA receptor expression were observed in exposed neurons (P < 0.01), and the expression was significantly regulated by the microwave with a power window effect.
