Hardell L, Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Zetterberg H, Mild KH · 2010
Researchers studied the concentration of β-trace protein in blood in relation to emissions from wireless phones in 62 persons aged 18-30 years. The concentration of β-trace protein decreased with increasing number of years of use of a wireless phone, yielding a negative β coefficient of -0.32 with a 95% confidence interval of -0.60 to -0.04. Cumulative use in hours also gave a negative β coefficient, although not statistically significant. Forty of the 62 persons participated in an experimental study with 30 min exposure to an 890-MHz GSM signal, and no statistically significant change of β-trace protein was found. In a similar study of the remaining 22 participants with no exposure, β-trace protein increased significantly over time, probably due to a relaxed situation.
Hardell L, Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Zetterberg H, Mild KH. · 2010
Researchers measured beta-trace protein, a key enzyme that produces the brain's natural sleep hormone, in 62 young adults who used wireless phones. They found that people who had used wireless phones longer had lower levels of this sleep-promoting protein in their blood. This provides a potential biological explanation for why some people experience sleep problems when exposed to cell phone radiation.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Yuvaci HU, Turhan N, Coskun ZK, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to 1800 MHz GSM-modulated RFR for 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for one month. They measured micronucleus frequency in exfoliated bladder cells to assess genotoxic damage. No significant difference in micronucleus frequency was found between exposed and control groups (p>0.05). The authors concluded that 1800 MHz RFR did not produce any genotoxic effect under these exposure conditions.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers used computer modeling to measure how much radiation workers absorb when standing near multi-band cell tower antennas operating at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz frequencies. They found that higher frequencies create more localized radiation absorption, while distance from the antenna determines which safety limits matter most. The study shows that combining multiple frequencies increases total radiation exposure in predictable ways.
Kawai H, Nagaoka T, Watanabe S, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K. · 2010
Researchers used computational models of pregnant women at 4 and 8 weeks of pregnancy to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in embryos exposed to electromagnetic plane waves from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The models had a 2 mm spatial resolution and represented a woman similar in height and weight to an average-sized Japanese adult female, with either a cubic 4-week or spheroidal 8-week embryo. The maximum average SAR in the embryos was lower than 0.08 W kg(-1) when the incident power density was at the ICNIRP reference level for the general public.
Grigor'ev IuG et al. · 2010
Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO, Kagawa S · 2010
Researchers randomly assigned 18 male rabbits to a phone group exposed to an 800 MHz mobile phone in standby for 8 hours daily over 12 weeks and a control group. Copulatory behavior was recorded with six female teasers, and serum testosterone, dopamine, and cortisol were measured. The phone group showed significantly more mounts without ejaculation, significantly fewer mounts with ejaculation, increased biting or grasping, longer mounting latency, and no significant hormone differences.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Italian researchers exposed rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5) to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation for up to 96 hours and measured key cellular functions. The study found no changes in the cells' ability to produce cAMP or uptake iodine, two critical thyroid functions. This suggests that mobile phone frequencies may not directly interfere with basic thyroid cell biochemistry in laboratory conditions.
Campisi A et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary rat neocortical astroglial cell cultures to electromagnetic fields in the microwave range, either as continuous waves or amplitude-modulated at 50 Hz, for 5, 10, or 20 minutes. A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation was found only after exposure of the astrocytes to modulated EMF for 20 min. Cell viability was not affected, and the irradiation conditions allowed the exclusion of any possible thermal effect.
Guler G, Tomruk A, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers investigated oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels in the brain tissue of pregnant and non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits and their newborns exposed to radiofrequency radiation. The rabbits were exposed to radiofrequency radiation at 1800 MHz GSM at 14 V/m for 15 minutes per day over 7 days. MDA and 8-OHdG levels in exposed pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits were significantly increased compared to controls, but no difference was found in the newborns.
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves for 2 hours a day for 45 days at either 10 GHz or 50 GHz, and blood cells and serum were then analyzed. The exposed rats showed micronuclei formation and a significant increase in ROS production, along with significant changes in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. The researchers concluded that microwave exposure may be effective at the genetic level and suggested this may indicate tumor promotion through overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
Xu S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary cultured cortical neurons to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 1800 MHz modulated by 217 Hz at an average specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg. At 24 hours after exposure, researchers found a significant increase in levels of 8-hydroxyguanine, a common biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the mitochondria of neurons. The copy number of mitochondrial DNA and the levels of mitochondrial RNA transcripts showed an obvious reduction after RF exposure. Each of these mitochondrial DNA disturbances could be reversed by pretreatment with melatonin.
Arendash GW et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the effects of long-term EMF exposure at 918 MHz and 0.25 w/kg on both normal mice and transgenic mice bred to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Both cognitive-protective and cognitive-enhancing effects of EMF exposure were discovered for both normal mice and transgenic mice destined to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. In Alzheimer's disease mice, long-term EMF exposure reduced brain amyloid-beta deposition through anti-aggregation actions and increased brain temperature during exposure periods. The researchers concluded that EMF exposure may represent a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease, while cautioning against directly extrapolating these mouse findings to humans.
Fragopoulou AF et al. · 2010
Researchers tested the effects of mobile phone radiation on spatial learning and memory in mice using the Morris water maze, a hippocampal-dependent spatial memory task. The mice received a 2 h daily dose of pulsed GSM 900 MHz radiation from a commercially available mobile phone for 4 days at SAR values ranging from 0.41 to 0.98 W/kg. Exposed animals showed a deficit in transferring acquired spatial information across training days, with increased escape latency and distance swam compared to sham-exposed animals. During the memory probe trial, sham-exposed animals showed the expected preference for the target quadrant, while exposed animals showed no preference.
Söderqvist F, Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH · 2010
Researchers proposed that transthyretin (TTR), a protein that sequesters amyloid-beta, might help explain findings related to radiofrequency exposure and Alzheimer's disease. In a provocation study on 41 persons exposed for 30 minutes to an 890-MHz GSM signal at 1.0 Watt/kg to the temporal area of the brain, serum TTR was found to be statistically significantly increased 60 minutes after exposure. In a cross-sectional study on 313 subjects, a statistically significantly positive association was found between serum TTR and time since first use of mobile phones and desktop cordless phones combined (P=0.03).
Maskey D et al. · 2010
Researchers measured calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) expression in the hippocampus of mice after exposure to 835 MHz electromagnetic fields at various durations and absorption rates. Exposure conditions included 1 hour per day for 5 days at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg, 1 hour per day for 5 days at 4.0 W/kg, 5 hours per day for 1 day at 1.6 W/kg, 5 hours per day for 1 day at 4.0 W/kg, and daily exposure for 1 month at 1.6 W/kg. Exposure for 1 month produced almost complete loss of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area. Body weights did not change significantly across the exposure groups.
Maskey D et al. · 2010
Researchers investigated the effect of 835-MHz radiofrequency exposure on rat hippocampus for 3 months using immunohistochemical methods. A decrease in calbindin immunoreactivity was observed in the exposed group, with loss of interneurons and pyramidal cells in the CA1 area and loss of granule cells. An overall increase in GFAP immunoreactivity was observed in the hippocampus of exposed rats, and apoptotic cells were detected in the CA1, CA3 areas and dentate gyrus.
Sonmez OF, Odaci E, Bas O, Kaplan S · 2010
Researchers exposed 16-week-old adult female rats to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 28 days and then counted Purkinje cells in the cerebellum using a stereological technique. The total number of Purkinje cells in the exposed group was significantly lower than in both the control group (p < 0.004) and the sham-exposed group (p < 0.002). Body and brain weights did not differ significantly between the exposed and unexposed groups.
Xu S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed brain neurons to cell phone-frequency radiation (1800 MHz) at levels similar to heavy phone use and found it damaged the DNA inside cellular powerhouses called mitochondria. The radiation increased markers of DNA damage by 24 hours and reduced the neurons' ability to produce energy. Importantly, the antioxidant melatonin completely prevented this damage, suggesting oxidative stress was the underlying cause.
Achudume A, Onibere B, Aina F, Tchokossa P · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to radio frequency radiation at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 0.95 to 3.9 W/kg for 40 or 60 days continuously. At 40 days, electromagnetic radiation failed to induce any significant alterations. At 60 days of exposure, various attributes evaluated decreased, including decreases in NADPH and ascorbate-linked lipid peroxidation along with diminution in enzymatic antioxidative defense systems and decreased glucose residue.
Zhijian C et al. · 2010
Researchers used a comet assay to study whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR, SAR of 2 W/kg) could influence DNA repair in human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells exposed to doxorubicin (DOX). RFR alone did not directly induce DNA damage in the cells. A specific combined-exposure pattern could obviously influence DNA repair at 6 h and 12 h after exposure to DOX for four DOX doses.
Achudume A, Onibere B, Aina F, Tchokossa P. · 2010
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz and 1800 MHz) for 40 or 60 days. While 40 days showed no effects, 60 days significantly weakened the animals' antioxidant defenses and altered cellular chemistry, suggesting prolonged exposure may overwhelm natural protection against cellular damage.
Jorge-Mora T et al. · 2010
Maskey D et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (835 MHz) for one month and found almost complete loss of brain cells in the hippocampus, the region responsible for memory and learning. This suggests cell phone radiation may disrupt brain function and potentially affect memory formation.
