Delavarifar S et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed 30 adult male Balb/c mice to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation or sham exposure, with some mice treated with busulfan to induce oligospermia. Low power density Wi-Fi radiation significantly increased sperm concentration in healthy mice and showed greater increase in oligospermic mice with higher exposure.
Coyne SM, Stockdale L, Summers K · 2019
NASA's SMAP mission conducted a field experiment over two 40-km agricultural domains in Iowa and Manitoba in summer 2016 with airborne PALS flights and intensive ground measurements. The experiment had two observation periods capturing early-season low vegetation and later-season high vegetation conditions. PALS brightness temperature measurements compared to SMAP showed an RMSD of 2.8 K for vertical polarization and 4.0 K for horizontal polarization. Using seasonally variable parameters allowed satisfactory soil moisture retrieval accuracy. The results suggested that rapidly growing vegetation and early-season surface condition changes not captured by the SMAP algorithm caused SMAP retrieval errors.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers used high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in E. coli DH5α exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation and unexposed controls. The analysis identified 101 differentially expressed genes, with 52 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated. Quantitative RT-PCR of selected genes confirmed the sequencing results. Pathway analysis showed that flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, two-component systems, and metabolic pathways were affected.
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours daily over 6 months. Exposure increased oxidative stress markers including TOS, OSI, MDA, and 8-OHdG, while decreasing total antioxidant status. DNA damage measured by comet assay showed higher tail intensities in exposed groups.
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone frequencies (900, 1800, and 2100 MHz) for 2 hours daily over 6 months and found significant DNA damage and oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The higher frequencies (1800 and 2100 MHz) caused more severe DNA breaks, while all frequencies increased harmful oxidative markers and decreased protective antioxidants. This suggests prolonged cell phone radiation exposure may damage reproductive tissue at the cellular level.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh adventitious onion roots to continuous electromagnetic fields at 2350 MHz for one, two, or four hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberrations, while genotoxicity was assessed via comet assay measuring head DNA, tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Mitotic index increased significantly after four hours and chromosomal aberrations increased after two hours or more, while phase index showed no specific changes. Head DNA and tail DNA percentages changed significantly after two and four hours respectively, but tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields for 1 hour and 4 hours and measured mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage using the comet assay. After 4 hours of exposure, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration percentage increased significantly compared to controls. DNA damage was indicated by a significant decrease in head DNA and increase in tail DNA after 4 hours, while tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly. Post-exposure evaluation after 24 hours showed no significant recovery or change.
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz frequencies for 2 hours daily over 6 months and found significant DNA damage and oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The higher frequencies (1800 and 2100 MHz) caused the most severe effects, including DNA strand breaks and reduced antioxidant defenses. This suggests prolonged cell phone use may pose reproductive health risks for men.
Said-Salman IH, Jebali FA, Yusef HH, Mustafa ME · 2019
A Wi-Fi router was used as a source of microwaves and bacterial cells were exposed continuously for 24 and 48 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion on Müller Hinton agar, motility of Escherichia coli O157H7 was assessed on motility agar, and metabolic activity and biofilm formation were measured with MTT assay and crystal violet quantification. Exposure altered motility and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157H7, did not change antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermis, and increased metabolic activity and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli O157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.
The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves on neuronal response properties in rat barrel cortexSistani S et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed 29 male Wistar rats to Wi-Fi radiation for 1 hour and recorded neuronal responses in the barrel cortex. Wi-Fi radiation decreased the condition test ratio for ON responses. Spontaneous activity and ON and OFF responses were not significantly changed. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi radiation could modulate integrative responses to natural stimuli in barrel cortex.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers divided 24 male Wistar albino rats into four groups and exposed one group to 2100 MHz radiation for 30 minutes over a 90-day experiment. Subcutaneous melatonin was injected into a third group and given 40 minutes before radiation to a fourth group. Radiation caused neuronal edema, fewer neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3, Purkinje neuron displacement, and dark neurons. Radiation activated the NMDA-receptor 2B/Calpain-1/Caspase-12 pathway, and melatonin did not demonstrate protective effects.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed 5xFAD mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 5.0 W/kg for 2 h/day and 5 days/week for 8 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using an open field test and an object recognition memory task after exposure ended. RF exposure rescued hyperactivity-like and anxiolytic behaviors in the open field test and improved cognitive deficits in the object recognition memory test. Glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and amygdala was significantly increased in RF-exposed mice compared to sham-exposed mice.
Unknown authors · 2018
They measured reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue and used caspase-3 immunohistochemistry to assess apoptosis. Deterioration was observed in the brush border in renal tubules of the EMF groups. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a greater number of positively stained renal tubular epithelial cells in the EMF groups compared with the control group. In the EMF groups renal MDA levels increased and renal GSH levels decreased compared with the control group (p = 0.00 for both).
Hardell L et al · 2018
Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.
Unknown authors · 2018
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers randomly assigned rats to cage control, sham, or 2.1 GHz RF exposure for 2 hours daily over 7 days and recorded auditory evoked potentials. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials were significantly higher in the RF group than in the sham group. Evoked power, inter-trial phase synchronization, and auditory evoked gamma responses were also significantly higher in the RF group. The RF group showed significantly lower TBARS and 4-HNE levels, while GFAP, nNOS, and iNOS levels did not differ between groups, and no differences were found between cage control and RF groups.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to some cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 7 days, then measured brain responses to sounds. The RF-exposed rats showed significantly stronger auditory brain responses and reduced oxidative damage markers compared to control groups.
Li R et al. · 2018
This study examined how mouse spermatocyte-derived cells respond to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure at 4 W/kg for 24 hours. The researchers found that RF-EMF exposure induced both DNA damage and autophagy through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway mediating this autophagy response, and that autophagy activation actually protected cells from DNA damage.
Jeong YJ et al. · 2018
The aim of the study was to observe the impact of long-term RF-EMF on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aging brains of C57BL/6 mice. Compared with young mice, aged mice showed significantly increased protein and lipid oxidative damage markers in the brain. Aged mice also had significantly elevated markers of DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocytes, and microglia. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in aged mouse brains. Long-term RF-EMF exposure also did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice.
Taheri M et al. · 2017
Researchers assessed whether 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation and 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router radiation alter the susceptibility of microorganisms to different antibiotics. The study found that exposure to Wi-Fi and RF simulator radiation can significantly alter inhibition zone diameters and growth rates for Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Pure cultures of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were exposed to RF-EMFs from a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone simulator and a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router.
Halgamuge MN. · 2017
The analysis found that 89.9% of studies reported physiological or morphological effects from mobile phone RF-EMF (p < 0.001). Maize, roselle, pea, fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions, and mungbean appeared especially sensitive to RF-EMF.
Hassanshahi A et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 80 male Wistar rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 30 days at 12 hours per day. Exposed rats could not discriminate between novel and familiar objects in standard, tactile, visual, and cross-modal object recognition tests. M1 receptor expression increased after Wi-Fi exposure. The researchers concluded that chronic Wi-Fi exposure might impair both unimodal and cross-modal information encoding.
Abstract Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz) have widespread usage almost everywhere et al. · 2017
Chandel S, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. · 2017
Researchers exposed onion roots to 2100 MHz cell phone radiation for 1-4 hours and measured cellular damage markers. The exposure triggered increased production of harmful reactive oxygen species (unstable molecules that damage cells) and forced the plants to ramp up their antioxidant defenses. This demonstrates that cell phone frequencies can disrupt normal cellular processes even in plant tissue.
Shirai T et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to eight radiofrequency signals ranging from 800 MHz to 5.2 GHz. The exposure lasted 20 h per day from gestational day 7 through weaning and continued for offspring up to 6 weeks of age. No abnormal findings were observed in the dams, F1 offspring, or F2 offspring across all evaluated parameters. The study concluded that simultaneous whole-body exposure to these frequencies did not show adverse effects on pregnancy or development.
