Sun Y, Zong L, Gao Z, Zhu S, Tong J, Cao Y · 2017
Researchers exposed HL-60 human leukemia cells to continuous 900MHz radiofrequency fields at 120μW/cm² for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. Exposed cells had significantly increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial transcription factor A, mtDNA polymerase gamma, mtDNA transcripts, and mtDNA copy number compared to sham-exposed controls. Exposed cells also showed a significant increase in the oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG and a significant decrease in ATP. Pretreating cells with melatonin, a free radical scavenger, reversed the effects seen in RF-exposed cells.
Höytö A, Herrala M, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2017
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field with or without a non-phototoxic level of blue light for 24 hours. The magnetic field increased cytosolic superoxide production, while blue light suppressed that effect. Mitochondrial superoxide production was reduced by both the magnetic field and blue light, but these effects were not additive. Micronucleus frequency was not affected by blue light or the magnetic field alone, but blue light, significantly when combined with the magnetic field, enhanced menadione-induced micronuclei.
Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. · 2017
Researchers exposed malignant cell lines to the Thomas-EMF pattern for one hour per day and observed inhibited cell growth. The same exposure did not alter growth of non-malignant cells. The anti-proliferative effect was mediated by cAMP and ERK signaling pathways. Exposure transiently altered cellular cAMP levels and promoted ERK phosphorylation in malignant cells.
Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM · 2017
Researchers exposed female mice to 1800MHz mobile phone radiation in different modes (standby, dialing, receiving) and found significant damage to reproductive organs and hormone systems. The radiation caused oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules) and reduced the number of healthy egg follicles, while disrupting key reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This suggests that mobile phone radiation at typical cellular frequencies may interfere with female fertility through stress-related mechanisms.
Yilmaz A et al. · 2017
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 24 hours a day over 20 days using a digital signal generator placed under the cage. Livers and blood were collected from male and female offspring 60 days after birth for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Liver malondialdehyde levels increased significantly while glutathione levels decreased significantly, and serum ALT and AST levels were significantly elevated. Liver sections showed intense hepatocyte degeneration with cytoplasmic eosinophilic structures, pyknotic nuclei, and fibrosis. The researchers concluded that intrauterine EMF exposure causes harmful liver effects that persist into adulthood.
Andrianome S et al. · 2017
Researchers compared autonomic nervous system activity in 30 self-declared electrohypersensitive participants and 25 matched controls using heart rate variability and skin conductance. The electrohypersensitive group showed more skin conductance responses to auditory stimuli, while short-term heart rate variability did not differ between groups. In a double-blind, counterbalanced session, 10 electrohypersensitive volunteers were exposed to GSM 900, GSM 1800, DECT, and Wi-Fi at 1 V/m. No changes in heart rate variability or skin conductance were observed during or after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2017
Researchers investigated the effect of 1950 MHz Universal Mobile Telecommunication System radiofrequency exposure on Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay after 20-hour exposures at SAR values of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.25 W/kg. Exposure at 0.15 and 0.3 W/kg significantly increased micronucleus frequency without cytotoxicity, while 0.6 and 1.25 W/kg had no effect. Pre-exposure at 1.25 W/kg for 20 hours before MMC treatment significantly reduced micronucleus frequency compared to MMC alone, indicating an adaptive response, whereas pre-exposure at 0.3 W/kg did not.
Dey S, Bose S, Kumar S, Rathore R, Mathur R, Jain S. · 2017
Researchers performed complete transection of the spinal cord at the T13 level in male Wistar rats, then exposed them to a magnetic field at 50 Hz and 17.96 µT for 2 hours daily for 8 weeks. Compared to injured rats that received no magnetic field, injured rats that received the magnetic field showed significant improvement in locomotion. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry revealed significant reductions in lesion volume, microglia, macrophage, collagen tissue, and iron content, along with higher vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the magnetic field group.
Su L, Wei X, Xu Z, Chen G · 2017
Researchers exposed neurogenic A172, U251, and SH-SY5Y cells to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg intermittently for 1, 6, or 24 hours. DNA damage was measured by quantifying γH2AX foci, an early marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Cell cycle progression, proliferation, and viability were assessed using flow cytometry, hemocytometer, and cell counting kit-8 assay. Exposure did not significantly induce γH2AX foci formation or cause abnormal cell cycle progression, proliferation, or viability. Prolonged incubation up to 48 hours after exposure also did not significantly affect cellular behavior.
Pesqueira T, Costa-Almeida R, Gomes ME · 2017
Researchers exposed human tendon-derived cells to a low-frequency static magnetic field (2 Hz, 350 mT) using short-term exposures of 4 and 8 hours and long-term regimens of continuous, every 24 hours, or every 48 hours over an 8-hour period. In short-term studies, 8-hour stimulation significantly upregulated the tendon-associated genes SCX, COL1A1, TNC, and DCN and altered intracellular Ca2+ levels. In long-term studies, the every-24-hour regimen upregulated COL1A1, COL3A1, and TNC at day 14, while continuous exposure differentially regulated IL-1β and IL-10 release at day 7.
Zhang H et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated the influence of a 50 Hz, 8 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field, applied 4 hours per day for 28 days, on calcium ion signaling in the hippocampus of mice. Exposure increased levels of Gi protein, IP3, DAG, PKA, PKC beta, PP2B, and intracellular calcium, while decreasing CaMK II and PKC alpha. ELF-MF exposure also decreased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which the researchers described as playing a key role in hippocampal neuronal cell death. Oral administration of procyanidins from lotus seedpod, especially at 90 mg per kg, significantly recovered these changes and nearly reached normal levels.
Xu F et al. · 2017
Haghighat N, Abdolmaleki P, Parnian J, Behmanesh M. · 2017
Aslan A, İkinci A, Baş O, Sönmez OF, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers used three groups of six 21-day-old male rats, including an unexposed control, a sham-exposed group, and a group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. The EMF-exposed group had significantly fewer Purkinje cells than both the control and sham groups. Histopathological examination also showed altered Purkinje cell arrangement and intense cytoplasmic staining in the exposed rats.
Zheng Y, Dou JR, Gao Y, Dong L, Li G. · 2017
Researchers isolated cortical pyramidal neurons from Kunming mice and exposed them to 15 Hz, 1 mT square wave magnetic fields. Sodium currents, transient potassium currents, and delayed rectifier potassium currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method. Magnetic field exposure depressed channel current densities and altered the activation kinetics of sodium and potassium channels, and the inactivation properties of INa and IA were also altered.
Lameth J et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 2-hour head-only exposure to GSM-1800 MHz could affect a neuroinflammatory reaction triggered by lipopolysaccharide in 2-week-old or adult rats. In developing rats, 24 hours after exposure, cortical interleukin-1β and NOX2 NADPH oxidase transcripts were reduced by 50 to 60% compared with sham-exposed animals. Adult rats showed a 50% reduction in IL1β mRNA but no NOX2 suppression and displayed a significant growth response of microglial cell processes. GSM exposure decreased phosphorylation at two residues on the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit (serine 831 and 845). The changes in gene expression, microglia, and GluA1 phosphorylation did not persist 72 hours after exposure and were absent without LPS pretreatment.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Rats were exposed to 900 and 2100 MHz RF-EMR for 2 h/day for either 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured hippocampal levels and activity of PKA, CaMKIIα, CREB, and p44/42 MAPK from NMDAR-related signaling pathways using Western blotting and activity assays. Chronic exposure produced significantly higher enzyme levels than acute exposure at both frequencies, and 2100 MHz exposure produced higher levels than 900 MHz in both acute and chronic groups.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and 2100 MHz frequencies for either 1 week or 10 weeks, then examined changes in brain enzymes involved in memory and learning. They found that longer exposure (10 weeks) caused more significant changes than shorter exposure (1 week), and that 2100 MHz radiation (used by 3G networks) had stronger effects than 900 MHz radiation (used by 2G networks). This suggests that both the duration of exposure and the specific frequency matter when it comes to how wireless radiation affects the brain.
Qureshi ST, Memon SA, Abassi AR, Sial MA, Bughio FA. · 2017
Researchers exposed dry chickpea seeds to GSM cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and laptop radiation at 3.31 GHz for 24 and 48 hours. Untreated seeds served as a negative control and gamma rays at 250 Gray served as a positive control. All radiofrequency treatments inhibited seed germination, with the 48-hour laptop exposure showing the strongest negative effect. Mitotic index decreased and abnormality index increased as exposure duration and frequency increased. Cell membrane damage, nuclear membrane damage, and ghost cells were observed only after 48 hours of exposure.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed V79 fibroblast cells to 1800 MHz RF radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg to investigate possible links between radiofrequency exposure and oxidative stress. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values regardless of exposure time. An increased level of superoxide radicals was detected after 60-minute exposure, and a significantly higher GSH level was observed immediately after 10-minute exposure, though GSH-Px activity was higher but not significant. Lipid oxidative damage in exposed cell samples was not observed.
Ozdemir E et al. · 2017
Researchers used 78 adult male Wistar albino rats to investigate whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect morphine analgesia and tolerance. Rats were exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field for 30 minutes each day for 15 days, and morphine tolerance was induced with high-dose morphine (50 mg/kg) for 3 days. In rats exposed to the magnetic field, the analgesic effect of morphine (5 mg/kg) was significantly higher than in the non-exposed morphine group, and morphine-tolerant animals exposed to the field also showed significantly higher analgesia than tolerant rats without field exposure.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed human cells to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for up to 60 minutes at typical phone power levels. The cells showed signs of oxidative stress, including increased harmful free radicals and elevated cellular defense responses, even without heating effects.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2017
Davarpanah Jazi S, Modolo J, Baker C, Villard S, Legros A. · 2017
Ten healthy volunteers were exposed to 11 MF conditions (60 Hz, 0 to 50 mTrms, 5 mTrms increments) while physiological tremor and EEG from motor and somatosensory brain regions were measured. Exposure had no significant effect on any physiological tremor characteristics, and no significant EEG effects were observed for electrodes C1, C3, C5 and CP1. At electrodes CP3 and CP5, a decreased mu-rhythm spectral power with increasing MF flux density was suggested, but this was not confirmed by Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons.
Lian HY, Lin KW, Yang C, Cai P. · 2017
Researchers exposed two budding yeast strains, NT64C and SB34, to 2.0 GHz RF-EMF and 50 Hz ELF-EMF. Both RF-EMF and ELF-EMF exposure elevated the de novo generation and propagation of the yeast prion [URE3] in the two strains. The increase grew over time, and ELF-EMF showed a dose-dependent effect. Chaperone transcription and expression (Hsp104, Hsp70-Ssa1/2, Hsp40-Ydj1) did not change significantly after exposure. ROS levels and SOD and CAT activities rose after short-term exposure but not after long-term exposure.
